Pin the production image to the OpenMU upstream Dalga A release (d60aad7d2f)

The admin panel sets StaticWebAssetBasePath to _content/<assembly>, so the
colocated module is served as
/_content/MUnique.OpenMU.Web.AdminPanel/Pages/LogFiles.razor.js. The import
asked for "./Pages/LogFiles.razor.js", which resolves against the page url
/logfiles and answers 404. The failure is caught and logged, so the viewer
still renders - it just never scrolls itself.

Build the path from the assembly name the way ThemeSelector and MapEditor
already do.

deploy-adamu/docker-compose.prod.yml

@@ -4,7 +4,12 @@
 # set edilirse onu, edilmezse aşağıdaki default'u kullanır.
 services:
   openmu-startup:
-    image: ${OPENMU_IMAGE:-atfatmc/adamu-openmu:latest}   # <-- kendi DockerHub image'imiz (Task 3)
+    # Production'da DAIMA commit-SHA etiketi kullanilir, asla :latest. :latest degisken
+    # bir isim oldugu icin Coolify onu yerelde tanidiginda yeniden cekmez ve eski katman
+    # sessizce calismaya devam eder (2026-07-31'de tam olarak bu oldu: sunucu 26 Temmuz
+    # image'ini calistiriyordu). SHA etiketi daha once gorulmedigi icin pull zorunlu olur.
+    # Yeni surum yayinlarken bu satiri yeni SHA ile guncelle.
+    image: ${OPENMU_IMAGE:-atfatmc/adamu-openmu:d60aad7d2f55}
     container_name: openmu-startup
     networks:
       - coolify

docs/Bots.md

@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+# Server-side AI Bots
+
+Bots are persistent, autonomous characters which populate a server like real
+players: they hunt with the skills of their class, level up, spend their points,
+keep their buffs up, pick up and wear better gear, restock in town, group up,
+defend themselves, and come and go over the day. A player who meets one should
+not be able to tell it apart from a quiet human player.
+
+They are driven entirely by the server. No game client is involved and no
+packets are exchanged: a bot is a connection-less `OfflinePlayer` — the same
+class which keeps a character playing after its owner logs out — with a
+navigator on top which gives it a life of its own.
+
+The feature is disabled by default. Enabling it is always a deliberate act of
+the server admin.
+
+## How it works
+
+**Bots are ordinary accounts.** Each one is a regular `Account` with the `IsBot`
+flag, holding up to five characters with generated names, levels, classes,
+stats, skills and starter gear. They are created once, saved like any other
+character, and reloaded on every start — a bot's progress belongs to the
+server's data, not to a process. Every bot animates one character in its own
+persistence context, so the characters of one account can play at the same time.
+
+**Two ticks make up the mind of a bot.** The offline MU Helper AI runs twice a
+second and does what it does for a human's offline session: attack, heal, buff,
+pick items up. On top of it, a bot navigator runs every second and decides the
+things an offline session never had to: where to hunt, when to travel or warp,
+when to go shopping, whom to follow. Everything a bot changes about itself —
+equipping, jewels, resets, master points — is queued into the AI tick, so it
+never runs while the combat handler is working on the same character.
+
+**Bots act through the regular player actions.** Moving an item, talking to a
+merchant, consuming a jewel, entering an event: a bot goes through the same
+actions with the same validations a client's packet would trigger. It cannot do
+anything a player could not do, and rule changes apply to bots for free.
+
+**The population is split over the game servers.** Bots count towards the player
+count of their server exactly like players do, and a server which reached its
+maximum player count turns new clients away — so a population large enough to
+fill a server would lock the players out of it. `Bot capacity %` (60 by default)
+is the share of a server's player limit its bots may occupy; the rest stays
+reserved for the players. Which accounts a server animates is a pure function of
+the account index and the set of configured game servers, so every server
+computes the same split without asking the others — which also holds when each
+game server runs as its own process. Exactly one server generates the
+population, so accounts and character names are never created twice. Accounts
+which do not fit stay offline until the deployment offers the room for them.
+
+## Configuration
+
+The *Bots* feature plugin, in the "Feature Plugins" section of the admin panel:
+
+- **`Enabled`** — spawns the bots after the server has started. Off by default.
+- **`Number of accounts`** — how many bot accounts to maintain.
+- **`Characters per account`** — how many characters each account animates at
+  once (at most five).
+- **`Bot capacity %`** — the share of a game server's maximum player count its
+  bots may occupy; the rest is reserved for the players.
+- **`Presence rotation`** — bots log in and out over the day instead of all
+  being online around the clock.
+- **`Min. online share %`** — how much of the population stays online at the
+  quietest hour.
+- **`Bots pay reset costs`** — whether bots pay the configured zen and item
+  costs for their resets. Off by default: they take no part in the economy those
+  costs are balanced for.
+- **`Jewel stock per kind`** — how many Jewels of Bless, Soul and Life a bot
+  keeps of each kind. Above it, it stops picking them up and sells what it
+  already carries. Depends on the server's drop rates: on high rates a small
+  stock keeps the backpack free, on low rates a larger one is never reached
+  anyway.
+- **`Potion stock charges`** — how many charges of healing and of mana potions a
+  bot restocks to at a merchant. Depends on what the shops sell: a server whose
+  potions come in stacks of 255 fills the target in a single purchase.
+- **`Reset bots`** — deletes the whole population and generates it again, then
+  clears itself. With the number of accounts set to zero it deletes without
+  generating anything.
+- **`Purge bots`** — deletes the whole population WITHOUT generating a new one,
+  and switches the feature off. It works with the feature enabled or disabled;
+  the switch-off is what makes it a purge, since the same pass would otherwise
+  create the population again right after deleting it. Clears itself afterwards.
+
+## What a bot does
+
+### Hunting and travelling
+
+A bot hunts where the monsters actually are: it scans its surroundings for live
+monsters instead of walking to a spawn point which may be empty. Long distances
+are covered with a cached route over the whole map, walked a few steps at a
+time, so the bot can stop and fight on the way.
+
+It only engages what it can survive. The decision is made against the monster's
+real damage, defense and attack rate versus the bot's own defense, health and
+chance to be hit — a monster's nominal level says little about its punch on the
+high-end maps. An agility build's dodge therefore counts as the defense it
+really is, and better gear opens tougher maps, exactly like for a player.
+
+Map access follows the game's warp list, and a bot travels on a player's terms:
+it enters a map only if its level may legally warp there, it meets the map's own
+requirements, and it pays the warp's fare out of its own Zen. A bot which finds
+itself on a map it may not be on (after a reset, for instance) leaves for the
+best map it may use. The map it reached is persisted, so a restarted bot wakes up
+where it stopped.
+
+Which map it goes to is drawn rather than maximized. The maps of a level band
+differ by a few monster levels, so always taking the strongest one made it every
+bot's answer and left the rest of the band deserted. The best map still wins
+about a third of the picks and the runners-up split the rest, so the population
+spreads over the maps a player of that band would choose between. Every map in
+the draw is one the bot may legally reach, can afford, and which is better than
+where it stands - the draw only decides between improvements.
+
+A map can pass every check and still pay nothing: the monsters the bot may fight
+are a rare kind among ones it must refuse, or other hunters empty the grounds
+first. The bot notices the way a player would, by having landed no hit in
+minutes, and steps down to easier ground one notch at a time until it finds
+something it can farm; the regular map choice carries it back up as its level and
+gear recover. A bot which cannot afford any trip at all walks home to its class
+town for free, so it is never stranded on ground it cannot earn on.
+
+### Fighting and progressing
+
+A bot fights with the strongest skill of its class it has learned and can pay
+for; casters keep their distance and drink mana. Between skills worth about the
+same it takes the one with the longer reach - the flat bonus of a spell is a
+rounding error next to a high-level character's own damage, while three tiles of
+range are three tiles at any level. Skills the game only activates during a
+castle siege are left out, and so are a pet's skills unless the pet is actually
+equipped: Plasma Storm draws its damage from the Fenrir, but the attribute behind
+it is derived from the character's own stats, so nothing but the pet slot tells a
+mounted character from one riding nothing. Skills are learned against the
+game's own requirements — total energy, leadership, character level — at
+generation and again on every level-up, and the class buffs are kept up on their
+own.
+
+A skill the character cannot currently cast is passed over, in the attack
+rotation and in the buffs alike. That is not the same as not having learned it: a
+reset keeps every skill but takes back the level which unlocked it, so a veteran
+back at level 12 still owns Swell Life, which asks for level 120. The game
+refuses such a cast silently, so a character which kept trying would simply stand
+there — buffing something that never takes effect, and never getting as far as
+attacking.
+
+Level-up points follow a per-class build modelled on what players actually play:
+an agility/shield meta on reset servers, guide-style builds on classic ones,
+chosen automatically by whether the reset feature is configured. Classes with
+two viable archetypes (a warrior or a wizard Magic Gladiator, a pure or an
+energy Blade Knight) roll one per bot, and a stat which hits a server's maximum
+overflows into the rest of the build.
+
+Bots evolve like players do. The second-generation class change happens at level
+200 — the same assignment the class-change quest performs — and the master class
+at the game's maximum level, followed by a relog, because the master attributes
+only mount when a character enters the world. Master points go into the master
+skill tree through the regular action, with its rank gates and skill
+requirements, preferring passives which boost a stat and strengtheners of skills
+the bot actually uses; a bonus tied to a weapon type the bot does not fight with
+is never bought. On a server with the reset feature, a bot only masters once its
+reset limit is exhausted — while resets remain, resetting is what players do, so
+the bots do it too.
+
+A mastered bot changes what it hunts. Master experience is only granted for
+monsters of at least `Minimum monster level for master experience` (95 in the
+default configuration), and a character at the maximum level earns nothing
+else — so below that line a kill pays a mastered bot nothing at all. It
+therefore looks for maps which hold such monsters, and takes the weakest ones
+above the line rather than the strongest: master experience hardly grows with
+the monster's level, so the cheapest kill above it is the best one. Those
+monsters carry 40.000+ health, well beyond the hit budget a bot's usual gear
+affords, so the budget is stretched for them — a slow fight it survives beats a
+quick one worth nothing. What is not stretched is its survivability: a monster
+whose hits the bot cannot take is refused, mastered or not.
+
+### Items and money
+
+Dropped gear is judged before it is picked up: a bot collects what it can wear
+and what is worth money, and leaves the rest lying. An upgrade is put on through
+the regular move-item action, with the whole swap planned first — which slot,
+and which pieces have to come off, including the other hand for a two-handed
+weapon. If the engine refuses the equip after all, the old gear goes straight
+back on. The replaced piece stays in the backpack and is sold on the next trip
+to town, rather than being dropped where the next bot would pick it up again.
+
+A merchant trip is the only moment a bot can turn loot into anything, so it goes
+whenever it has something to gain there: the backpack is filling with junk, the
+potions are running low, a jewel is waiting to be used, or a surplus is waiting
+to be sold. Restocking needs the means to pay for it, though - Zen, or loot to
+sell once it is there. A broke bot buys nothing, so the trip would leave it just
+as short as it set out, and it would set out again instead of hunting, which is
+the only way it could have earned the money. It picks the merchant which sells what it needs right now, and on a
+map whose merchants sell no potions while it needs some, it warps home to a real
+town instead. While the shop dialog visibly occupies it, the bot sells its junk,
+repairs its gear — which is what earns the NPC's discount — and buys potions and,
+where a shop offers them, jewels.
+
+Only Jewels of Bless, Soul and Life are collected, and only up to the configured
+stock: a bot cannot trade or craft, so any other kind would be a backpack slot it
+never gets back. They are spent on its own equipment through the regular consume
+action, with the same success rates and failure penalties a player faces, and
+with the caution a player shows: a Soul is only risked where a failure cannot
+destroy the item's level.
+
+A bot which reaches the server's maximum inventory money can no longer sell
+anything — the money simply does not fit. What it cannot sell it keeps, and
+destroys only what has no other way out: jewels beyond its stock, and, while the
+backpack is genuinely full, junk gear. The repair bill is what normally keeps it
+away from that limit in the first place.
+
+Wings do not drop, so bots earn them at the classic milestones instead — the
+first pair at level 180, the second at 280 and the third, master-only pair at
+400. Which class wears which pair comes from the item data, and the outgrown
+pair is destroyed rather than dropped.
+
+### Mini game events
+
+A bot never enters Blood Castle, Devil Square or Chaos Castle on its own — it
+has no ticket and does not farm for one. It enters when a player who leads a
+party with bots enters with their own ticket: the leader's entry legitimizes the
+visit for the whole group.
+
+Each bot is checked against the entry restrictions a player faces (the level
+bracket, including the separate one for the special characters, the master-class
+requirement, the player-killer rule). A bot which does not qualify leaves the
+party and goes back to its own life instead of blocking the entry.
+
+Inside, its open-world routine is suspended: no shopping, no map changes, no
+boredom, no grudges. It fights what the event throws at it and keeps up with the
+leader. Chaos Castle is a free-for-all, so there the other participants are
+targets like everyone else — and a fight inside leaves no grudge outside. A bot
+which dies respawns in the safezone like a player, which takes it out of the
+event; the survivors are warped out when the event ends.
+
+### Company and rhythm
+
+Bots hunt in parties of two to five, grouped by level so the whole party can
+hunt the leader's maps. The elf heals, the buffs are shared, the party
+experience bonus applies. Parties re-form every hour.
+
+A player may invite a bot into their own party: it accepts after a human-like
+pause of a few seconds, as long as it is not in the middle of an errand. There is
+no level gate — just like OpenMU's own party action, a bot accepts an inviter of
+any level, since it is the player who invites and the bot leaves once it gets
+bored. A living player takes precedence over the bot's own company
+— a bot hunting with other bots leaves them for the inviter, and breaks that bot
+party up if it was leading it, so a player never has to guess which bot happens
+to be free. In a party the bot follows its leader, defers a due reset, and
+eventually leaves politely: when the leader enters a map it may not access,
+before its own logout, or simply when it gets bored.
+
+A bot fights back when a player attacks it, but only as far as the game's own
+PvP rules allow: inside the active self-defense window, or against a player
+already flagged as a killer. It can therefore never be provoked into becoming an
+outlaw that players could farm for free. It remembers who hit it, and a killed
+bot walks back to its killer — waiting for a legal opening rather than taking
+one.
+
+Over the day, the presence rotation logs bots in and out: fewest in the early
+morning, most in the evening, and never more than one at a time, so the
+population ebbs and flows instead of appearing and vanishing in blocks.
+
+### Keeping itself alive
+
+The engine's attribute system is not thread-safe, and a lost race can corrupt a
+character's attribute graph for good. A bot which hits it stops playing and
+throws on every following tick. Rather than leave it lying there, a bot counts
+the ticks which fail in a row and, after twenty of them, has itself restarted: a
+fresh login rebuilds the attribute graph and heals it — the same thing a player
+would do. A single failing tick is skipped, as before.
+
+## What it costs
+
+Measured on a 12-core host, as a rough guide for capacity planning:
+
+| Population | CPU | Memory |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| 250 bots | ~0.35 core | ~760 MB |
+| 1100 bots | ~1.7 cores | ~1.2 GiB |
+
+Generating a fresh population costs about a second per account (the password
+hash dominates); starting an existing one of 1100 bots takes some 15 seconds.
+
+## Known limitations
+
+- **The engine's races are hit more often.** Neither `MagicEffectsList` nor
+  `ComposableAttribute` is thread-safe, and a thousand bots run into them more
+  often than human players do: a few caught exceptions per minute. A bot whose
+  attribute graph gets corrupted restarts itself (see above); a real fix belongs
+  into the engine, not into the bots.
+- **Master skills which cost ten points at once are never learned.** A bot
+  invests every point as it earns it, so it never holds ten of them, and the
+  branches of the tree behind such a skill stay untouched.
+- **The Summoner's enemy debuffs (Sleep, Weakness, Innovation) are unused.**
+  Deliberate: they would be cast through the buff rotation, which would have the
+  bot put itself to sleep. A cast-on-enemy path in the combat handler would be
+  needed.
+- **Bots never buy equipment.** They wear what they find, so their gear lags
+  behind their level, and a bot at the maximum level is weaker than a player of
+  the same level would be. It is the reason a mastered bot needs a stretched hit
+  budget to reach the monsters which pay master experience at all. Letting bots
+  spend their money on gear would close the loop; they earn plenty of it.
+- **Bots do no quests and do not trade with players.** Deliberate scope. The
+  quests which matter for progression (the class changes) are performed
+  directly, and trading would be an abuse surface.
+- **Adding a game server to a running deployment does not spread the bots onto
+  it before a restart.** Deliberate: moving a bot between two running servers
+  would animate one account from two persistence contexts, which corrupts the
+  character.
+
+## Enabling it on a server
+
+1. Enable the *Bots* plugin and set the number of accounts. Each account
+   animates up to five characters, so 50 accounts × 5 = 250 bots.
+2. Check that the population fits. The bots of a game server may occupy
+   `Bot capacity %` of its player limit — with the default of 60 %, a server for
+   1000 players hosts up to 600 bots. What does not fit stays offline, and the
+   plugin says so in the log: raise the player limit, raise the share, or add a
+   game server, over which the population then spreads by itself.
+3. Restart the server. The population is generated on the first start and
+   reloaded afterwards.
+4. To build a fresh population, set `Reset bots`: it deletes the old one,
+   generates a new one, and clears the flag again.
+5. To stop the bots without losing them, uncheck `Enabled`: they log out within
+   a few seconds and nothing is deleted, so checking it again brings the same
+   characters back. To get rid of them for good, set `Purge bots` — it deletes
+   every bot account with its characters, items and storages, and leaves the
+   feature switched off.

docs/Packets/C1-1B-MagicEffectCancelRequest_by-client.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 ## Is sent when
 
-A player cancels a specific magic effect of a skill, usually 'Infinity Arrow' and 'Wizardy Enhance'.
+A player cancels a specific magic effect of a skill, usually 'Infinity Arrow' and 'Wizardry Enhance'.
 
 ## Causes the following actions on the server side
 

docs/Packets/C1-F5-00-ChatCommandListRequest_by-client.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# C1 F5 00 - ChatCommandListRequest (by client)
+
+## Is sent when
+
+A client which supports a user interface for chat commands requests the list of commands which are available to the player. It's usually sent after the character entered the game world.
+
+## Causes the following actions on the server side
+
+The server sends an AvailableChatCommand message for each available chat command.
+
+## Structure
+
+| Index | Length | Data Type | Value | Description |
+|-------|--------|-----------|-------|-------------|
+| 0 | 1 |   Byte   | 0xC1  | [Packet type](PacketTypes.md) |
+| 1 | 1 |    Byte   |   4   | Packet header - length of the packet |
+| 2 | 1 |    Byte   | 0xF5  | Packet header - packet type identifier |
+| 3 | 1 |    Byte   | 0x00  | Packet header - sub packet type identifier |

docs/Packets/C1-FA-HeykelSavasiOpenTeamPanel_by-server.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# C1 FA - HeykelSavasiOpenTeamPanel (by server)
+
+## Is sent when
+
+The Heykel Savasi (Statue War) event is available and the team selection panel should be shown to the player.
+
+## Causes the following actions on the client side
+
+The client opens the team selection panel, showing the current balance of red and blue team members.
+
+## Structure
+
+| Index | Length | Data Type | Value | Description |
+|-------|--------|-----------|-------|-------------|
+| 0 | 1 |   Byte   | 0xC1  | [Packet type](PacketTypes.md) |
+| 1 | 1 |    Byte   |   5   | Packet header - length of the packet |
+| 2 | 1 |    Byte   | 0xFA  | Packet header - packet type identifier |
+| 3 | 1 | Byte |  | RedCount |
+| 4 | 1 | Byte |  | BlueCount |

docs/Packets/C1-FA-HeykelSavasiTeamSelect_by-client.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# C1 FA - HeykelSavasiTeamSelect (by client)
+
+## Is sent when
+
+A player selects a team (Red or Blue) in the Heykel Savasi (Statue War) team selection panel.
+
+## Causes the following actions on the server side
+
+The server assigns the player to the requested team, if possible, and updates the event state accordingly.
+
+## Structure
+
+| Index | Length | Data Type | Value | Description |
+|-------|--------|-----------|-------|-------------|
+| 0 | 1 |   Byte   | 0xC1  | [Packet type](PacketTypes.md) |
+| 1 | 1 |    Byte   |   4   | Packet header - length of the packet |
+| 2 | 1 |    Byte   | 0xFA  | Packet header - packet type identifier |
+| 3 | 1 | Byte |  | Team; 1 = Red team, 2 = Blue team. |

docs/Packets/C1-FB-HeykelSavasiHudState_by-server.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# C1 FB - HeykelSavasiHudState (by server)
+
+## Is sent when
+
+Periodically (about once per second) while the Heykel Savasi (Statue War) event is open for registration, in its pre-battle countdown, or being played.
+
+## Causes the following actions on the client side
+
+The client updates its Heykel Savasi HUD panel (team counts, statue progress, and remaining time).
+
+## Structure
+
+| Index | Length | Data Type | Value | Description |
+|-------|--------|-----------|-------|-------------|
+| 0 | 1 |   Byte   | 0xC1  | [Packet type](PacketTypes.md) |
+| 1 | 1 |    Byte   |   11   | Packet header - length of the packet |
+| 2 | 1 |    Byte   | 0xFB  | Packet header - packet type identifier |
+| 3 | 1 | Byte |  | Phase; 0 = registration open, 1 = preparation countdown, 2 = battle, 3 = ended. |
+| 4 | 1 | Byte |  | MyTeam; 0 = none, 1 = red, 2 = blue. |
+| 5 | 1 | Byte |  | RedCount |
+| 6 | 1 | Byte |  | BlueCount |
+| 7 | 1 | Byte |  | RedProgress; The number (0-7) of statues the red team has destroyed of the blue team's line. |
+| 8 | 1 | Byte |  | BlueProgress; The number (0-7) of statues the blue team has destroyed of the red team's line. |
+| 9 | 2 | ShortBigEndian |  | RemainingSeconds; The number of seconds left in the current phase. |

docs/Packets/C1-FC-HeykelSavasiTeamRoster_by-server.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# C1 FC - HeykelSavasiTeamRoster (by server)
+
+## Is sent when
+
+Periodically (about once every one to two seconds) while the Heykel Savasi (Statue War) event is open for registration, in its pre-battle countdown, or being played.
+
+## Causes the following actions on the client side
+
+The client tints each listed nearby player red or blue according to its team.
+
+## Structure
+
+| Index | Length | Data Type | Value | Description |
+|-------|--------|-----------|-------|-------------|
+| 0 | 1 |   Byte   | 0xC1  | [Packet type](PacketTypes.md) |
+| 1 | 1 |    Byte   |      | Packet header - length of the packet |
+| 2 | 1 |    Byte   | 0xFC  | Packet header - packet type identifier |
+| 3 | 1 | Byte |  | Count; The number of player-team entries which follow. |
+| 4 | PlayerTeam.Length * Count | Array of PlayerTeam |  | Players |
+
+### PlayerTeam Structure
+
+Maps a player's network id to its Heykel Savasi team.
+
+Length: 3 Bytes
+
+| Index | Length | Data Type | Value | Description |
+|-------|--------|-----------|-------|-------------|
+| 0 | 2 | ShortBigEndian |  | PlayerId; The network id of the player (same id used in the viewport/appearance packets). |
+| 2 | 1 | Byte |  | Team; 1 = red, 2 = blue. |

docs/Packets/C1-FD-HeykelSavasiScoreboard_by-server.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# C1 FD - HeykelSavasiScoreboard (by server)
+
+## Is sent when
+
+Periodically (about once every one to two seconds) while the TvT Event (Statue War) is being played.
+
+## Causes the following actions on the client side
+
+The client updates its TvT Event scoreboard panel, listing the top contributing characters ordered by statue damage.
+
+## Structure
+
+| Index | Length | Data Type | Value | Description |
+|-------|--------|-----------|-------|-------------|
+| 0 | 1 |   Byte   | 0xC1  | [Packet type](PacketTypes.md) |
+| 1 | 1 |    Byte   |      | Packet header - length of the packet |
+| 2 | 1 |    Byte   | 0xFD  | Packet header - packet type identifier |
+| 3 | 1 | Byte |  | Count; The number of scoreboard entries which follow. |
+| 4 | ScoreEntry.Length * Count | Array of ScoreEntry |  | Entries |
+
+### ScoreEntry Structure
+
+A character's TvT Event contribution: kills, statues broken, and total statue damage.
+
+Length: 17 Bytes
+
+| Index | Length | Data Type | Value | Description |
+|-------|--------|-----------|-------|-------------|
+| 0 | 10 | String |  | Name; The character name. |
+| 10 | 2 | ShortBigEndian |  | Kills; Number of enemy-team players this character killed. |
+| 12 | 1 | Byte |  | Statues; Number of statues this character broke (dealt the killing blow to). |
+| 13 | 4 | IntegerBigEndian |  | Damage; Total damage this character dealt to statues. |

docs/Packets/C2-F5-01-AvailableChatCommand_by-server.md

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# C2 F5 01 - AvailableChatCommand (by server)
+
+## Is sent when
+
+After the client requested the list of available chat commands. One message is sent for each command which is available to the player.
+
+## Causes the following actions on the client side
+
+The client adds the command to its list of known commands, so that it can offer them to the player without requiring him to know or type them.
+
+## Structure
+
+| Index | Length | Data Type | Value | Description |
+|-------|--------|-----------|-------|-------------|
+| 0 | 1 |   Byte   | 0xC2  | [Packet type](PacketTypes.md) |
+| 1 | 2 |    Short   |      | Packet header - length of the packet |
+| 3 | 1 |    Byte   | 0xF5  | Packet header - packet type identifier |
+| 4 | 1 |    Byte   | 0x01  | Packet header - sub packet type identifier |
+| 5 | 1 | Byte |  | Index; The index of this command within the list, starting at 0. |
+| 6 | 1 | Byte |  | Count; The total number of commands which are available to the player, so that the client knows when it received all of them. |
+| 7 | 1 | CharacterStatus |  | MinimumCharacterStatus; The character status which is required to execute the command. |
+| 8 | 1 | Byte |  | ParameterCount |
+| 9 | 32 | String |  | Command; The command including its slash, e.g. '/item'. |
+| 41 | 48 | String |  | Name; The name of the command, in the language of the player. |
+| 89 | 256 | String |  | Description; The description of the command, in the language of the player. |
+| 345 | ChatCommandParameter.Length * ParameterCount | Array of ChatCommandParameter |  | Parameters; The parameters of the command, in the order in which they are expected when they are entered without their short names. |
+
+### ChatCommandParameter Structure
+
+Describes one parameter of a chat command, so that a user interface can offer an input for it.
+
+Length: 102 Bytes
+
+| Index | Length | Data Type | Value | Description |
+|-------|--------|-----------|-------|-------------|
+| 0 | 1 | Boolean |  | IsRequired; Defines if the parameter has to be specified to execute the command. |
+| 1 | 1 | ChatCommandParameterType |  | Type; The kind of value which is expected, so that a fitting input can be shown. |
+| 2 | 32 | String |  | Name |
+| 34 | 20 | String |  | ShortName; The short name which is used in the 'shortName=value' notation. It's empty when the parameter can only be passed by its position. |
+| 54 | 48 | String |  | ValidValues; The accepted values, separated by a pipe. It's empty when the parameter isn't limited to a set of values. |
+
+### ChatCommandParameterType Enum
+
+The kind of value which a chat command parameter expects.
+
+| Value | Name | Description |
+|-------|------|-------------|
+| 0 | Text | The parameter expects a text. |
+| 1 | Number | The parameter expects a number. |
+| 2 | Boolean | The parameter expects a 0 or a 1. |
+
+### CharacterStatus Enum
+
+The status of a character.
+
+| Value | Name | Description |
+|-------|------|-------------|
+| 0 | Normal | The state of the character is normal. |
+| 1 | Banned | The character is banned from the game. |
+| 32 | GameMaster | The character is a game master. |

docs/Packets/ClientToServer.md

@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@
   * [C1 F3 15 - FocusCharacter (by client)](C1-F3-15-FocusCharacter_by-client.md)
   * [C1 F3 30 - SaveKeyConfiguration (by client)](C1-F3-30-SaveKeyConfiguration_by-client.md)
   * [C1 F3 52 - AddMasterSkillPoint (by client)](C1-F3-52-AddMasterSkillPoint_by-client.md)
+  * [C1 F5 00 - ChatCommandListRequest (by client)](C1-F5-00-ChatCommandListRequest_by-client.md)
   * [C1 F6 0A - QuestSelectRequest (by client)](C1-F6-0A-QuestSelectRequest_by-client.md)
   * [C1 F6 0B - QuestProceedRequest (by client)](C1-F6-0B-QuestProceedRequest_by-client.md)
   * [C1 F6 0D - QuestCompletionRequest (by client)](C1-F6-0D-QuestCompletionRequest_by-client.md)
@@ -194,3 +195,4 @@
   * [C1 F8 03 - GensLeaveRequest (by client)](C1-F8-03-GensLeaveRequest_by-client.md)
   * [C1 F8 09 - GensRewardRequest (by client)](C1-F8-09-GensRewardRequest_by-client.md)
   * [C1 F8 0B - GensRankingRequest (by client)](C1-F8-0B-GensRankingRequest_by-client.md)
+  * [C1 FA - HeykelSavasiTeamSelect (by client)](C1-FA-HeykelSavasiTeamSelect_by-client.md)

docs/Packets/ServerToClient.md

@@ -230,6 +230,7 @@
   * [C1 F3 51 - MasterCharacterLevelUpdateExtended (by server)](C1-F3-51-MasterCharacterLevelUpdateExtended_by-server.md)
   * [C1 F3 52 - MasterSkillLevelUpdate (by server)](C1-F3-52-MasterSkillLevelUpdate_by-server.md)
   * [C2 F3 53 - MasterSkillList (by server)](C2-F3-53-MasterSkillList_by-server.md)
+  * [C2 F5 01 - AvailableChatCommand (by server)](C2-F5-01-AvailableChatCommand_by-server.md)
   * [C1 F6 03 - QuestEventResponse (by server)](C1-F6-03-QuestEventResponse_by-server.md)
   * [C1 F6 0A - AvailableQuests (by server)](C1-F6-0A-AvailableQuests_by-server.md)
   * [C1 F6 0B - QuestStepInfo (by server)](C1-F6-0B-QuestStepInfo_by-server.md)
@@ -241,3 +242,7 @@
   * [C1 F6 1B - QuestState (by server)](C1-F6-1B-QuestState_by-server.md)
   * [C2 F6 1B - QuestStateExtended (by server)](C2-F6-1B-QuestStateExtended_by-server.md)
   * [C3 F9 01 - OpenNpcDialog (by server)](C3-F9-01-OpenNpcDialog_by-server.md)
+  * [C1 FA - HeykelSavasiOpenTeamPanel (by server)](C1-FA-HeykelSavasiOpenTeamPanel_by-server.md)
+  * [C1 FB - HeykelSavasiHudState (by server)](C1-FB-HeykelSavasiHudState_by-server.md)
+  * [C1 FC - HeykelSavasiTeamRoster (by server)](C1-FC-HeykelSavasiTeamRoster_by-server.md)
+  * [C1 FD - HeykelSavasiScoreboard (by server)](C1-FD-HeykelSavasiScoreboard_by-server.md)

docs/Readme.md

@@ -140,6 +140,9 @@ database (e.g. RavenDB).
 
 * [Master Skill System](MasterSystem.md): Description about the master skill system
 
+* [Server-side AI Bots](Bots.md): Description about the bots which populate
+the server
+
 * [GameMap](GameMap.md): Description about the GameMap implementation
 
 * [Progress](Progress.md): Information about  the feature implementation

docs/superpowers/specs/2026-07-19-poison-wings-design.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Add Poison Wing & Poison Cape — Design
+
+**Date:** 2026-07-19
+**Status:** Approved
+**Scope:** Add TWO wing items (basic: render + equippable + base defense). Source pack: `C:\Users\efpa\Downloads\asa devilzmu\asa devilzmu\6` (Wing241, Wing242).
+
+## Items
+
+| Item | Slot (group/number) | Model | Name | Classes |
+|------|---------------------|-------|------|---------|
+| Wing241 | 12 / 240 | MODEL_WING+240 | Poison Wing | Dark Knight |
+| Wing242 | 12 / 241 | MODEL_WING+241 | Poison Cape | Dark Lord + Rage Fighter |
+
+Wings are item group 12; `MODEL_WING = MODEL_ITEM + ITEM_WING (12*512)`, so item (12, N) auto-maps to model `MODEL_WING + N`. Numbers 240/241 are high/free in standard S6. Model files `Wing241.bmd`/`Wing242.bmd` load at `MODEL_WING+240`/`+241` (filename `Wing{N}` where N=number+1).
+
+## Client (vendor/MuMain → D:\AdaMu\AdaMu)
+
+1. `ZzzOpenData.cpp OpenItems()`: `AccessModel(MODEL_WING+240, L"Data\\Item\\", L"Wing", 241)` and `+241 → "Wing242"`. `OpenItemTextures()`: `OpenTexture(MODEL_WING+240/241, L"Item\\")`.
+2. Copy `Wing241.bmd` + its texture, `Wing242.bmd` + its texture → `Data\Item\`. Extract the BMD's referenced texture names (decrypt) and copy the matching files (the pack ships `.ozt`/`.tga`; the engine loads the encrypted `.OZT`/`.OZJ`, so provide those; missing effect textures now log instead of blocking).
+3. `Item_eng.bmd`: add name/stat records at slots 12/240 ("Poison Wing", DK) and 12/241 ("Poison Cape", DL+RF), via the 84-byte-record binary patcher (see `android-add-new-weapon-item`). Slot field = wing slot.
+4. Rebuild `main.exe` + deploy.
+
+## Server (AdamuSw)
+
+5. `VersionSeasonSix/Items/Wings.cs`: new method `CreatePoisonWings()` with two `CreateWing` calls — `CreateWing(240, W, H, "Poison Wing", ...DK flag...)` and `CreateWing(241, W, H, "Poison Cape", ...DL+RF flags...)`, basic defense + level table, minimal options. W/H from the item icon size (default 12x12 or per pack).
+6. Register in `Wings.Initialize()` (fresh seed) + update-plugin `AddPoisonWingsUpdateSeason6.cs` (UpdateVersion=98, idempotency guard on 12/240).
+7. `docker build` + apply via AdminPanel → Updates (existing DB) / auto on fresh seed.
+
+## Verify
+
+Give the wings to a character (AdminPanel/inventory edit), equip in the wing slot, confirm: correct name/stats in tooltip (from Item_eng.bmd), 3D model renders on the character's back, class restriction enforced.
+
+## Out of scope
+Wing options (excellent), flight, per-level ancient/socket bonuses, balance. Just render + equip + base defense.

src/Dapr/GameServer.Host/Layout/MainLayout.razor

@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 @inherits LayoutComponentBase
 
 <div class="page">
-<!--
-  <div class="sidebar">
-    <NavMenu />
-  </div>
-  <BlazoredToasts />
-    -->
   <main>
     <div class="top-row px-4">
       <BreadcrumbNavigation />

src/Dapr/GameServer.Host/_Imports.razor

@@ -9,9 +9,6 @@
 @using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Web.Virtualization
 @using Microsoft.JSInterop
 
-@using Blazored.Toast
-@using Blazored.Toast.Services
-
 @using BlazorInputFile
 
 @using MUnique.OpenMU.Web.Shared

src/DataModel/Configuration/Buff.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// <copyright file="Buff.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration;
+
+using MUnique.OpenMU.Annotations;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A buff which can be granted by an NPC.
+/// </summary>
+[Cloneable]
+public partial class Buff
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the magic effect definition which defines the buff and its duration.
+    /// </summary>
+    [MemberOfAggregate]
+    public virtual MagicEffectDefinition? MagicEffectDefinition { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the minimum character level to be allowed to receive this buff. Optional.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int? MinimumLevel { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the maximum character level to be allowed to receive this buff. Optional.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int? MaximumLevel { get; set; }
+}

src/DataModel/Configuration/CastleSiegeConfiguration.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// <copyright file="CastleSiegeConfiguration.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration;
+
+using MUnique.OpenMU.Annotations;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration.Items;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Main configuration for the castle siege event.
+/// </summary>
+[Cloneable]
+public partial class CastleSiegeConfiguration
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the castle siege feature is enabled.
+    /// </summary>
+    public bool Enabled { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the number of seconds a guild must hold the crown to capture the castle.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int CrownHoldTimeSeconds { get; set; } = 30;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the minimum combined level of a guild master required to register for the siege.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int RegisterMinLevel { get; set; } = 200;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the minimum number of guild members required to register for the siege.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int RegisterMinMembers { get; set; } = 20;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the minimum number of seconds a participant must be present in the battle to be eligible for a reward.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int ParticipantRewardMinSeconds { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the maximum number of attacking alliance slots.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int MaxAttackingGuilds { get; set; } = 3;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the guild score awarded to the guild that wins the siege.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int GuildScoreCastleSiege { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the guild score awarded to alliance member guilds of the winning side.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int GuildScoreCastleSiegeMembers { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the Zen cost for the castle owner to re-purchase a destroyed gate.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int GateBuyPrice { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the Zen cost for the castle owner to re-purchase a destroyed statue.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int StatueBuyPrice { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the map definition for the Valley of Loren (map 30), where the siege takes place.
+    /// </summary>
+    public virtual GameMapDefinition? CastleSiegeMapDefinition { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the map definition for the Land of Trials (map 31), the castle-owner's exclusive zone.
+    /// </summary>
+    public virtual GameMapDefinition? LandOfTrialsMapDefinition { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the item definition for the participation reward item.
+    /// </summary>
+    public virtual ItemDefinition? RewardItemDefinition { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the schedule entries that define when each siege state begins.
+    /// </summary>
+    [MemberOfAggregate]
+    public virtual ICollection<CastleSiegeStateScheduleEntry> StateSchedule { get; protected set; } = null!;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the definitions for all castle siege NPCs (gates, statues, etc.).
+    /// </summary>
+    [MemberOfAggregate]
+    public virtual ICollection<CastleSiegeNpcDefinition> NpcDefinitions { get; protected set; } = null!;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the upgrade levels for gate defense.
+    /// </summary>
+    [MemberOfAggregate]
+    public virtual ICollection<CastleSiegeUpgradeDefinition> GateDefenseUpgrades { get; protected set; } = null!;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the upgrade levels for gate maximum HP.
+    /// </summary>
+    [MemberOfAggregate]
+    public virtual ICollection<CastleSiegeUpgradeDefinition> GateLifeUpgrades { get; protected set; } = null!;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the upgrade levels for statue defense.
+    /// </summary>
+    [MemberOfAggregate]
+    public virtual ICollection<CastleSiegeUpgradeDefinition> StatueDefenseUpgrades { get; protected set; } = null!;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the upgrade levels for statue maximum HP.
+    /// </summary>
+    [MemberOfAggregate]
+    public virtual ICollection<CastleSiegeUpgradeDefinition> StatueLifeUpgrades { get; protected set; } = null!;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the upgrade levels for statue HP regeneration.
+    /// </summary>
+    [MemberOfAggregate]
+    public virtual ICollection<CastleSiegeUpgradeDefinition> StatueRegenUpgrades { get; protected set; } = null!;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the zones on the siege map where attacking siege machines may be placed.
+    /// </summary>
+    [MemberOfAggregate]
+    public virtual ICollection<CastleSiegeZoneDefinition> AttackMachineZones { get; protected set; } = null!;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the zones on the siege map where defensive siege machines may be placed.
+    /// </summary>
+    [MemberOfAggregate]
+    public virtual ICollection<CastleSiegeZoneDefinition> DefenseMachineZones { get; protected set; } = null!;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the zone where defending players respawn during the siege.
+    /// </summary>
+    [MemberOfAggregate]
+    public virtual CastleSiegeZoneDefinition? DefenseRespawnArea { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the zone where attacking players respawn during the siege.
+    /// </summary>
+    [MemberOfAggregate]
+    public virtual CastleSiegeZoneDefinition? AttackRespawnArea { get; set; }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public override string ToString()
+    {
+        return "Castle Siege Configuration";
+    }
+}

src/DataModel/Configuration/CastleSiegeJoinSide.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// <copyright file="CastleSiegeJoinSide.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Defines the side (defending or attacking) a guild or NPC belongs to in the castle siege.
+/// </summary>
+public enum CastleSiegeJoinSide : byte
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// No side assigned.
+    /// </summary>
+    None = 0,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The defending guild side.
+    /// </summary>
+    Defense = 1,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The first attacking alliance slot.
+    /// </summary>
+    Attack1 = 2,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The second attacking alliance slot.
+    /// </summary>
+    Attack2 = 3,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The third attacking alliance slot.
+    /// </summary>
+    Attack3 = 4,
+}

src/DataModel/Configuration/CastleSiegeNpcDefinition.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// <copyright file="CastleSiegeNpcDefinition.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration;
+
+using MUnique.OpenMU.Annotations;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Defines a castle siege NPC instance, including its spawn location, side, and persistence settings.
+/// </summary>
+[Cloneable]
+public partial class CastleSiegeNpcDefinition
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the monster definition template for this NPC.
+    /// </summary>
+    public virtual MonsterDefinition? MonsterDefinition { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the unique instance identifier within its NPC type.
+    /// </summary>
+    public byte InstanceId { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether this NPC's state is persisted to the database between sieges.
+    /// </summary>
+    public bool IsPersistedToDatabase { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the default join side this NPC belongs to.
+    /// </summary>
+    public CastleSiegeJoinSide DefaultSide { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the X coordinate of the NPC's spawn position.
+    /// </summary>
+    public byte SpawnX { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the Y coordinate of the NPC's spawn position.
+    /// </summary>
+    public byte SpawnY { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the facing direction of the NPC at spawn.
+    /// </summary>
+    public Direction Direction { get; set; }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public override string ToString()
+    {
+        return $"{this.MonsterDefinition} #{this.InstanceId} at ({this.SpawnX},{this.SpawnY})";
+    }
+}

src/DataModel/Configuration/CastleSiegeState.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// <copyright file="CastleSiegeState.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// The state of the castle siege event cycle.
+/// </summary>
+public enum CastleSiegeState : byte
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Idle state before guild registration opens.
+    /// </summary>
+    Idle1 = 0,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Guilds may register for the siege.
+    /// </summary>
+    RegisterGuild = 1,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Idle state after guild registration.
+    /// </summary>
+    Idle2 = 2,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Guilds may register emblems (Marks of Lord) to determine the attacking guilds.
+    /// </summary>
+    RegisterMark = 3,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Idle state after mark registration.
+    /// </summary>
+    Idle3 = 4,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Players are notified that the siege is about to start.
+    /// </summary>
+    Notify = 5,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The siege map is prepared and entry is allowed.
+    /// </summary>
+    Ready = 6,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The siege battle is in progress.
+    /// </summary>
+    Start = 7,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The siege battle has ended and results are being processed.
+    /// </summary>
+    End = 8,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The full siege cycle has completed.
+    /// </summary>
+    EndCycle = 9,
+}

src/DataModel/Configuration/CastleSiegeStateScheduleEntry.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// <copyright file="CastleSiegeStateScheduleEntry.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration;
+
+using MUnique.OpenMU.Annotations;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Defines a scheduled transition to a specific <see cref="CastleSiegeState"/> at a given day and time.
+/// </summary>
+[Cloneable]
+public partial class CastleSiegeStateScheduleEntry
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the siege state that becomes active at the scheduled time.
+    /// </summary>
+    public CastleSiegeState State { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the day of the week on which this state transition occurs.
+    /// </summary>
+    public DayOfWeek DayOfWeek { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the hour (0–23) at which this state transition occurs.
+    /// </summary>
+    public byte Hour { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the minute (0–59) at which this state transition occurs.
+    /// </summary>
+    public byte Minute { get; set; }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public override string ToString()
+    {
+        return $"{this.State} on {this.DayOfWeek} at {this.Hour:D2}:{this.Minute:D2}";
+    }
+}

src/DataModel/Configuration/CastleSiegeUpgradeDefinition.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// <copyright file="CastleSiegeUpgradeDefinition.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration;
+
+using MUnique.OpenMU.Annotations;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Defines one level of an upgrade that the castle owner can apply to a gate or statue NPC.
+/// </summary>
+[Cloneable]
+public partial class CastleSiegeUpgradeDefinition
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the upgrade level (0–3), where 0 represents the base/unupgraded state.
+    /// </summary>
+    public byte Level { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the number of Jewels of Guardian required to perform this upgrade.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int RequiredJewelOfGuardianCount { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the amount of Zen required to perform this upgrade.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int RequiredZen { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the resulting stat value granted by this upgrade level (defense or max HP).
+    /// </summary>
+    public int Value { get; set; }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public override string ToString()
+    {
+        return $"Level {this.Level}: Value={this.Value}, Jewels={this.RequiredJewelOfGuardianCount}, Zen={this.RequiredZen}";
+    }
+}

src/DataModel/Configuration/CastleSiegeUpgradeType.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// <copyright file="CastleSiegeUpgradeType.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// The type of upgrade applied to a castle siege NPC (gate or statue).
+/// </summary>
+public enum CastleSiegeUpgradeType : byte
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// No upgrade type assigned.
+    /// </summary>
+    Undefined = 0,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Increases the defense stat of the NPC.
+    /// </summary>
+    Defense = 1,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Increases the HP regeneration rate of the NPC.
+    /// </summary>
+    Regen = 2,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Increases the maximum HP of the NPC.
+    /// </summary>
+    Life = 3,
+}

src/DataModel/Configuration/CastleSiegeZoneDefinition.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// <copyright file="CastleSiegeZoneDefinition.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration;
+
+using MUnique.OpenMU.Annotations;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Defines a rectangular zone on the castle siege map, used for spawn areas and machine zones.
+/// </summary>
+[Cloneable]
+public partial class CastleSiegeZoneDefinition
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the top-left X coordinate of the zone.
+    /// </summary>
+    public byte X1 { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the top-left Y coordinate of the zone.
+    /// </summary>
+    public byte Y1 { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the bottom-right X coordinate of the zone.
+    /// </summary>
+    public byte X2 { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the bottom-right Y coordinate of the zone.
+    /// </summary>
+    public byte Y2 { get; set; }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public override string ToString()
+    {
+        return $"{this.X1} / {this.Y1} to {this.X2} / {this.Y2}";
+    }
+}

src/DataModel/Configuration/GameConfiguration.cs

@@ -300,6 +300,12 @@ public partial class GameConfiguration
     [MemberOfAggregate]
     public virtual ICollection<MiniGameDefinition> MiniGameDefinitions { get; protected set; } = null!;
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the castle siege configuration.
+    /// </summary>
+    [MemberOfAggregate]
+    public virtual CastleSiegeConfiguration? CastleSiegeConfiguration { get; set; }
+
     /// <inheritdoc />
     public override string ToString()
     {

src/DataModel/Configuration/MiniGameType.cs

@@ -38,4 +38,9 @@ public enum MiniGameType
     /// The doppelganger event.
     /// </summary>
     Doppelganger,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The heykel savasi event.
+    /// </summary>
+    HeykelSavasi,
 }

src/DataModel/Configuration/MonsterDefinition.cs

@@ -165,6 +165,16 @@ public enum NpcWindow
     /// The dialog for the legacy quest system.
     /// </summary>
     LegacyQuest,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The castle siege gate NPC interaction window.
+    /// </summary>
+    CastleSiegeGateNpc,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The castle siege lever NPC interaction window.
+    /// </summary>
+    CastleSiegeLeverNpc,
 }
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -328,6 +338,12 @@ public partial class MonsterDefinition
     [MemberOfAggregate]
     public virtual ICollection<QuestDefinition> Quests { get; protected set; } = null!;
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the buffs which can be granted by this npc.
+    /// </summary>
+    [MemberOfAggregate]
+    public virtual ICollection<Buff> Buffs { get; protected set; } = null!;
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Attribute default accessor.
     /// </summary>

src/DataModel/Entities/Account.cs

@@ -130,6 +130,13 @@ public class Account
     /// </summary>
     public bool IsTemplate { get; set; }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether this account is a server-side bot account.
+    /// Bot accounts are generated and maintained by the bot feature; this flag is the reliable
+    /// marker used to load them on startup (instead of regenerating) and to purge them.
+    /// </summary>
+    public bool IsBot { get; set; }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets or sets the characters.
     /// </summary>

src/DataModel/Entities/CastleSiegeData.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// <copyright file="CastleSiegeData.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Entities;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Persistent state of the castle siege, stored as a single row across siege cycles.
+/// </summary>
+[AggregateRoot]
+public class CastleSiegeData
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the unique identifier of this record.
+    /// </summary>
+    public Guid Id { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the persistent identifier of the guild that currently owns the castle.
+    /// <see langword="null"/> when no guild owns the castle.
+    /// </summary>
+    public Guid? OwnerGuildId { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether any guild currently occupies the castle.
+    /// </summary>
+    public bool IsOccupied { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the Chaos Machine tax rate applied by the castle owner (0–3).
+    /// </summary>
+    public byte TaxChaos { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the personal store tax rate applied by the castle owner (0–3).
+    /// </summary>
+    public byte TaxStore { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the entry fee (in Zen) for the castle owner's hunt zone (0–300000).
+    /// </summary>
+    public int TaxHunt { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the hunt zone (Land of Trials) is currently open to the public.
+    /// </summary>
+    public bool IsHuntZoneEnabled { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the accumulated tribute money collected from the hunt zone and taxes.
+    /// </summary>
+    public long TributeMoney { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the persisted states of all castle NPCs.
+    /// </summary>
+    [MemberOfAggregate]
+    public virtual ICollection<CastleSiegeNpcState> NpcStates { get; protected set; } = null!;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public override string ToString()
+    {
+        return this.IsOccupied
+            ? $"Castle owned by guild {this.OwnerGuildId}"
+            : "Castle unoccupied";
+    }
+}

src/DataModel/Entities/CastleSiegeGuildRegistration.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// <copyright file="CastleSiegeGuildRegistration.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Entities;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Stores a guild's registration data for the current castle siege cycle,
+/// including the number of emblems submitted to determine attacking guilds.
+/// </summary>
+[AggregateRoot]
+public class CastleSiegeGuildRegistration
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the unique identifier of this registration record.
+    /// </summary>
+    public Guid Id { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the persistent identifier of the registered guild.
+    /// </summary>
+    public Guid GuildId { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the guild name, denormalized for convenience to avoid extra lookups during siege processing.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string GuildName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the number of Emblems of Lord registered by this guild.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int Marks { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the insertion order of this registration, used for tie-breaking when guilds have equal marks.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int RegistrationOrder { get; set; }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public override string ToString()
+    {
+        return $"{this.GuildName} (Marks={this.Marks}, Order={this.RegistrationOrder})";
+    }
+}

src/DataModel/Entities/CastleSiegeNpcState.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// <copyright file="CastleSiegeNpcState.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Entities;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Persistent state of a single castle siege NPC between siege cycles.
+/// </summary>
+public class CastleSiegeNpcState
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the unique identifier of this NPC state.
+    /// </summary>
+    public Guid Id { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the monster definition number that identifies the NPC template.
+    /// </summary>
+    public short MonsterNumber { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the instance identifier matching <see cref="MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration.CastleSiegeNpcDefinition.InstanceId"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    public byte InstanceId { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the current defense upgrade level (0–3).
+    /// </summary>
+    public byte DefenseLevel { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the current HP regeneration upgrade level (0–3).
+    /// </summary>
+    public byte RegenLevel { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the current maximum HP upgrade level (0–3).
+    /// </summary>
+    public byte LifeLevel { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the current HP of the NPC. A value of 0 means the NPC is destroyed.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int CurrentHp { get; set; }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public override string ToString()
+    {
+        return $"NPC {this.MonsterNumber} #{this.InstanceId} (HP={this.CurrentHp})";
+    }
+}

src/Directory.Packages.props

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
     <PackageVersion Include="BCrypt.Net-Next" Version="4.0.3" />
     <PackageVersion Include="BenchmarkDotNet" Version="0.15.8" />
     <PackageVersion Include="BlazorInputFile" Version="0.2.0" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="Blazored.Toast" Version="4.2.1" />
     <PackageVersion Include="BuildWebCompiler2022" Version="1.14.15" />
     <PackageVersion Include="DG.AdvancedDataGridView" Version="1.2.30115.18" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Dapr.AspNetCore" Version="1.16.1" />

src/GameLogic/AttackableExtensions.cs

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public static class AttackableExtensions
         else
         {
             var defenseAttribute = defender.GetDefenseAttribute(attacker);
-            defense = (int)(defender.Attributes[defenseAttribute] * defender.Attributes[Stats.DefenseDecrement]);
+            defense = (int)((defender.Attributes[defenseAttribute] + defender.Attributes[Stats.GreaterDefenseBonus]) * defender.Attributes[Stats.DefenseDecrement]);
             if (defense < 0)
             {
                 defense = 0;
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ public static class AttackableExtensions
             if (regeneration != null)
             {
                 var regenerationValue = player.Attributes.CreateElement(powerUpDefinition);
-                var value = skillEntry.Level == 0 ? regenerationValue.Value : regenerationValue.Value + skillEntry.CalculateValue();
+                var value = regenerationValue.Value + (skillEntry.Level == 0 ? 0 : regenerationValue.Value * skillEntry.CalculateValue() / 100);
                 target.Attributes[regeneration.CurrentAttribute] = Math.Min(
                     target.Attributes[regeneration.CurrentAttribute] + value,
                     target.Attributes[regeneration.MaximumAttribute]);

src/GameLogic/Attributes/MonsterAttributeHolder.cs

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ public class MonsterAttributeHolder : IAttributeSystem
         new Dictionary<AttributeDefinition, Func<AttackableNpcBase, float>>
         {
             { Stats.CurrentHealth, m => m.Health },
-            { Stats.DefensePvm, m => m.Attributes.GetValueOfAttribute(Stats.DefenseBase) + ((m as Monster)?.SummonedBy?.Attributes?[Stats.SummonedMonsterDefenseIncrease] ?? 0) },
-            { Stats.DefensePvp, m => m.Attributes.GetValueOfAttribute(Stats.DefenseBase) + ((m as Monster)?.SummonedBy?.Attributes?[Stats.SummonedMonsterDefenseIncrease] ?? 0) },
+            { Stats.DefensePvm, m => m.Attributes.GetValueOfAttribute(Stats.DefenseBase) * (1 + ((m as Monster)?.SummonedBy?.Attributes?[Stats.SummonedMonsterDefenseIncrease] ?? 0)) },
+            { Stats.DefensePvp, m => m.Attributes.GetValueOfAttribute(Stats.DefenseBase) * (1 + ((m as Monster)?.SummonedBy?.Attributes?[Stats.SummonedMonsterDefenseIncrease] ?? 0)) },
             { Stats.DamageReceiveDecrement, m => 1.0f },
             { Stats.AttackDamageIncrease, m => 1.0f },
             { Stats.MovementSpeedFactor, m => 1.0f },

src/GameLogic/Attributes/Stats.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// <copyright file="Stats.cs" company="MUnique">
+// <copyright file="Stats.cs" company="MUnique">
 // Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
 // </copyright>
 
@@ -524,6 +524,12 @@ public class Stats
     /// </summary>
     public static AttributeDefinition CrossBowMasteryBonusDamage { get; } = new(new Guid("B3AF7F51-6D6B-42FB-B8FF-689D03890F3E"), "Cross Bow Mastery PvP Bonus Damage (MST)", string.Empty);
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the extra projectiles attribute definition.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>Can be increased by equipping certain (cross)bows and/or unlocking triple shot mastery.</remarks>
+    public static AttributeDefinition ExtraProjectiles { get; } = new(new Guid("B9E4F3C2-A1D5-4B8E-7F2C-6D3A9E1F5C8B"), "Extra Projectiles", "The number of extra projectiles shot with triple shot skill.");
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets elf's melee attack mode attribute definition.
     /// </summary>
@@ -554,6 +560,11 @@ public class Stats
     /// </summary>
     public static AttributeDefinition ArcheryMaxDmg { get; } = new(new Guid("EC807B7C-4004-4D13-BED2-326E13F8EFEB"), "Archery Maximum Damage", "The elf's maximum archery damage, which is added to projectile weapon attacks.");
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the elf's greater defense buff bonus defense attribute definition.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static AttributeDefinition GreaterDefenseBonus { get; } = new(new Guid("5A7C3E9B-D1F4-4B82-8A6D-2F3E1C9B7A4D"), "Greater Defense Bonus", string.Empty);
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets the elf's greater damage buff bonus damage attribute definition.
     /// </summary>
@@ -729,7 +740,7 @@ public class Stats
     public static AttributeDefinition SummonedMonsterHealthIncrease { get; } = new(new Guid("7B0625C8-DA1A-4A5D-BCA5-26AACDA0BDC6"), "Summoned Monster Health Increase %", string.Empty);
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Gets the summoned monster defense increase, absolute.
+    /// Gets the summoned monster defense increase, percentage.
     /// </summary>
     public static AttributeDefinition SummonedMonsterDefenseIncrease { get; } = new(new Guid("0D55CFCA-751F-4E66-B327-635576A9A0B3"), "Summoned Monster Defense Increase", string.Empty);
 
@@ -775,7 +786,7 @@ public class Stats
     /// <see cref="AggregateType.Multiplicate"/> values include:
     ///     <see cref="DefenseIncreaseWithEquippedShield"/>.
     /// <see cref="AggregateType.AddFinal"/> values include:
-    ///     Greater defense buff; MST bonus defense with shield (shield strengthener); MST dark horse strengthener; Jack O'Lantern Cry bonus (halved); Berserker defense reduction.
+    ///     MST bonus defense with shield (shield strengthener); MST dark horse strengthener; Jack O'Lantern Cry bonus (halved); Berserker defense reduction.
     /// </remarks>
     public static AttributeDefinition DefenseFinal { get; } = new(new Guid("0888AD48-0CC8-47CA-B6A3-99F3771AA5FC"), "Final Defense", string.Empty);
 

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotConfiguration.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+// <copyright file="BotConfiguration.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// The admin-panel editable configuration of the <see cref="BotFeaturePlugIn"/>.
+/// </summary>
+public class BotConfiguration
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The hard limit of characters a single account can hold in the game.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const int MaxCharactersPerAccountLimit = 5;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the bot feature is enabled.
+    /// Disabled by default so that enabling bots is always an explicit, deliberate action.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Display(Name = "Enabled", Description = "If enabled, bots are spawned after the server has started.")]
+    public bool Enabled { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether all bot accounts and characters should be deleted.
+    /// When set, the feature purges every bot account on the next startup before generating fresh
+    /// ones, and then automatically clears this flag again. Use it to reset the bot population.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Display(Name = "Reset bots", Description = "Deletes all bot accounts and characters on the next start, then regenerates them. Clears itself afterwards.")]
+    public bool ResetBots { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether all bot accounts and characters should be deleted
+    /// WITHOUT being regenerated. Unlike <see cref="ResetBots"/> this also turns <see cref="Enabled"/>
+    /// off - otherwise the very same pass would generate the population again - so it is the single
+    /// switch for "I do not want bots on this server anymore". Clears itself afterwards.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Display(Name = "Purge bots", Description = "Deletes all bot accounts and characters and turns the bot feature off, without generating new ones. Clears itself afterwards.")]
+    public bool PurgeBots { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the bot population rotates its presence over the day:
+    /// fewer bots are online at night, most in the evening, with bots smoothly logging in and out -
+    /// like a real player base, instead of the same characters being online 24/7.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Display(Name = "Presence rotation", Description = "Bots log in and out over the day (fewest at night, most in the evening) instead of all being online 24/7.")]
+    public bool PresenceRotation { get; set; } = true;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the share (in percent) of bots which stays online at the quietest time of day.
+    /// 100 effectively disables the rotation effect.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Display(Name = "Min. online share %", Description = "Percentage of the bot population which stays online at the quietest hour (100 = no rotation effect).")]
+    public int MinOnlineSharePercent { get; set; } = 60;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the number of bot accounts. Together with <see cref="MaxCharactersPerAccount"/>
+    /// this defines the generated bot population, e.g. 10 accounts × 5 characters = 50 bot characters.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Display(Name = "Number of accounts", Description = "How many bot accounts to maintain.")]
+    [Range(0, 1000)]
+    public int NumberOfAccounts { get; set; } = 10;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the number of characters per bot account. An account can hold at most
+    /// <see cref="MaxCharactersPerAccountLimit"/> (5) characters, so this value is clamped on use.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Display(Name = "Characters per account", Description = "How many characters each bot account holds (max 5).")]
+    [Range(1, MaxCharactersPerAccountLimit)]
+    public int MaxCharactersPerAccount { get; set; } = MaxCharactersPerAccountLimit;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the share (in percent) of a game server's maximum player count which its bots may
+    /// occupy. Bots count towards that limit like players do, and a full server turns new clients away -
+    /// so the rest of the capacity stays reserved for real players, who must never be denied a slot by a
+    /// bot. The population is split over all configured game servers accordingly (see
+    /// <see cref="BotServerPartition"/>); accounts which do not fit stay offline until the servers offer
+    /// the room for them.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Display(Name = "Bot capacity %", Description = "Share of a game server's maximum player count which its bots may occupy; the rest stays reserved for real players.")]
+    [Range(1, 100)]
+    public int BotCapacityPercent { get; set; } = 60;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether bots pay the configured reset costs (zen, reset items)
+    /// when they reset their character on a server with the reset feature enabled. Off by default:
+    /// bots don't take part in the player economy the costs are balanced for, so charging them only
+    /// stalls their progression (a bot can't farm zen for a billion-zen reset the way players trade).
+    /// </summary>
+    [Display(Name = "Bots pay reset costs", Description = "If enabled, bots consume the configured zen/item costs for their resets like human players (default: free bot resets).")]
+    public bool BotsPayResetCosts { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets how many Jewels of Bless, Soul and Life a bot keeps of each kind. Bots only pick up
+    /// the jewels they can actually spend on their own gear (see <c>BotJewelHandler</c>) and stop
+    /// collecting a kind once they hold this many; whatever they carry above it is sold on the next
+    /// merchant visit. The sensible value depends entirely on the server's drop rates - on a high rate
+    /// server a bot refills a big stock within hours, so a low limit keeps its backpack usable.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Display(Name = "Jewel stock per kind", Description = "How many Jewels of Bless/Soul/Life a bot keeps of each kind; above this it stops picking them up and sells the surplus.")]
+    [Range(0, 100)]
+    public int JewelStockPerKind { get; set; } = 10;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the number of potion charges (per healing and per mana potions) a bot stocks up to
+    /// at a merchant. Merchants sell potions in stacks of different sizes, so this is the target the bot
+    /// buys towards, not a stack count.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Display(Name = "Potion stock (charges)", Description = "How many healing and mana potion charges a bot buys up to at a merchant.")]
+    [Range(10, 255)]
+    public int PotionStockCharges { get; set; } = 60;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a comma separated list of login names of existing accounts to animate as bots.
+    /// This is an optional extra hook alongside the generated population (see
+    /// <see cref="NumberOfAccounts"/>): every listed account gets a bot driving its first character.
+    /// These accounts are animated as-is and are not part of the partitioned, capacity-limited
+    /// population, so leave it empty unless you specifically want to drive existing accounts.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Display(Name = "Extra accounts to animate", Description = "Comma separated login names of existing accounts to animate as bots, in addition to the generated population.")]
+    public string ProofOfConceptAccounts { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the effective, clamped number of characters per account.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>A value between 1 and <see cref="MaxCharactersPerAccountLimit"/>.</returns>
+    /// <remarks>Deliberately a method: a get-only property would end up in the serialized plugin configuration JSON.</remarks>
+    public int GetEffectiveCharactersPerAccount()
+        => Math.Clamp(this.MaxCharactersPerAccount, 1, MaxCharactersPerAccountLimit);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the effective, clamped share of a server's player capacity which its bots may occupy.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>A value between 1 and 100.</returns>
+    /// <remarks>Deliberately a method, like <see cref="GetEffectiveCharactersPerAccount"/>.</remarks>
+    public int GetEffectiveBotCapacityPercent()
+        => Math.Clamp(this.BotCapacityPercent, 1, 100);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the effective, clamped jewel stock a bot keeps of each usable kind.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>A value between 0 and 100.</returns>
+    /// <remarks>Deliberately a method, like <see cref="GetEffectiveCharactersPerAccount"/>.</remarks>
+    public int GetEffectiveJewelStockPerKind()
+        => Math.Clamp(this.JewelStockPerKind, 0, 100);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the effective, clamped potion charges a bot stocks up to.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>A value between 10 and 255.</returns>
+    /// <remarks>Deliberately a method, like <see cref="GetEffectiveCharactersPerAccount"/>.</remarks>
+    public int GetEffectivePotionStockCharges()
+        => Math.Clamp(this.PotionStockCharges, 10, 255);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Parses <see cref="ProofOfConceptAccounts"/> into the distinct, trimmed login names.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>The list of login names.</returns>
+    /// <remarks>Deliberately a method: a get-only property would end up in the serialized plugin configuration JSON.</remarks>
+    public IReadOnlyList<string> ParseProofOfConceptAccounts()
+        => this.ProofOfConceptAccounts
+            .Split(',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries | StringSplitOptions.TrimEntries)
+            .Distinct(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .ToList();
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotEquipmentHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+// <copyright file="BotEquipmentHandler.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration.Items;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Offline;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlayerActions.Items;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Lets a bot progress its equipment like a real player: dropped gear is evaluated before pickup
+/// (see <see cref="IsUpgradeFor"/>, used by the offline <see cref="ItemPickupHandler"/>), and looted
+/// upgrades are periodically equipped; the replaced piece goes into the backpack and is sold on the next
+/// shopping trip, so the backpack does not silt up with junk. All moves go through the regular
+/// <see cref="MoveItemAction"/>, which enforces the same class- and stat-requirements as for a human
+/// player - including which hand a weapon needs (see <see cref="ItemExtensions.ConflictsWithEquippedHands"/>).
+/// </summary>
+internal static class BotEquipmentHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>A candidate must beat the equipped piece by at least this score margin to be worth swapping.</summary>
+    private const int UpgradeScoreMargin = 1;
+
+    /// <summary>The highest item group which is a weapon (0 sword, 1 axe, 2 mace, 3 spear, 4 bow, 5 staff).</summary>
+    private const byte LastWeaponGroup = 5;
+
+    /// <summary>The item group of the shields.</summary>
+    private const byte ShieldGroup = 6;
+
+    private static readonly MoveItemAction MoveAction = new();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the dropped item would be an upgrade over the bot's currently equipped gear,
+    /// so the pickup handler only collects items worth carrying.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player which would wear the item.</param>
+    /// <param name="item">The dropped item to evaluate.</param>
+    public static bool IsUpgradeFor(Player player, Item item)
+    {
+        return TryPlanSwap(player, item) is not null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Scans the bot's backpack for equippable upgrades and puts the best one on; the replaced piece
+    /// stays in the backpack, where the next shopping trip sells it.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player whose backpack is scanned.</param>
+    public static async ValueTask TryEquipUpgradesAsync(OfflinePlayer player)
+    {
+        if (player.Inventory is not { } inventory)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Snapshot, because equipping mutates the item collection while we iterate.
+        var backpackItems = inventory.Items
+            .Where(i => i.ItemSlot >= InventoryConstants.EquippableSlotsCount)
+            .ToList();
+
+        foreach (var item in backpackItems)
+        {
+            if (TryPlanSwap(player, item) is not { } plan)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (await TryApplySwapAsync(player, inventory, item, plan).ConfigureAwait(false))
+            {
+                // One swap per pass keeps the work per tick small; the next pass picks up the rest.
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Puts the planned piece on: the gear it replaces goes to the backpack first (an equip only works
+    /// into a free slot), then the candidate is equipped through the regular <see cref="MoveItemAction"/>.
+    /// If the engine refuses the equip after all - the requirements are checked against the TOTAL stats,
+    /// which drop as soon as the old piece with its bonuses comes off - everything moved so far is put
+    /// back on. Without that rollback the bot ended up with an empty slot, re-equipped the old piece on
+    /// its next pass and started over: hundreds of swaps per hour, fighting without a weapon half of the
+    /// time.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns><c>true</c> if the candidate is now equipped.</returns>
+    private static async ValueTask<bool> TryApplySwapAsync(OfflinePlayer player, IStorage inventory, Item item, EquipSwap plan)
+    {
+        var undo = new List<(Item Item, byte EquipSlot)>(2);
+        foreach (var removed in plan.Removed)
+        {
+            if (inventory.CheckInvSpace(removed) is not { } freeSlot)
+            {
+                // No room of the item's SIZE in the backpack (a 2x3 armor needs a 2x3 hole).
+                await RollbackAsync(player, undo).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var equipSlot = removed.ItemSlot;
+            await MoveAction.MoveItemAsync(player, equipSlot, Storages.Inventory, freeSlot, Storages.Inventory).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            if (inventory.GetItem(equipSlot) is not null)
+            {
+                player.Logger.LogDebug("Bot '{Name}' could not take off '{Item}' for a swap.", player.Name, removed);
+                await RollbackAsync(player, undo).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            undo.Add((removed, equipSlot));
+        }
+
+        await MoveAction.MoveItemAsync(player, item.ItemSlot, Storages.Inventory, plan.Slot, Storages.Inventory).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        if (inventory.GetItem(plan.Slot) != item)
+        {
+            player.Logger.LogDebug("Bot '{Name}' could not equip '{Item}' - putting its old gear back on.", player.Name, item);
+            await RollbackAsync(player, undo).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        player.Logger.LogInformation(
+            "Bot '{Name}' equipped '{New}'{Replaced}.",
+            player.Name,
+            item,
+            plan.Removed.Count == 0 ? string.Empty : $" (replacing {string.Join(", ", plan.Removed.Select(r => $"'{r}'"))})");
+
+        // The outgrown gear stays in the backpack and is SOLD on the next shopping trip (see
+        // BotShoppingHandler.IsSellableJunk): dropping it on the ground littered the hunting grounds
+        // with the bots' hand-me-downs, which the bots then picked up again - including the bot which
+        // had just dropped the piece, whose persistence context still tracked it (an entity conflict on
+        // the pickup). Selling it also feeds the Zen the bot restocks its potions with.
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static async ValueTask RollbackAsync(OfflinePlayer player, List<(Item Item, byte EquipSlot)> undo)
+    {
+        foreach (var (item, equipSlot) in undo)
+        {
+            await MoveAction.MoveItemAsync(player, item.ItemSlot, Storages.Inventory, equipSlot, Storages.Inventory).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            if (player.Inventory?.GetItem(equipSlot) != item)
+            {
+                player.Logger.LogWarning("Bot '{Name}' could not put '{Item}' back on into slot {Slot}.", player.Name, item, equipSlot);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Plans how the item could be worn: into which slot, and which equipped pieces it would replace.
+    /// Returns <c>null</c> when the bot would not (or could not) wear it - which is exactly what makes an
+    /// item worth picking up from the ground, so the pickup handler asks the same question through
+    /// <see cref="IsUpgradeFor"/>. Beside the piece in the target slot, a two-handed weapon also replaces
+    /// whatever blocks the other hand: the engine refuses to equip it otherwise (see
+    /// <see cref="ItemExtensions.ConflictsWithEquippedHands"/>), and a bot which does not plan for that
+    /// keeps trying (and failing) to put it on forever.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static EquipSwap? TryPlanSwap(Player player, Item item)
+    {
+        if (item.Definition is not { } definition
+            || player.SelectedCharacter?.CharacterClass is not { } characterClass
+            || player.Inventory is not { } inventory
+            || !IsWearableCandidate(player, definition, characterClass)
+            || !player.CompliesRequirements(item))
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        var candidateScore = Score(item);
+        EquipSwap? best = null;
+        var bestReplacedScore = 0;
+        foreach (var slot in GetTargetSlots(definition))
+        {
+            var equipped = inventory.GetItem(slot);
+            if (equipped?.Definition?.IsAmmunition == true)
+            {
+                // Never displace the ammunition (an archer's arrows) - the bow would stop working.
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var removed = new List<Item>(2);
+            if (equipped is not null)
+            {
+                removed.Add(equipped);
+            }
+
+            if (definition.ConflictsWithEquippedHands(inventory, slot))
+            {
+                // Only the main hand resolves such a conflict: taking the two-handed weapon off to fit a
+                // shield into the other hand would disarm the bot.
+                if (slot != InventoryConstants.LeftHandSlot
+                    || inventory.GetItem(InventoryConstants.RightHandSlot) is not { } blocking)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                removed.Add(blocking);
+            }
+
+            var replacedScore = removed.Sum(Score);
+            if (removed.Count > 0 && replacedScore + UpgradeScoreMargin > candidateScore)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Prefer the cheapest swap: an empty slot beats replacing gear, and among occupied slots the
+            // weakest gear goes first (this is what spreads rings over both ring slots).
+            if (best is null || replacedScore < bestReplacedScore)
+            {
+                best = new EquipSwap(slot, removed);
+                bestReplacedScore = replacedScore;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return best;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The slots the bot considers for this piece: a weapon only goes into the main hand and a shield
+    /// only into the off-hand - a bot filling its off-hand with a second (junk) weapon it happens to be
+    /// qualified for is neither useful nor a sight any real character offers. Everything else may go into
+    /// any of its qualified slots (rings have two).
+    /// </summary>
+    private static IEnumerable<byte> GetTargetSlots(ItemDefinition definition)
+    {
+        var slots = definition.ItemSlot!.ItemSlots.Select(s => (byte)s).ToList();
+        if (definition.Group <= LastWeaponGroup && slots.Contains(InventoryConstants.LeftHandSlot))
+        {
+            return [InventoryConstants.LeftHandSlot];
+        }
+
+        if (definition.Group == ShieldGroup && slots.Contains(InventoryConstants.RightHandSlot))
+        {
+            return [InventoryConstants.RightHandSlot];
+        }
+
+        return slots;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Whether the item is gear this bot would wear at all: an equippable, class-qualified piece which -
+    /// if it is a weapon - matches the fighting style of the bot's build (an elf only considers bows, a
+    /// caster only staves), so bots don't fill their hands with random qualified junk like a Small Axe.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static bool IsWearableCandidate(Player player, ItemDefinition definition, CharacterClass characterClass)
+    {
+        if (definition.ItemSlot is not { ItemSlots.Count: > 0 }
+            || definition.IsAmmunition
+            || !definition.QualifiedCharacters.Contains(characterClass))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (definition.Group > LastWeaponGroup)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        var resetMeta = BotResetHandler.GetResetConfiguration(player.GameContext) is not null;
+        return BotProgression.IsPreferredWeaponGroup(characterClass, player.SelectedCharacter!.Name, resetMeta, (byte)definition.Group);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A rough, monotonic quality score of an equippable item: the definition's drop level tracks the
+    /// gear tier, the item level its upgrades, and excellent/ancient options add their extra worth.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static int Score(Item item)
+    {
+        if (item.Definition is not { } definition)
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        var score = definition.DropLevel + (item.Level * 3);
+        score += 12 * item.ItemOptions.Count(o => o.ItemOption?.OptionType == ItemOptionTypes.Excellent);
+        if (item.ItemSetGroups.Any(s => s.AncientSetDiscriminator != 0))
+        {
+            score += 15;
+        }
+
+        return score;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A planned equip: the slot the candidate goes into, and the equipped pieces which have to come off
+    /// for it (the gear in the target slot, plus the other hand's item when a two-handed weapon needs it).
+    /// </summary>
+    private sealed record EquipSwap(byte Slot, IReadOnlyList<Item> Removed);
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotFeaturePlugIn.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,709 @@
+// <copyright file="BotFeaturePlugIn.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Threading;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlugIns;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.PlugIns;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Feature plugin which spawns and maintains server-side bots.
+/// Appears in the "Feature Plugins" section of the admin panel next to the MU Helper and reset features.
+/// </summary>
+[PlugIn]
+[Display(Name = "Bots", Description = "Spawns server-side bots which hunt monsters on the maps. Configure the accounts to animate and enable the feature.")]
+[Guid("6F3A2B91-7C4E-4D88-9A1F-2E5C0B7A4D63")]
+public class BotFeaturePlugIn : IFeaturePlugIn, IPeriodicTaskPlugIn, ISupportCustomConfiguration<BotConfiguration>, ISupportDefaultCustomConfiguration
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Delay before the first spawn attempt, giving the server time to finish starting up
+    /// (maps, configuration and plugins fully initialized).
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly TimeSpan StartupDelay = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15);
+
+    private static readonly TimeSpan MaintenanceInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(60);
+    private static readonly TimeSpan PartyReformInterval = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(60);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The typical activity of a player base by local hour (0..1): quietest in the early morning,
+    /// busiest in the evening. Scales between <see cref="BotConfiguration.MinOnlineSharePercent"/>
+    /// and 100% of the bot population.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly double[] ActivityByHour =
+    [
+        0.30, 0.15, 0.05, 0.00, 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45,
+        0.50, 0.50, 0.55, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80, 0.90, 1.00, 1.00, 0.95, 0.80, 0.50,
+    ];
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The state of the feature, per game server: the plugin instance is shared by all game servers of
+    /// the process, while <see cref="ExecuteTaskAsync"/> is called by each of them separately. One shared
+    /// state would mean the server whose timer fires first animates the whole population (which is how
+    /// the bots used to end up on a single server), and the other servers doing nothing at all.
+    /// </summary>
+    private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<IGameContext, ServerState> _states = new();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The phase of a game server's single startup pass. The periodic task timer fires every second
+    /// WITHOUT awaiting the previous invocation, so during the minutes-long generation/spawn further
+    /// ticks arrive concurrently - they must neither re-enter the startup nor run the maintenance
+    /// (e.g. the presence rotation) against a half-spawned population.
+    /// </summary>
+    private enum StartupPhase
+    {
+        /// <summary>The startup has not run yet.</summary>
+        NotStarted = 0,
+
+        /// <summary>The startup (generation and spawn) is in progress.</summary>
+        InProgress = 1,
+
+        /// <summary>The startup is done; the server is in maintenance mode.</summary>
+        Done = 2,
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public BotConfiguration? Configuration { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the bot configuration of the given game context, so the bot handlers can read their
+    /// admin-panel editable settings without being handed the plugin around (same shape as
+    /// <see cref="BotResetHandler.GetResetConfiguration"/>).
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="gameContext">The game context.</param>
+    /// <returns>The configuration, or <c>null</c> when the bot feature is not configured.</returns>
+    public static BotConfiguration? GetConfiguration(IGameContext gameContext)
+        => gameContext.FeaturePlugIns.GetPlugIn<BotFeaturePlugIn>()?.Configuration;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public async ValueTask ExecuteTaskAsync(GameContext gameContext)
+    {
+        var state = this._states.GetOrAdd(gameContext, _ => new ServerState());
+        var configuration = this.Configuration ??= CreateDefaultConfiguration();
+
+        if (configuration.PurgeBots)
+        {
+            await this.PurgeAsync(gameContext, state, configuration).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!configuration.Enabled)
+        {
+            // Switching the feature off takes effect right away instead of at the next restart: the
+            // bots log out, and nothing is deleted. Re-checked on the following ticks, the feature may
+            // get enabled again later - then the population is spawned from scratch.
+            await this.StopBotsAsync(gameContext, state, "the bot feature was switched off").ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (state.StartupState == (int)StartupPhase.Done)
+        {
+            await this.RunMaintenanceAsync(gameContext, state).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (DateTime.UtcNow < state.NextRunUtc
+            || Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref state.StartupState, (int)StartupPhase.InProgress, (int)StartupPhase.NotStarted) != (int)StartupPhase.NotStarted)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            await this.SpawnPopulationAsync(gameContext, state, configuration).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            // Like before: the startup runs once, even when parts of it failed (the errors are
+            // logged); the maintenance pass takes over from here.
+            Interlocked.Exchange(ref state.StartupState, (int)StartupPhase.Done);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Stops every bot this server animates and puts it back to the state before the startup pass, so
+    /// the population is spawned from scratch if the feature is switched on again. Nothing is deleted.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="gameContext">The game context.</param>
+    /// <param name="state">The state of this server.</param>
+    /// <param name="reason">The reason to log, if there was anything to stop.</param>
+    private async ValueTask StopBotsAsync(GameContext gameContext, ServerState state, string reason)
+    {
+        if (state.Manager.BotCount == 0 && state.StartupState == (int)StartupPhase.NotStarted)
+        {
+            // The usual case of a server without bots - this runs on every tick, so it stays cheap.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Take over the startup state machine, so the bots are not stopped while a startup pass is
+        // still spawning them (it would spawn into the emptied manager afterwards).
+        if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref state.StartupState, (int)StartupPhase.InProgress, (int)StartupPhase.Done) != (int)StartupPhase.Done
+            && Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref state.StartupState, (int)StartupPhase.InProgress, (int)StartupPhase.NotStarted) != (int)StartupPhase.NotStarted)
+        {
+            // A startup pass is running; retried on one of the next ticks.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var logger = gameContext.LoggerFactory.CreateLogger(this.GetType().Name);
+        using var scope = logger.BeginScope(gameContext);
+        try
+        {
+            var stopped = state.Manager.BotCount;
+            await state.Manager.StopAllAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+            state.PendingRespawns.Clear();
+            if (stopped > 0)
+            {
+                logger.LogInformation("Stopped {Stopped} bot(s): {Reason}.", stopped, reason);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            logger.LogError(ex, "Failed to stop the bots.");
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Interlocked.Exchange(ref state.StartupState, (int)StartupPhase.NotStarted);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Carries out a requested purge: every bot account is deleted and the feature switches itself off,
+    /// so the population is NOT generated again - the difference to <see cref="BotConfiguration.ResetBots"/>.
+    /// Works with the feature enabled or disabled, and whatever number of accounts is configured.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="gameContext">The game context.</param>
+    /// <param name="state">The state of this server.</param>
+    /// <param name="configuration">The bot configuration.</param>
+    private async ValueTask PurgeAsync(GameContext gameContext, ServerState state, BotConfiguration configuration)
+    {
+        if (DateTime.UtcNow < state.NextRunUtc)
+        {
+            // The same head start the startup pass gets - and where a failed purge backs off to.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // The bots have to be gone before their accounts are: one which is still online would go on
+        // saving a character whose row is about to be deleted.
+        await this.StopBotsAsync(gameContext, state, "the bot population is being purged").ConfigureAwait(false);
+        if (state.Manager.BotCount > 0
+            || Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref state.StartupState, (int)StartupPhase.InProgress, (int)StartupPhase.NotStarted) != (int)StartupPhase.NotStarted)
+        {
+            // A startup pass still holds the state machine; retried on one of the next ticks.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var logger = gameContext.LoggerFactory.CreateLogger(this.GetType().Name);
+        using var scope = logger.BeginScope(gameContext);
+        try
+        {
+            var partition = await BotServerPartition.CreateAsync(gameContext, configuration, logger).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            if (!partition.IsGenerator)
+            {
+                // Another server deletes the accounts and clears the flags. This one only had to stop
+                // its own bots; the switched-off feature keeps it from starting them again.
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var generator = new BotGenerator(gameContext, logger);
+            var deleted = await generator.DeleteAllBotsAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+            // Switching the feature off is what makes this a purge instead of a reset: the generation
+            // below would otherwise create the whole population again, right after it was deleted.
+            configuration.Enabled = false;
+            configuration.PurgeBots = false;
+            configuration.ResetBots = false;
+            await this.PersistConfigurationAsync(gameContext, configuration, logger).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+            logger.LogInformation("Purge requested: deleted {Deleted} bot account(s) and switched the bot feature off.", deleted);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            // The flag stays set, so the purge is retried - backed off, to not repeat it every second.
+            state.NextRunUtc = DateTime.UtcNow + MaintenanceInterval;
+            logger.LogError(ex, "Failed to purge the bot population.");
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Interlocked.Exchange(ref state.StartupState, (int)StartupPhase.NotStarted);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async ValueTask SpawnPopulationAsync(GameContext gameContext, ServerState state, BotConfiguration configuration)
+    {
+        var logger = gameContext.LoggerFactory.CreateLogger(this.GetType().Name);
+        using var scope = logger.BeginScope(gameContext);
+
+        var generator = new BotGenerator(gameContext, logger);
+        var partition = state.Partition = await BotServerPartition.CreateAsync(gameContext, configuration, logger).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+        if (configuration.ResetBots && !partition.IsGenerator)
+        {
+            // Not silent: the flag is set, but this server is not the one which acts on it.
+            logger.LogInformation("Reset requested: another game server of the deployment carries it out.");
+        }
+
+        if (configuration.ResetBots && partition.IsGenerator)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                var deleted = await generator.DeleteAllBotsAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+                logger.LogInformation("Reset requested: deleted {Deleted} bot account(s); {Requested} account(s) are generated again.", deleted, Math.Max(configuration.NumberOfAccounts, 0));
+
+                // Clear the flag (in memory and persisted) so the next restart does not purge again.
+                configuration.ResetBots = false;
+                await this.PersistConfigurationAsync(gameContext, configuration, logger).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                logger.LogError(ex, "Failed to reset the bot population.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (partition.IsGenerator)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                // Generate the persistent bot population if it is not there yet (idempotent). Only this
+                // server does it - see BotServerPartition.IsGenerator; the others find the accounts once
+                // they exist and retry the spawns of their own share meanwhile.
+                var created = await generator.EnsureBotsAsync(configuration.NumberOfAccounts, configuration.MaxCharactersPerAccount).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                if (created > 0)
+                {
+                    logger.LogInformation("Generated {Created} new bot account(s).", created);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                logger.LogError(ex, "Failed to generate the bot population.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        var charactersPerAccount = Math.Clamp(
+            Math.Min(configuration.MaxCharactersPerAccount, gameContext.Configuration.MaximumCharactersPerAccount),
+            1,
+            BotConfiguration.MaxCharactersPerAccountLimit);
+
+        var started = 0;
+        var total = 0;
+        for (var i = partition.FirstAccount; i < partition.FirstAccount + partition.AccountCount; i++)
+        {
+            var loginName = BotGenerator.GetLoginName(i);
+            for (byte slot = 0; slot < charactersPerAccount; slot++)
+            {
+                total++;
+                try
+                {
+                    if (await state.Manager.SpawnBotAsync(gameContext, loginName, slot).ConfigureAwait(false))
+                    {
+                        started++;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // The account may just not be generated yet (another server is generating the
+                        // population right now) - the maintenance pass retries it.
+                        state.PendingRespawns.Enqueue((loginName, slot));
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    logger.LogError(ex, "Failed to spawn bot for account '{LoginName}' (slot {Slot}).", loginName, slot);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // The proof-of-concept accounts remain an optional extra hook to animate existing (non-bot)
+        // accounts. They are not part of the partitioned population, so only one server animates them.
+        if (partition.IsGenerator)
+        {
+            foreach (var loginName in configuration.ParseProofOfConceptAccounts())
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    if (await state.Manager.SpawnBotAsync(gameContext, loginName).ConfigureAwait(false))
+                    {
+                        started++;
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    logger.LogError(ex, "Failed to spawn proof-of-concept bot for account '{LoginName}'.", loginName);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        logger.LogInformation("Bot feature started {Started} of {Total} bots.", started, total);
+
+        try
+        {
+            await state.Manager.FormPartiesAsync(gameContext).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            logger.LogError(ex, "Failed to form bot parties.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public void ForceStart()
+    {
+        foreach (var state in this._states.Values)
+        {
+            state.NextRunUtc = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public object CreateDefaultConfig()
+    {
+        return CreateDefaultConfiguration();
+    }
+
+    private static BotConfiguration CreateDefaultConfiguration()
+    {
+        return new BotConfiguration();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Runs the periodic post-spawn maintenance: the presence rotation (one bot in or out per pass, so
+    /// the population ebbs and flows smoothly over the day) and an hourly party re-formation which
+    /// groups bots that lost or never had a party (e.g. after rotating back in).
+    /// </summary>
+    private async ValueTask RunMaintenanceAsync(GameContext gameContext, ServerState state)
+    {
+        if (DateTime.UtcNow < state.NextMaintenanceUtc)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // The engine fires the periodic tasks every second WITHOUT awaiting the previous run, so a pass
+        // which takes longer than its interval (spawning a bot loads a whole account from the database)
+        // would otherwise overlap with itself: two passes restarting the same bot, rotating the presence
+        // twice, forming parties in parallel. One pass at a time - like the startup below.
+        if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref state.MaintenanceRunning, 1, 0) != 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var logger = gameContext.LoggerFactory.CreateLogger(this.GetType().Name);
+        try
+        {
+            state.NextMaintenanceUtc = DateTime.UtcNow + MaintenanceInterval;
+
+            var configuration = this.Configuration;
+            if (configuration?.Enabled != true)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            await this.RespawnPendingAsync(gameContext, state).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            await this.RestartFaultedBotsAsync(gameContext, state, logger).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            await this.EvolveDueMastersAsync(gameContext, state, logger).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+            if (configuration.PresenceRotation)
+            {
+                await this.RotatePresenceAsync(gameContext, state, configuration, logger).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+
+            if (DateTime.UtcNow >= state.NextPartyReformUtc)
+            {
+                state.NextPartyReformUtc = DateTime.UtcNow + PartyReformInterval;
+                await state.Manager.FormPartiesAsync(gameContext).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            logger.LogError(ex, "Bot maintenance failed.");
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Interlocked.Exchange(ref state.MaintenanceRunning, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Restarts bots whose AI keeps throwing (see <see cref="BotPlayer.AwaitsFaultRestart"/>). The
+    /// engine's attribute system is not thread-safe, and a lost race can corrupt a character's attribute
+    /// graph for good: the bot stops playing and every following tick throws the same exception, up to a
+    /// flood of them per second. A fresh login rebuilds the graph and heals it - the same thing a player
+    /// would do, and the only cure available from outside the engine. Runs from the maintenance pass,
+    /// which is the only place allowed to restart a bot.
+    /// </summary>
+    private async ValueTask RestartFaultedBotsAsync(GameContext gameContext, ServerState state, ILogger logger)
+    {
+        foreach (var bot in state.Manager.Bots)
+        {
+            if (!bot.AwaitsFaultRestart)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var loginName = bot.Account?.LoginName;
+            var characterSlot = bot.SelectedCharacter?.CharacterSlot;
+            bot.AwaitsFaultRestart = false;
+            try
+            {
+                if (!await state.Manager.RestartBotAsync(gameContext, bot).ConfigureAwait(false)
+                    && loginName is not null
+                    && characterSlot is { } slot)
+                {
+                    state.PendingRespawns.Enqueue((loginName, slot));
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                logger.LogError(ex, "Failed to restart the faulted bot '{Name}'.", bot.Name);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Evolves bots which reached the game's maximum level into their master class (see
+    /// <see cref="BotMasterHandler"/> for the rules, including the iron rule of reset servers).
+    /// Runs from the maintenance pass - outside the bot's own AI tick - because the evolved bot is
+    /// restarted right away (see <see cref="BotManager.RestartBotAsync"/>), which must not happen
+    /// from within one of its own timer callbacks.
+    /// </summary>
+    private async ValueTask EvolveDueMastersAsync(GameContext gameContext, ServerState state, ILogger logger)
+    {
+        foreach (var bot in state.Manager.Bots)
+        {
+            // Not while it hunts with a human (the restart would desert the group), sits in an NPC
+            // dialog or lies dead - like a due reset, the evolution simply happens on a later pass.
+            if (BotPartyHandler.HasHumanCompanion(bot)
+                || bot.PlayerState.CurrentState != PlayerState.EnteredWorld
+                || !bot.IsAlive)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (bot.AwaitsMasterRestart)
+            {
+                await this.RestartEvolvedBotAsync(gameContext, state, bot, logger).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (BotMasterHandler.IsMasterEvolutionDue(bot))
+            {
+                // The class change and its save go through the bot's own tick, like every other
+                // bot-initiated mutation (see OfflinePlayer.PendingBotActions): running them from the
+                // maintenance pass would write the character through the same persistence context the
+                // combat tick is using at that very moment. The restart follows on the next pass -
+                // it must NOT happen from within one of the bot's own timer callbacks.
+                bot.PendingBotActions.Enqueue(async () =>
+                {
+                    if (await BotMasterHandler.TryEvolveAsync(bot).ConfigureAwait(false))
+                    {
+                        bot.AwaitsMasterRestart = true;
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gives the freshly evolved bot the "relog" it needs: the master class's base attributes (master
+    /// experience rate, master points per level) and the master level stat are only mounted when a
+    /// character enters the world (see <see cref="BotManager.RestartBotAsync"/>).
+    /// </summary>
+    private async ValueTask RestartEvolvedBotAsync(GameContext gameContext, ServerState state, BotPlayer bot, ILogger logger)
+    {
+        // Captured before the restart - the disposed bot loses its account and character.
+        var loginName = bot.Account?.LoginName;
+        var characterSlot = bot.SelectedCharacter?.CharacterSlot;
+        bot.AwaitsMasterRestart = false;
+        try
+        {
+            if (!await state.Manager.RestartBotAsync(gameContext, bot).ConfigureAwait(false)
+                && loginName is not null
+                && characterSlot is { } slot)
+            {
+                // The evolution is persisted; only the presence is at risk. RespawnPendingAsync
+                // drops the entry when the bot is (still or again) online, so a kept-alive old
+                // instance or a rotation comeback doesn't get doubled.
+                logger.LogWarning("Evolved bot '{Name}' could not be respawned right away; retrying on the next pass.", bot.Name);
+                state.PendingRespawns.Enqueue((loginName, slot));
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            logger.LogError(ex, "Failed to restart bot '{Name}' after its master evolution.", bot.Name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Retries bringing back bots whose respawn after the master evolution failed.
+    /// </summary>
+    private async ValueTask RespawnPendingAsync(GameContext gameContext, ServerState state)
+    {
+        var count = state.PendingRespawns.Count;
+        for (var i = 0; i < count && state.PendingRespawns.TryDequeue(out var entry); i++)
+        {
+            if (state.Manager.IsActive(entry.Login, entry.Slot))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (!await state.Manager.SpawnBotAsync(gameContext, entry.Login, entry.Slot).ConfigureAwait(false))
+            {
+                state.PendingRespawns.Enqueue(entry);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Rotates the presence of the bots THIS server animates (see <see cref="BotServerPartition"/>):
+    /// each server keeps the daily curve within its own share of the population.
+    /// </summary>
+    private async ValueTask RotatePresenceAsync(GameContext gameContext, ServerState state, BotConfiguration configuration, ILogger logger)
+    {
+        if (state.Partition is not { AccountCount: > 0 } partition)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var charactersPerAccount = configuration.GetEffectiveCharactersPerAccount();
+        var totalPopulation = partition.AccountCount * charactersPerAccount;
+        if (totalPopulation <= 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var minShare = Math.Clamp(configuration.MinOnlineSharePercent, 0, 100) / 100.0;
+
+        // Local wall-clock time on purpose (the rest of the class uses UtcNow for durations): this curve
+        // models human presence - fewest in the early morning, most in the evening - so it has to follow
+        // the players' day, which is the host's local time, not UTC. On a UTC-configured host the two
+        // coincide; on a host set to the player base's zone, local time keeps the peak in their evening.
+        var activity = ActivityByHour[DateTime.Now.Hour];
+        var targetOnline = (int)Math.Round(totalPopulation * (minShare + ((1.0 - minShare) * activity)));
+        var online = state.Manager.Bots.Count;
+
+        if (online < targetOnline)
+        {
+            // Bring one bot online: pick a random character which is currently offline.
+            var offline = new List<(string Login, byte Slot)>();
+            for (var i = partition.FirstAccount; i < partition.FirstAccount + partition.AccountCount; i++)
+            {
+                var loginName = BotGenerator.GetLoginName(i);
+                for (byte slot = 0; slot < charactersPerAccount; slot++)
+                {
+                    if (!state.Manager.IsActive(loginName, slot))
+                    {
+                        offline.Add((loginName, slot));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (offline.SelectRandom() is { Login: not null } candidate
+                && await state.Manager.SpawnBotAsync(gameContext, candidate.Login, candidate.Slot).ConfigureAwait(false))
+            {
+                logger.LogInformation("Bot presence rotation: +1 (online {Online}/{Target} of {Total}).", online + 1, targetOnline, totalPopulation);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (online > targetOnline)
+        {
+            var stopped = await state.Manager.StopRandomBotAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+            if (stopped is not null)
+            {
+                logger.LogInformation("Bot presence rotation: -1 '{Name}' (online {Online}/{Target} of {Total}).", stopped, online - 1, targetOnline, totalPopulation);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Persists the current configuration back to its <see cref="PlugInConfiguration"/> row, so a
+    /// programmatic change (e.g. clearing the reset flag) survives a restart.
+    /// </summary>
+    private async ValueTask PersistConfigurationAsync(GameContext gameContext, BotConfiguration configuration, ILogger logger)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            // Load the configuration through a fresh context so the PlugInConfiguration entity is tracked
+            // and the change is actually persisted - the in-memory cached config graph is not tracked.
+            using var context = gameContext.PersistenceContextProvider.CreateNewContext();
+            var typeId = typeof(BotFeaturePlugIn).GUID;
+            var gameConfiguration = (await context.GetAsync<GameConfiguration>().ConfigureAwait(false)).FirstOrDefault();
+            var entity = gameConfiguration?.PlugInConfigurations.FirstOrDefault(c => c.TypeId == typeId);
+            if (entity is null)
+            {
+                logger.LogWarning("Could not find the bot plugin configuration row to persist.");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            entity.SetConfiguration(configuration, gameContext.PlugInManager.CustomConfigReferenceHandler);
+            await context.SaveChangesAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            logger.LogError(ex, "Failed to persist the bot plugin configuration.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The bot feature's state of ONE game server: its own share of the population, its own bots, and
+    /// its own startup and maintenance schedule (see <see cref="_states"/>).
+    /// </summary>
+    private sealed class ServerState
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The <see cref="StartupPhase"/> of this server, as a raw <see cref="int"/>: it is transitioned
+        /// with <see cref="Interlocked"/>, which has no overload for arbitrary enum types, so the field
+        /// stays an <see cref="int"/> and the phase constants are cast at the call sites.
+        /// </summary>
+        private int _startupState;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 1 while a maintenance pass runs, so the next timer tick doesn't start a second one in
+        /// parallel. Interlocked-updated, hence a field.
+        /// </summary>
+        private int _maintenanceRunning;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the bots this server animates.
+        /// </summary>
+        public BotManager Manager { get; } = new();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the bots whose spawn failed - the account may not be generated yet (another game server
+        /// is generating the population), or a respawn after the master evolution did not go through.
+        /// Retried on the following maintenance passes.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ConcurrentQueue<(string Login, byte Slot)> PendingRespawns { get; } = new();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the share of the bot population which this server animates.
+        /// </summary>
+        public BotServerPartition? Partition { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the time of this server's (single) startup pass.
+        /// </summary>
+        public DateTime NextRunUtc { get; set; } = DateTime.UtcNow + StartupDelay;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the time of this server's next maintenance pass.
+        /// </summary>
+        public DateTime NextMaintenanceUtc { get; set; } = DateTime.UtcNow + StartupDelay + StartupDelay;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the time of this server's next bot party re-formation.
+        /// </summary>
+        public DateTime NextPartyReformUtc { get; set; } = DateTime.UtcNow + PartyReformInterval;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a reference to the startup state, for the interlocked transitions of the startup pass.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ref int StartupState => ref this._startupState;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a reference to the maintenance flag, for the interlocked guard of the maintenance pass.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ref int MaintenanceRunning => ref this._maintenanceRunning;
+    }
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotGenerator.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,629 @@
+// <copyright file="BotGenerator.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.AttributeSystem;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration.Items;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Entities;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Attributes;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Resets;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.Persistence;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Generates and maintains the persistent population of bot accounts and their characters.
+/// </summary>
+/// <remarks>
+/// Accounts are flagged with <see cref="Account.IsBot"/> so they can be reliably reloaded on
+/// startup (instead of being regenerated) and purged on request. The account login names follow
+/// a deterministic, internal scheme (<see cref="GetLoginName"/>) which is never shown to other
+/// players; the player-visible character names are realistic and unique (see <see cref="BotNameGenerator"/>).
+/// Generation is idempotent: only the missing accounts are created, so it is safe to run on every start.
+/// </remarks>
+internal sealed class BotGenerator
+{
+    private const string LoginPrefix = "bot";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// BCrypt work factor for a bot account's password. The password is a random <see cref="Guid"/>
+    /// which is discarded immediately and never used to log in - a bot is a connection-less
+    /// <c>OfflinePlayer</c>, so no client ever authenticates against it. A minimal factor is therefore
+    /// safe (a 128-bit random secret is infeasible to brute-force regardless of the factor) and keeps
+    /// generating a large population from becoming a multi-minute BCrypt bottleneck, while still storing
+    /// a valid BCrypt hash. The default factor is kept for real accounts.
+    /// </summary>
+    private const int BotPasswordWorkFactor = 4;
+
+    private const int MinLevel = 10;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The highest generated level. High enough that the upper maps (Tarkan, Aida, Kanturu, ...) get a
+    /// resident bot population and that some bots start beyond the class evolution level
+    /// (<see cref="BotProgression.ClassEvolutionLevel"/>) - those are created as their second-generation
+    /// class right away, like a player who did the class quest long ago.
+    /// </summary>
+    private const int MaxLevel = 250;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Skew of the level distribution: values above 1 make low and mid levels more common than high
+    /// ones, like a real server's population pyramid (an even spread would feel top-heavy).
+    /// </summary>
+    private const double LevelSkew = 1.6;
+    private const int StartMoney = 100000;
+
+    /// <summary>Upgrade level (+6) of the starter gear, giving fresh bots a survival buffer until they can warp.</summary>
+    private const byte StarterItemLevel = 6;
+
+    /// <summary>Number of inventory extensions (each 4 rows of 8 slots) a bot gets, so loot does not clog its backpack.</summary>
+    private const int BotInventoryExtensions = 4;
+
+    /// <summary>Highest item group that is a melee weapon (0 sword, 1 axe, 2 mace, 3 spear).</summary>
+    private const byte MaxMeleeGroup = 3;
+
+    /// <summary>Item group of bows (need ammunition).</summary>
+    private const byte BowGroup = 4;
+
+    /// <summary>Item group of staves/sticks (casters).</summary>
+    private const byte StaffGroup = 5;
+
+    /// <summary>Item group of body armor; its item number identifies the armor set.</summary>
+    private const byte ArmorGroup = 8;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Armor set numbers tried in thematic order; the first the class is qualified for (by its chest piece)
+    /// is used: 5 Leather (warriors), 2 Pad (wizards), 10 Vine (elves), 39 Mistery (summoners), then fallbacks.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly byte[] ArmorSetCandidates = { 5, 2, 10, 39, 6, 0, 4, 8 };
+
+    private readonly IGameContext _gameContext;
+    private readonly ILogger _logger;
+    private readonly BotNameGenerator _nameGenerator = new();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="BotGenerator"/> class.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="gameContext">The game context.</param>
+    /// <param name="logger">The logger.</param>
+    public BotGenerator(IGameContext gameContext, ILogger logger)
+    {
+        this._gameContext = gameContext;
+        this._logger = logger;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the deterministic, internal login name of the bot account with the given one-based index.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="index">The one-based account index.</param>
+    /// <returns>The login name, e.g. <c>bot0001</c> (kept within the 10 character account name limit).</returns>
+    public static string GetLoginName(int index) => $"{LoginPrefix}{index:D4}";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Ensures that the configured number of bot accounts (each with the configured number of
+    /// characters) exists. Only missing accounts are created.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="numberOfAccounts">The desired number of bot accounts.</param>
+    /// <param name="charactersPerAccount">The desired number of characters per account.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">The cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>The number of accounts that were newly created.</returns>
+    public async ValueTask<int> EnsureBotsAsync(int numberOfAccounts, int charactersPerAccount, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        var creatableClasses = this._gameContext.Configuration.CharacterClasses
+            .Where(c => c is { CanGetCreated: true, HomeMap: not null })
+            .ToList();
+        if (creatableClasses.Count == 0)
+        {
+            this._logger.LogWarning("No creatable character classes found - cannot generate bots.");
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        var perAccount = Math.Clamp(
+            Math.Min(charactersPerAccount, this._gameContext.Configuration.MaximumCharactersPerAccount),
+            1,
+            BotConfiguration.MaxCharactersPerAccountLimit);
+
+        var experienceTable = this._gameContext.ExperienceTable;
+        var maxLevel = Math.Min(MaxLevel, experienceTable.Length - 1);
+        var minLevel = Math.Clamp(MinLevel, 1, maxLevel);
+
+        // On servers with the reset feature the existing population has resets, so freshly generated
+        // bots get a random reset history too - a visitor should meet believable veterans (even TOP,
+        // max-reset characters), not a population uniformly starting from zero. Only possible when the
+        // configuration bounds the resets; unlimited-reset servers keep unseeded bots.
+        var resetConfiguration = BotResetHandler.GetResetConfiguration(this._gameContext);
+        var maxSeededResets = resetConfiguration?.ResetLimit is > 0 ? resetConfiguration.ResetLimit.Value : 0;
+
+        using var context = this._gameContext.PersistenceContextProvider.CreateNewPlayerContext(this._gameContext.Configuration);
+        var reservedNames = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        var created = 0;
+
+        // Build a balanced, shuffled queue of classes so the whole population is evenly split across
+        // all creatable classes. Independent random draws leave visible skew at this scale (e.g. 11
+        // Summoners vs 4 Elves for 50 bots); the quota queue guarantees ~even counts, drawn per character.
+        var classQueue = BuildBalancedClassQueue(creatableClasses, numberOfAccounts * perAccount);
+
+        for (var i = 1; i <= numberOfAccounts; i++)
+        {
+            cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
+            var loginName = GetLoginName(i);
+            var existing = await context.GetAccountByLoginNameAsync(loginName, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            if (existing is not null)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var account = context.CreateNew<Account>();
+            account.LoginName = loginName;
+            account.PasswordHash = BCrypt.Net.BCrypt.HashPassword(Guid.NewGuid().ToString(), BotPasswordWorkFactor);
+            account.IsBot = true;
+            account.Vault = context.CreateNew<ItemStorage>();
+
+            for (byte slot = 0; slot < perAccount; slot++)
+            {
+                var characterClass = classQueue.Count > 0 ? classQueue.Dequeue() : creatableClasses.SelectRandom()!;
+                var level = minLevel + (int)((maxLevel - minLevel) * Math.Pow(Rand.NextInt(0, 1001) / 1000.0, LevelSkew));
+                var seededResets = maxSeededResets > 0 ? Rand.NextInt(0, maxSeededResets + 1) : 0;
+                var name = await this._nameGenerator.GenerateUniqueAsync(context, reservedNames, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                this.CreateCharacter(context, account, name, characterClass, level, slot, experienceTable, seededResets, resetConfiguration);
+            }
+
+            // Save per account so a single failure does not roll back already generated accounts,
+            // and re-runs simply resume where they left off (idempotent).
+            if (await context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
+            {
+                created++;
+                this._logger.LogInformation("Generated bot account '{LoginName}' with {Count} character(s).", loginName, perAccount);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return created;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Deletes all bot accounts with their characters, item storages and items.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">The cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>The number of deleted bot accounts.</returns>
+    public async ValueTask<int> DeleteAllBotsAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        using var context = this._gameContext.PersistenceContextProvider.CreateNewPlayerContext(this._gameContext.Configuration);
+
+        // Collect first, delete afterwards: the paging query orders by login name, so deleting while
+        // paging would shift the accounts which are not visited yet into the pages already passed.
+        var loginNames = new List<string>();
+        const int pageSize = 100;
+        var skip = 0;
+        while (true)
+        {
+            cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
+            var page = (await context.GetAccountsOrderedByLoginNameAsync(skip, pageSize, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false)).ToList();
+            if (page.Count == 0)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            loginNames.AddRange(page.Where(account => account.IsBot).Select(account => account.LoginName));
+            skip += page.Count;
+        }
+
+        var deleted = 0;
+        foreach (var loginName in loginNames)
+        {
+            cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
+
+            // Load the account again, this time with its whole graph: the paging query returns the
+            // accounts untracked and without their characters, and deleting such a shallow account
+            // leaves its item storages behind. A character's inventory is referenced BY the character,
+            // so no delete cascade ever reaches it - those storages, and every item lying in them, would
+            // stay in the database forever as unreachable rows.
+            var account = await context.GetAccountByLoginNameAsync(loginName, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            if (account is null)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            foreach (var character in account.Characters)
+            {
+                if (character.Inventory is { } inventory)
+                {
+                    await context.DeleteAsync(inventory).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (account.Vault is { } vault)
+            {
+                await context.DeleteAsync(vault).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+
+            if (await context.DeleteAsync(account).ConfigureAwait(false))
+            {
+                deleted++;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Not silent: a bot account which survives the purge is spawned again right after it.
+                this._logger.LogWarning("Bot account '{LoginName}' could not be deleted.", loginName);
+            }
+
+            // Save per account, so a single failure does not roll back the accounts already deleted.
+            await context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+
+        return deleted;
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] CreateDefaultKeyConfiguration()
+    {
+        // Mirrors CreateCharacterAction: bind Q to the healing potion and W to the mana potion,
+        // leave E and R unbound. An all-zero blob would otherwise bind the apple (a heal) to all slots.
+        const byte healingPotion = 1;
+        const byte manaPotion = 4;
+        const byte unbound = 0xFF;
+
+        var keyConfiguration = new byte[30];
+        keyConfiguration[21] = healingPotion; // Q
+        keyConfiguration[22] = manaPotion; // W
+        keyConfiguration[23] = unbound; // E
+        keyConfiguration[25] = unbound; // R
+        return keyConfiguration;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Builds a shuffled queue of character classes with even quotas across <paramref name="classes"/>,
+    /// so the generated population is balanced instead of relying on the variance of independent random
+    /// draws. The order is randomized so accounts do not get a predictable class pattern.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static Queue<CharacterClass> BuildBalancedClassQueue(IList<CharacterClass> classes, int total)
+    {
+        var pool = new List<CharacterClass>(total);
+        for (var n = 0; n < total; n++)
+        {
+            // Even quotas: class index cycles, so each class appears total/count times (+1 for the first remainder classes).
+            pool.Add(classes[n % classes.Count]);
+        }
+
+        // Fisher-Yates shuffle so the balanced pool is handed out in random order.
+        for (var n = pool.Count - 1; n > 0; n--)
+        {
+            var j = Rand.NextInt(0, n + 1);
+            (pool[n], pool[j]) = (pool[j], pool[n]);
+        }
+
+        return new Queue<CharacterClass>(pool);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Spends the character's level-up points, so a high-level bot actually has high-level stats.
+    /// Without this a generated level-80 bot would fight with level-1 base stats (tiny health and
+    /// damage) and die instantly. The split follows the class build in <see cref="BotProgression"/>
+    /// for the server's meta profile (reset vs classic) - the same split the bot keeps using for
+    /// points it earns at runtime - and respects each stat's configured maximum (fun servers) as
+    /// well as the bot's personal vitality target on reset-meta servers.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static void DistributeStatPoints(Character character, CharacterClass characterClass, bool resetMeta)
+    {
+        var points = character.LevelUpPoints;
+        if (points <= 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var weights = BotProgression.GetStatWeights(characterClass, character.Name, resetMeta);
+        var vitalityTarget = resetMeta ? BotProgression.GetVitalityTarget(character.Name) : (int?)null;
+
+        long CapacityOf(AttributeDefinition stat)
+        {
+            var attribute = character.Attributes.FirstOrDefault(a => a.Definition == stat);
+            if (attribute is null)
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            var classBase = characterClass.StatAttributes.FirstOrDefault(a => a.Attribute == stat);
+            var capacity = long.MaxValue;
+            if (classBase?.Attribute?.MaximumValue is { } maximumValue)
+            {
+                capacity = (long)maximumValue - (long)attribute.Value;
+            }
+
+            if (vitalityTarget is { } target && stat == Stats.BaseVitality)
+            {
+                var invested = (long)attribute.Value - (long)(classBase?.BaseValue ?? 0f);
+                capacity = Math.Min(capacity, target - invested);
+            }
+
+            return capacity;
+        }
+
+        foreach (var (stat, amount) in BotProgression.SplitPoints(points, weights, CapacityOf))
+        {
+            var attribute = character.Attributes.FirstOrDefault(a => a.Definition == stat);
+            if (attribute is not null)
+            {
+                attribute.Value += amount;
+                character.LevelUpPoints -= amount;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Calculates the level-up points a character with the given reset history would have available,
+    /// so a seeded bot invests the same total a player of that history would: the points granted by
+    /// the resets themselves (looped through <see cref="ResetProgressionCalculator"/>, so tiers,
+    /// multipliers and the replace/add mode of the server's configuration all apply) plus the points
+    /// earned by leveling. With <see cref="ResetConfiguration.ResetStats"/> the level points of the
+    /// finished cycles were invested and wiped again at each reset, so only the current cycle's count;
+    /// without it every cycle's investment survived and still counts.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static int CalculateLevelUpPoints(CharacterClass characterClass, int level, int seededResets, ResetConfiguration? resetConfiguration)
+    {
+        var pointsPerLevel = (int)characterClass.StatAttributes.First(a => a.Attribute == Stats.PointsPerLevelUp).BaseValue;
+        if (seededResets <= 0 || resetConfiguration is null)
+        {
+            return (level - 1) * pointsPerLevel;
+        }
+
+        var pointsPerResetOverride = (int)(characterClass.StatAttributes.FirstOrDefault(a => a.Attribute == Stats.PointsPerReset)?.BaseValue ?? 0f);
+        var resetPoints = 0;
+        for (var reset = 0; reset < seededResets; reset++)
+        {
+            var progression = ResetProgressionCalculator.Calculate(reset, pointsPerResetOverride, resetConfiguration);
+            resetPoints = resetConfiguration.ReplacePointsPerReset
+                ? progression.TotalPointsAfterReset
+                : resetPoints + progression.PointsForReset;
+        }
+
+        var currentCyclePoints = Math.Max(0, level - resetConfiguration.LevelAfterReset) * pointsPerLevel;
+        if (resetConfiguration.ResetStats)
+        {
+            return resetPoints + currentCyclePoints;
+        }
+
+        var firstCyclePoints = Math.Max(0, resetConfiguration.RequiredLevel - 1) * pointsPerLevel;
+        var laterCyclesPoints = (seededResets - 1) * Math.Max(0, resetConfiguration.RequiredLevel - resetConfiguration.LevelAfterReset) * pointsPerLevel;
+        return resetPoints + firstCyclePoints + laterCyclesPoints + currentCyclePoints;
+    }
+
+    private void CreateCharacter(IPlayerContext context, Account account, string name, CharacterClass characterClass, int level, byte slot, long[] experienceTable, int seededResets, ResetConfiguration? resetConfiguration)
+    {
+        // A character generated beyond the class evolution level was created as its second-generation
+        // class right away - like a player who completed the class quest long ago. Everything downstream
+        // (stat weights, skills, gear) keys off the evolved class. A character with a seeded reset
+        // history evolved in its first cycle at the latest - provided the reset's required level lies
+        // beyond the evolution level (the check below), which makes it pass the evolution on the way
+        // to its first reset regardless of its current in-cycle level.
+        var passedEvolutionInEarlierCycle = seededResets > 0 && resetConfiguration?.RequiredLevel >= BotProgression.ClassEvolutionLevel;
+        if ((level >= BotProgression.ClassEvolutionLevel || passedEvolutionInEarlierCycle)
+            && BotProgression.GetEvolutionTarget(characterClass) is { } evolvedClass)
+        {
+            characterClass = evolvedClass;
+        }
+
+        var character = context.CreateNew<Character>();
+        character.CharacterClass = characterClass;
+        character.Name = name;
+        character.CharacterSlot = slot;
+        character.CreateDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        character.KeyConfiguration = CreateDefaultKeyConfiguration();
+
+        foreach (var attribute in characterClass.StatAttributes.Select(a => context.CreateNew<StatAttribute>(a.Attribute, a.BaseValue)))
+        {
+            character.Attributes.Add(attribute);
+        }
+
+        character.CurrentMap = characterClass.HomeMap;
+        var spawnGate = character.CurrentMap!.ExitGates.Where(g => g.IsSpawnGate).SelectRandom();
+        if (spawnGate is not null)
+        {
+            character.PositionX = (byte)Rand.NextInt(spawnGate.X1, spawnGate.X2);
+            character.PositionY = (byte)Rand.NextInt(spawnGate.Y1, spawnGate.Y2);
+        }
+
+        var levelAttribute = character.Attributes.First(a => a.Definition == Stats.Level);
+        levelAttribute.Value = level;
+        if (seededResets > 0
+            && character.Attributes.FirstOrDefault(a => a.Definition == Stats.Resets) is { } resetsAttribute)
+        {
+            // Persisted exactly like a real player's resets (a per-character stat attribute), so the
+            // reset counter, the effective level and the reset limit all see the seeded history.
+            resetsAttribute.Value = seededResets;
+        }
+
+        character.Experience = experienceTable[Math.Min(level, experienceTable.Length - 1)];
+        character.LevelUpPoints = CalculateLevelUpPoints(characterClass, level, seededResets, resetConfiguration);
+        character.InventoryExtensions = BotInventoryExtensions;
+        DistributeStatPoints(character, characterClass, resetConfiguration is not null);
+
+        // Skills survive resets, so a seeded veteran knows everything the highest level of its past
+        // cycles unlocked - level-gated skills are checked against that level, not the current one.
+        var highestLevelReached = seededResets > 0 && resetConfiguration is not null
+            ? Math.Max(level, resetConfiguration.RequiredLevel)
+            : level;
+        this.LearnClassSkills(context, character, characterClass, highestLevelReached);
+
+        character.Inventory = context.CreateNew<ItemStorage>();
+        character.Inventory.Money = StartMoney;
+        this.EquipStarterGear(context, character, resetConfiguration is not null);
+
+        account.Characters.Add(character);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Teaches the character the class skills appropriate to its level and stats - attack skills as well
+    /// as the class's own buffs and heals (e.g. elf Heal/Greater Defense/Greater Damage). Only skills the
+    /// class is qualified for are ever learned, gated by the skills' real learn requirements from the game
+    /// configuration (total energy, leadership, character level, ...) evaluated against the stats the bot
+    /// was just given - exactly the requirements a human player has to meet for the same skill.
+    /// </summary>
+    private void LearnClassSkills(IPlayerContext context, Character character, CharacterClass characterClass, int level)
+    {
+        float? GetValue(AttributeDefinition attribute)
+        {
+            if (BotProgression.TotalToBaseStat(attribute) is not { } baseStat)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            return baseStat == Stats.Level
+                ? level
+                : character.Attributes.FirstOrDefault(a => a.Definition == baseStat)?.Value;
+        }
+
+        var learnedNumbers = new HashSet<short>(character.LearnedSkills.Select(s => s.Skill!.Number));
+        foreach (var skill in this._gameContext.Configuration.Skills)
+        {
+            if (!BotProgression.IsBotLearnableSkill(skill)
+                || !skill.QualifiedCharacters.Contains(characterClass)
+                || !BotProgression.MeetsRequirements(skill, GetValue)
+                || !learnedNumbers.Add(skill.Number))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var entry = context.CreateNew<SkillEntry>();
+            entry.Skill = skill;
+            entry.Level = 0;
+            character.LearnedSkills.Add(entry);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Equips the bot with a basic, class-appropriate weapon and armor set (mirrors the low-level test
+    /// account gear), so it is not naked and punching with its fists. The item level scales modestly
+    /// with the bot level for a bit more defense/damage without raising the equip requirements too high.
+    /// </summary>
+    private void EquipStarterGear(IPlayerContext context, Character character, bool resetMeta)
+    {
+        var inventory = character.Inventory!;
+        var characterClass = character.CharacterClass!;
+
+        // Data-driven so every class gets gear it is actually QUALIFIED to wear (a Dark Lord must never
+        // end up in a Pad/wizard set). We pick the most basic options (lowest DropLevel) the class can use:
+        // - a weapon from the weapon groups (0 sword, 1 axe, 2 mace, 3 spear, 4 bow, 5 staff),
+        // - the armor set whose chest piece (group 8) has the lowest DropLevel; its NUMBER identifies the set,
+        //   and the equipment type is the GROUP (7 helm, 8 armor, 9 pants, 10 gloves, 11 boots).
+        // The weapon type follows the bot's BUILD (BotProgression.IsPreferredWeaponGroup - the same rule the
+        // later upgrades use), so an energy-specced Magic Gladiator starts with a staff instead of a blade.
+        // The Small Axe is qualified for almost every class, so without this filter casters and archers would
+        // all end up with one.
+        bool IsPreferredWeapon(ItemDefinition definition)
+            => BotProgression.IsPreferredWeaponGroup(characterClass, character.Name, resetMeta, (byte)definition.Group);
+
+        // Ammunition shares the bow group (Bolt/Arrows have DropLevel 0), so without this filter every
+        // archer would get a bolt stack as its "weapon" and end up punching with its fists.
+        var weapon = this._gameContext.Configuration.Items
+                .Where(d => IsPreferredWeapon(d) && !d.IsAmmunition && d.QualifiedCharacters.Contains(characterClass))
+                .MinBy(d => d.DropLevel)
+            ?? this._gameContext.Configuration.Items
+                .Where(d => d.Group <= StaffGroup && !d.IsAmmunition && d.QualifiedCharacters.Contains(characterClass))
+                .MinBy(d => d.DropLevel);
+        if (weapon is not null)
+        {
+            if (weapon.Group == BowGroup)
+            {
+                // Bows need ammunition; the arrows go into the left hand.
+                this.AddEquippedItem(context, inventory, characterClass, InventoryConstants.RightHandSlot, weapon);
+                this.AddAmmunition(context, inventory);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                this.AddEquippedItem(context, inventory, characterClass, InventoryConstants.LeftHandSlot, weapon);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Choose a thematically appropriate armor set the class can wear, tried in order (warriors -> Leather,
+        // wizards -> Pad, elves -> Vine, summoners -> Mistery, then fallbacks). Each piece is added only if the
+        // class is qualified for it, so e.g. the Magic Gladiator keeps the set but skips the helm it can't wear.
+        foreach (var set in ArmorSetCandidates)
+        {
+            if (this._gameContext.Configuration.Items.FirstOrDefault(d => d.Group == ArmorGroup && d.Number == set) is not { } chest
+                || !chest.QualifiedCharacters.Contains(characterClass))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            this.EquipArmorPiece(context, inventory, characterClass, InventoryConstants.HelmSlot, 7, set);
+            this.EquipArmorPiece(context, inventory, characterClass, InventoryConstants.ArmorSlot, 8, set);
+            this.EquipArmorPiece(context, inventory, characterClass, InventoryConstants.PantsSlot, 9, set);
+            this.EquipArmorPiece(context, inventory, characterClass, InventoryConstants.GlovesSlot, 10, set);
+            this.EquipArmorPiece(context, inventory, characterClass, InventoryConstants.BootsSlot, 11, set);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        this.AddPotions(context, inventory);
+    }
+
+    private void AddPotions(IPlayerContext context, ItemStorage inventory)
+    {
+        // A stack of Large Healing Potions so the offline HealingHandler has something to drink, and a
+        // stack of Large Mana Potions so casters can keep casting instead of degrading to weak melee once
+        // their mana runs dry. The BotNavigator tops both up at runtime, so the bot never runs out.
+        // Durability holds the stack count.
+        this.AddPotionStack(context, inventory, 3, InventoryConstants.EquippableSlotsCount);      // Large Healing Potion, first backpack slot
+        this.AddPotionStack(context, inventory, 6, (byte)(InventoryConstants.EquippableSlotsCount + 1)); // Large Mana Potion, second backpack slot
+    }
+
+    private void AddPotionStack(IPlayerContext context, ItemStorage inventory, byte potionNumber, byte slot)
+    {
+        var potion = this._gameContext.Configuration.Items.FirstOrDefault(d => d.Group == 14 && d.Number == potionNumber);
+        if (potion is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var item = context.CreateNew<Item>();
+        item.Definition = potion;
+
+        // Only a handful of charges to start with: fresh bots head to the merchant right away and buy
+        // their supplies with their starting Zen, kicking off the shopping economy from minute one
+        // (kept just above the emergency top-up threshold, so the economy path - not the fallback - runs).
+        item.Durability = Rand.NextInt(10, 16);
+        item.ItemSlot = slot;
+        inventory.Items.Add(item);
+    }
+
+    private void EquipArmorPiece(IPlayerContext context, ItemStorage inventory, CharacterClass characterClass, byte slot, int group, int number)
+    {
+        var definition = this._gameContext.Configuration.Items.FirstOrDefault(d => d.Group == group && d.Number == number);
+        if (definition is null || !definition.QualifiedCharacters.Contains(characterClass))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        this.AddEquippedItem(context, inventory, characterClass, slot, definition);
+    }
+
+    private void AddEquippedItem(IPlayerContext context, ItemStorage inventory, CharacterClass characterClass, byte slot, ItemDefinition definition)
+    {
+        if (!definition.QualifiedCharacters.Contains(characterClass))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var item = context.CreateNew<Item>();
+        item.Definition = definition;
+        item.Level = StarterItemLevel;
+        item.Durability = definition.Durability;
+        item.ItemSlot = slot;
+        inventory.Items.Add(item);
+    }
+
+    private void AddAmmunition(IPlayerContext context, ItemStorage inventory)
+    {
+        var arrows = this._gameContext.Configuration.Items.FirstOrDefault(d => d.Group == 4 && d.Number == 15);
+        if (arrows is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var item = context.CreateNew<Item>();
+        item.Definition = arrows;
+        item.Durability = 255;
+        item.ItemSlot = InventoryConstants.LeftHandSlot;
+        inventory.Items.Add(item);
+    }
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotJewelHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+// <copyright file="BotJewelHandler.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration.Items;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Offline;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlayerActions.ItemConsumeActions;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlayerActions.Items;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Lets a bot invest its looted jewels into its own gear like a real player would: after a shopping
+/// trip (a rare, safe moment in town), it takes a piece of equipment off, applies a Jewel of Bless,
+/// Soul or Life through the regular <see cref="ItemConsumeAction"/> - the same validations, success
+/// rates and failure penalties as for a human - and puts the piece back on.
+/// The policy mirrors common player behavior: Bless (always succeeds) pushes the weakest equipped
+/// piece towards +6, whether it has luck or not; Soul (50%, +25% with luck; a failure at +6 drops
+/// the item to +5, from +7 on it resets it to +0) is only risked with a spare in stock, on plain
+/// items only at +6 and up to +9 only on lucky ones; Life (50%, removes the option on failure) is
+/// used sparingly on already upgraded gear. Only a couple of jewels are spent per trip, so the
+/// upgrades trickle in over many visits like for a player instead of the whole hoard being burned
+/// at once.
+/// </summary>
+internal static class BotJewelHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The jewels a bot has a use for: it upgrades its own gear with them (see the policy above).
+    /// Everything else - Chaos, Creation, Guardian, Gemstone, Harmony, the refine stones - is only
+    /// spendable by trading or crafting, which a bot does neither of.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static readonly ItemIdentifier[] UsableJewels =
+    [
+        ItemConstants.JewelOfBless,
+        ItemConstants.JewelOfSoul,
+        ItemConstants.JewelOfLife,
+    ];
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Jewels a bot may still be carrying from before but can never spend: it neither trades nor crafts.
+    /// They are not picked up anymore, so this is about clearing out what is already in the backpack.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static readonly ItemIdentifier[] UnusableJewels =
+    [
+        ItemConstants.JewelOfChaos,
+        ItemConstants.JewelOfCreation,
+        ItemConstants.JewelOfGuardian,
+        ItemConstants.Gemstone,
+        ItemConstants.JewelOfHarmony,
+        ItemConstants.LowerRefineStone,
+        ItemConstants.HigherRefineStone,
+    ];
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Jewels of Bless per shopping trip. Each kind has its OWN budget on purpose: with one shared
+    /// budget the Bless rule - which has a target whenever any equipped piece is below +6, and a swapped
+    /// in piece arrives at the level it dropped with - consumed every use, every trip, and the Soul and
+    /// Life rules below were never reached at all.
+    /// </summary>
+    private const int MaxBlessPerTrip = 2;
+
+    /// <summary>Jewels of Soul per shopping trip.</summary>
+    private const int MaxSoulPerTrip = 1;
+
+    /// <summary>Jewels of Life per shopping trip.</summary>
+    private const int MaxLifePerTrip = 1;
+
+    /// <summary>Safety net for the planning loop; the per-kind budgets are the real limit.</summary>
+    private const int MaxUsesPerTrip = MaxBlessPerTrip + MaxSoulPerTrip + MaxLifePerTrip;
+
+    /// <summary>The Jewel of Bless upgrades item levels 0..5 (see <c>BlessJewelConsumeHandlerPlugIn</c>).</summary>
+    private const byte BlessMaxTargetLevel = 5;
+
+    /// <summary>Souls are never spent below +6 - that range is Bless territory (safe and cheap).</summary>
+    private const byte SoulMinTargetLevel = 6;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Without luck a Soul is only risked at +6, where a failure merely drops the item to +5 (a Bless
+    /// restores that): from +7 on, a failed Soul resets the item to +0
+    /// (<c>ResetToLevel0WhenFailMinLevel</c> in <c>SoulJewelConsumeHandlerPlugIn</c>), and at the base
+    /// 50% success rate that gamble wipes gear more often than not.
+    /// </summary>
+    private const byte SoulMaxTargetLevelPlain = 6;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// With luck (+25% success) the Soul may be risked up to +8, so lucky items can reach the jewel
+    /// ceiling of +9 (<c>MaximumLevel</c> in <c>SoulJewelConsumeHandlerPlugIn</c>).
+    /// </summary>
+    private const byte SoulMaxTargetLevelLucky = 8;
+
+    /// <summary>Only risk a Soul with at least this many in stock - one failure must not wipe out the reserve.</summary>
+    private const int MinSoulStock = 2;
+
+    /// <summary>Life is only worth risking on gear which already proved worth upgrading.</summary>
+    private const byte LifeMinTargetLevel = 6;
+
+    /// <summary>Only risk a Life with at least this many in stock.</summary>
+    private const int MinLifeStock = 2;
+
+    /// <summary>Fallback stock per kind when the bot feature has no configuration at hand.</summary>
+    private const int DefaultJewelStockPerKind = 10;
+
+    private static readonly ItemConsumeAction ConsumeAction = new();
+    private static readonly MoveItemAction MoveAction = new();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Spends up to <see cref="MaxUsesPerTrip"/> looted jewels on the bot's own equipment. Call this
+    /// right after a finished merchant trade: the bot stands in the safezone, the NPC dialog is closed
+    /// (player state is back at <c>EnteredWorld</c>, which the consume handlers require), and the
+    /// navigator's shopping cooldown provides the rare, player-like cadence.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player.</param>
+    public static async ValueTask TryUpgradeGearAsync(OfflinePlayer player)
+    {
+        if (player.Inventory is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var uses = 0;
+        var blessLeft = MaxBlessPerTrip;
+        var soulLeft = MaxSoulPerTrip;
+        var lifeLeft = MaxLifePerTrip;
+        while (uses < MaxUsesPerTrip && PlanNextUse(player, blessLeft, soulLeft, lifeLeft) is { } plan)
+        {
+            if (!await ApplyJewelAsync(player, plan.Jewel, plan.Target).ConfigureAwait(false))
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            uses++;
+            if (IsJewel(plan.Jewel, ItemConstants.JewelOfBless))
+            {
+                blessLeft--;
+            }
+            else if (IsJewel(plan.Jewel, ItemConstants.JewelOfSoul))
+            {
+                soulLeft--;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                lifeLeft--;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (uses > 0)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                // Persist right away like after a bot reset - a rolled Soul/Life outcome shouldn't be
+                // replayable by losing it to a crash before the next periodic save.
+                await player.SaveProgressAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                player.Logger.LogWarning(ex, "Couldn't save bot '{Name}' right after using jewels; the periodic save will retry.", player.Name);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Picks the next (jewel, equipped target item) pair according to the player-like policy, or
+    /// <c>null</c> when nothing sensible is left to do. Pure decision logic - exposed for unit tests.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player.</param>
+    /// <param name="blessLeft">How many Jewels of Bless may still be used this trip.</param>
+    /// <param name="soulLeft">How many Jewels of Soul may still be used this trip.</param>
+    /// <param name="lifeLeft">How many Jewels of Life may still be used this trip.</param>
+    internal static (Item Jewel, Item Target)? PlanNextUse(Player player, int blessLeft, int soulLeft, int lifeLeft)
+    {
+        if (player.Inventory is not { } inventory)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        var backpack = inventory.Items.Where(i => i.ItemSlot > InventoryConstants.LastEquippableItemSlotIndex).ToList();
+        var equipped = inventory.Items
+            .Where(i => i.ItemSlot <= InventoryConstants.LastEquippableItemSlotIndex
+                        && i.Definition?.IsAmmunition == false)
+            .ToList();
+
+        var blessStock = backpack.Where(i => IsJewel(i, ItemConstants.JewelOfBless)).ToList();
+        var soulStock = backpack.Where(i => IsJewel(i, ItemConstants.JewelOfSoul)).ToList();
+        var lifeStock = backpack.Where(i => IsJewel(i, ItemConstants.JewelOfLife)).ToList();
+
+        // 1. Bless - free progress: push the weakest equipped piece towards +6.
+        if (blessLeft > 0
+            && blessStock.Count > 0
+            && equipped.Where(i => i.CanLevelBeUpgraded() && i.Level <= BlessMaxTargetLevel)
+                .OrderBy(i => i.Level)
+                .FirstOrDefault() is { } blessTarget)
+        {
+            return (blessStock[0], blessTarget);
+        }
+
+        // 2. Soul - risky: only with a spare in stock, and only where the possible loss is bearable -
+        // items without luck stop at +6 -> +7 (see SoulMaxTargetLevelPlain), lucky ones may go for +9.
+        if (soulLeft > 0
+            && soulStock.Count >= MinSoulStock
+            && equipped.Where(i => i.CanLevelBeUpgraded()
+                                   && i.Level >= SoulMinTargetLevel
+                                   && i.Level <= (HasLuck(i) ? SoulMaxTargetLevelLucky : SoulMaxTargetLevelPlain))
+                .OrderByDescending(HasLuck)
+                .ThenBy(i => i.Level)
+                .FirstOrDefault() is { } soulTarget)
+        {
+            return (soulStock[0], soulTarget);
+        }
+
+        // 3. Life - sparingly: at most one per trip, only on gear that is already +6 or better. Whether
+        // the item can actually carry the option is the consume handler's call; a rejected consume
+        // keeps the jewel.
+        if (lifeLeft > 0
+            && lifeStock.Count >= MinLifeStock
+            && equipped.Where(i => i.IsWearable() && i.Level >= LifeMinTargetLevel)
+                .OrderByDescending(i => i.Level)
+                .FirstOrDefault() is { } lifeTarget)
+        {
+            return (lifeStock[0], lifeTarget);
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Whether the bot carries jewels it should get rid of at a merchant: any it cannot use at all, or
+    /// more of a usable kind than its stock limit. Deliberately cheap - the trip planner asks this on
+    /// every check, so unlike the full junk scan it must not plan equipment swaps.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player.</param>
+    /// <returns><c>True</c>, if there is jewel surplus to sell.</returns>
+    internal static bool HasSurplus(Player player)
+    {
+        if (player.Inventory is not { } inventory)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var limit = GetStockLimit(player);
+        var counts = new Dictionary<ItemIdentifier, int>();
+        foreach (var item in inventory.Items)
+        {
+            if (item.ItemSlot < InventoryConstants.EquippableSlotsCount
+                || item.Definition is not { } definition)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var identifier = new ItemIdentifier(definition.Number, definition.Group);
+            if (UnusableJewels.Contains(identifier))
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (!UsableJewels.Contains(identifier))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var count = counts.GetValueOrDefault(identifier) + 1;
+            if (count > limit)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            counts[identifier] = count;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Whether the bot has a jewel it could spend on its gear right now. Jewels are only used at the
+    /// end of a merchant trip - the rare, safe, player-like moment for it - so the trip planner asks
+    /// this to decide whether a visit is worth making at all.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player.</param>
+    /// <returns><c>True</c>, if an upgrade is pending.</returns>
+    internal static bool HasPendingUpgrade(Player player)
+        => PlanNextUse(player, MaxBlessPerTrip, MaxSoulPerTrip, MaxLifePerTrip) is not null;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Whether the bot still has room in its stock for this jewel - the pickup handler asks before
+    /// taking one from the ground, and the merchant trade asks to tell a working stock from surplus.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player.</param>
+    /// <param name="item">The jewel to judge.</param>
+    /// <returns><c>True</c>, if it is a usable jewel and the stock is not full yet.</returns>
+    internal static bool WantsMoreOf(Player player, Item item)
+    {
+        if (item.Definition is not { } definition)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var identifier = new ItemIdentifier(definition.Number, definition.Group);
+        return UsableJewels.Contains(identifier)
+               && CountInStock(player, identifier) < GetStockLimit(player);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the configured number of jewels a bot keeps of each usable kind.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player.</param>
+    /// <returns>The stock limit per kind.</returns>
+    internal static int GetStockLimit(Player player)
+        => BotFeaturePlugIn.GetConfiguration(player.GameContext)?.GetEffectiveJewelStockPerKind()
+           ?? DefaultJewelStockPerKind;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Counts how many jewels of the given kind the bot carries.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player.</param>
+    /// <param name="identifier">The jewel kind.</param>
+    /// <returns>The number of jewels of that kind in the inventory.</returns>
+    internal static int CountInStock(Player player, ItemIdentifier identifier)
+        => player.Inventory?.Items.Count(i => IsJewel(i, identifier)) ?? 0;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Applies one jewel to one equipped item the way a player does it: take the piece off into a free
+    /// backpack slot (the consume handlers refuse to modify equipped items), consume the jewel on it
+    /// through the regular action, and wear the piece again - whatever the outcome, even a Soul
+    /// failure's downgraded item goes back on.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns><c>true</c>, if the jewel was actually consumed.</returns>
+    private static async ValueTask<bool> ApplyJewelAsync(OfflinePlayer player, Item jewel, Item target)
+    {
+        var inventory = player.Inventory!;
+        var equipSlot = target.ItemSlot;
+
+        // A free slot is not enough - the piece needs a hole of its SIZE (a 2x3 armor does not fit into
+        // the 1x1 gap a jewel left behind), which is exactly what CheckInvSpace answers.
+        if (inventory.CheckInvSpace(target) is not { } freeSlot
+            || freeSlot <= InventoryConstants.LastEquippableItemSlotIndex)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        await MoveAction.MoveItemAsync(player, equipSlot, Storages.Inventory, freeSlot, Storages.Inventory).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        if (inventory.GetItem(freeSlot) != target)
+        {
+            // The unequip was rejected - don't force it.
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var jewelSlot = jewel.ItemSlot;
+        var levelBefore = target.Level;
+        try
+        {
+            await ConsumeAction.HandleConsumeRequestAsync(player, jewelSlot, freeSlot, FruitUsage.Undefined).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            // Wear the piece again in any case; the move action re-checks the requirements itself.
+            await MoveAction.MoveItemAsync(player, freeSlot, Storages.Inventory, equipSlot, Storages.Inventory).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+
+        var consumed = inventory.GetItem(jewelSlot) != jewel;
+        if (consumed)
+        {
+            player.Logger.LogInformation(
+                "Bot '{Name}' used '{Jewel}' on '{Item}': level {Before} -> {After}.",
+                player.Name,
+                jewel.Definition?.Name,
+                target,
+                levelBefore,
+                target.Level);
+        }
+
+        return consumed;
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsJewel(Item item, ItemIdentifier identifier)
+    {
+        return item.Definition is { } definition
+               && identifier == new ItemIdentifier(definition.Number, definition.Group);
+    }
+
+    private static bool HasLuck(Item item)
+    {
+        return item.ItemOptions.Any(o => o.ItemOption?.OptionType == ItemOptionTypes.Luck);
+    }
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotManager.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+// <copyright file="BotManager.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Linq;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Offline;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Manages the lifecycle of server-side bots.
+/// </summary>
+/// <remarks>
+/// A bot reuses the connection-less <see cref="OfflinePlayer"/> together with its MU Helper AI,
+/// but is spawned in a fully standalone way: the account is loaded fresh in the bot's own
+/// persistence context (see <see cref="OfflinePlayer.InitializeAsync"/>), so there is no
+/// cross-context attach of entities owned by another player - which is the root cause of the
+/// known data-corruption issue of the <c>/offlevel</c> handover. Because each bot drives a
+/// distinct character in its own context, several bots can animate different characters of the
+/// same account at once (the shared account row is only attached, never modified).
+/// </remarks>
+public sealed class BotManager
+{
+    private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, BotPlayer> _bots = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets a snapshot of the currently active bots.
+    /// </summary>
+    public IReadOnlyCollection<BotPlayer> Bots => this._bots.Values.ToList();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the number of currently active bots, without taking a snapshot of them - the periodic task
+    /// asks every second whether there is anything to stop.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int BotCount => this._bots.Count;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Spawns a bot which drives a specific character of the given account.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="gameContext">The game context.</param>
+    /// <param name="loginName">The login name of an existing account.</param>
+    /// <param name="characterSlot">The character slot to drive; <c>null</c> drives the first character by slot.</param>
+    /// <returns><c>true</c> if a bot was started; <c>false</c> if it could not be started or was already active.</returns>
+    public async ValueTask<bool> SpawnBotAsync(IGameContext gameContext, string loginName, byte? characterSlot = null)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(loginName))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var bot = new BotPlayer(gameContext);
+        var added = false;
+        string? key = null;
+        try
+        {
+            // Load the account through the bot's OWN persistence context (no cross-context attach).
+            var account = await bot.PersistenceContext.GetAccountByLoginNameAsync(loginName).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            var character = characterSlot is { } slot
+                ? account?.Characters.FirstOrDefault(c => c.CharacterSlot == slot)
+                : account?.Characters.OrderBy(c => c.CharacterSlot).FirstOrDefault();
+            if (account is null || character is null)
+            {
+                bot.Logger.LogWarning("Bot account '{LoginName}' (slot {Slot}) could not be loaded or has no character.", loginName, characterSlot);
+                await bot.DisposeAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            key = GetKey(loginName, character.CharacterSlot);
+            if (!this._bots.TryAdd(key, bot))
+            {
+                // Already animating this character.
+                await bot.DisposeAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            added = true;
+
+            // Provide AI settings so the bot actually hunts (a missing config means a single-tile range).
+            bot.MuHelperSettings = new BotMuHelperSettings();
+
+            if (!await bot.InitializeAsync(loginName, character.Name).ConfigureAwait(false))
+            {
+                await this.RemoveAndDisposeAsync(key, bot).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            BotSkillProgressionPlugIn.CatchUpPendingProgress(bot);
+
+            bot.Logger.LogInformation("Bot started for account '{LoginName}', character '{Character}'.", loginName, character.Name);
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            bot.Logger.LogError(ex, "Failed to spawn bot for account '{LoginName}' (slot {Slot}).", loginName, characterSlot);
+            if (added && key is not null)
+            {
+                await this.RemoveAndDisposeAsync(key, bot).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                await bot.DisposeAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Stops and removes all currently active bots.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>The task.</returns>
+    public async ValueTask StopAllAsync()
+    {
+        foreach (var key in this._bots.Keys.ToList())
+        {
+            if (this._bots.TryRemove(key, out var bot))
+            {
+                await StopAndDisposeAsync(bot, key, "shutdown").ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the given character of the given account is currently animated by a bot.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="loginName">The account login name.</param>
+    /// <param name="slot">The character slot.</param>
+    public bool IsActive(string loginName, byte slot) => this._bots.ContainsKey(GetKey(loginName, slot));
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Stops one randomly chosen bot (used by the presence rotation, so the population ebbs and flows
+    /// like a real player base). The bot leaves its party cleanly first, then disconnects - which also
+    /// saves its progress, like a regular logout.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>The name of the stopped bot's character, or null if no bot was active.</returns>
+    public async ValueTask<string?> StopRandomBotAsync()
+    {
+        var key = this._bots.Keys.ToList().SelectRandom();
+        if (key is null || !this._bots.TryRemove(key, out var bot))
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        var name = bot.Name;
+        try
+        {
+            if (bot.Party is { } party)
+            {
+                await party.KickMySelfAsync(bot).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            // A failed party goodbye must not skip the stop below - the party cleans up a
+            // disconnected member itself.
+            bot.Logger.LogWarning(ex, "Bot '{Key}' couldn't leave its party for the presence rotation.", key);
+        }
+
+        await StopAndDisposeAsync(bot, key, "presence rotation").ConfigureAwait(false);
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Stops the given bot like a regular logout and immediately brings the same character back
+    /// online - the ghost equivalent of a player relogging. Used after the master evolution: the
+    /// master class's base attributes (master experience rate, master points per level) and the
+    /// master level stat are only mounted when the character enters the world, so the class change
+    /// must be followed by a fresh world entry before master experience can flow.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="gameContext">The game context.</param>
+    /// <param name="bot">The bot to restart.</param>
+    /// <returns><c>true</c> if the bot came back online.</returns>
+    public async ValueTask<bool> RestartBotAsync(IGameContext gameContext, BotPlayer bot)
+    {
+        // Captured before the stop - the disposed bot loses its account and character.
+        var loginName = bot.Account?.LoginName;
+        var characterSlot = bot.SelectedCharacter?.CharacterSlot;
+        if (loginName is null
+            || characterSlot is not { } slot
+            || !this._bots.TryRemove(GetKey(loginName, slot), out var removed))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (removed.Party is { } party)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                await party.KickMySelfAsync(removed).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                // A failed party goodbye must not skip the stop below - the party cleans up a
+                // disconnected member itself.
+                removed.Logger.LogWarning(ex, "Bot '{Login}/{Slot}' couldn't leave its party for the restart.", loginName, slot);
+            }
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            await removed.StopAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            // The old instance may still be (partially) alive - put it back under management and
+            // don't spawn a second player driving the same character (two persistence contexts
+            // saving one character would be last-write-wins data loss). Retried on a later pass.
+            removed.Logger.LogError(ex, "Error while stopping bot '{Login}/{Slot}' for a restart; keeping the old instance.", loginName, slot);
+            this._bots.TryAdd(GetKey(loginName, slot), removed);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // The stopped instance is done for good - release its persistence context and the tracked
+        // account graph before the fresh one loads them again.
+        await removed.DisposeAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+        return await this.SpawnBotAsync(gameContext, loginName, slot).ConfigureAwait(false);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Groups a share of the active bots into small hunting parties of level-wise similar characters,
+    /// like real players do: the party members follow their leader (see the follow logic in
+    /// <see cref="BotNavigator"/>), the elf heals the group, buffs are shared and the party experience
+    /// bonus applies. The rest of the bots keep hunting solo, so the population stays varied.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="gameContext">The game context (provides the party manager).</param>
+    public async ValueTask FormPartiesAsync(IGameContext gameContext)
+    {
+        const int minPartySize = 2;
+        const int maxPartySize = 5;
+        const int maxLevelGap = 12;
+        const int partiedSharePercent = 60;
+
+        // Matched by the reset-aware effective level (see BotResetHandler.GetEffectiveLevel), so on a
+        // reset server a freshly reset veteran groups with its peers instead of with real newbies.
+        var candidates = this._bots.Values
+            .Where(b => b.Party is null && b.Attributes is not null)
+            .OrderBy(BotResetHandler.GetEffectiveLevel)
+            .ToList();
+
+        var index = 0;
+        while (index < candidates.Count - 1)
+        {
+            if (Rand.NextInt(0, 100) >= partiedSharePercent)
+            {
+                index++; // this bot stays solo
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var leader = candidates[index];
+            var leaderLevel = BotResetHandler.GetEffectiveLevel(leader);
+            var targetSize = Rand.NextInt(minPartySize, maxPartySize + 1);
+            var members = new List<BotPlayer> { leader };
+            var next = index + 1;
+            while (next < candidates.Count
+                   && members.Count < targetSize
+                   && BotResetHandler.GetEffectiveLevel(candidates[next]) - leaderLevel <= maxLevelGap)
+            {
+                members.Add(candidates[next]);
+                next++;
+            }
+
+            if (members.Count >= minPartySize)
+            {
+                var party = gameContext.PartyManager.CreateParty();
+                foreach (var member in members)
+                {
+                    if (!await party.AddAsync(member).ConfigureAwait(false))
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                leader.Logger.LogInformation(
+                    "Formed bot party of {Count} around '{Leader}' (level {Level}).",
+                    members.Count,
+                    leader.Name,
+                    leaderLevel);
+            }
+
+            index = next;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static string GetKey(string loginName, byte slot) => $"{loginName}/{slot}";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Stops the bot like a regular logout (which saves its progress) and releases its resources.
+    /// A stopped-but-not-disposed player keeps its persistence context - and with it the whole tracked
+    /// account graph - alive; with the presence rotation stopping bots around the clock, that adds up
+    /// to a leak. Mirrors the teardown of the <see cref="Offline.OfflinePlayerManager"/>; the removal
+    /// from the game context happens through the disconnect event.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static async ValueTask StopAndDisposeAsync(BotPlayer bot, string key, string reason)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            await bot.StopAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            bot.Logger.LogError(ex, "Error while stopping bot '{Key}' ({Reason}).", key, reason);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            await bot.DisposeAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async ValueTask RemoveAndDisposeAsync(string key, BotPlayer bot)
+    {
+        this._bots.TryRemove(key, out _);
+        await bot.DisposeAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+    }
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotMasterHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+// <copyright file="BotMasterHandler.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using MUnique.OpenMU.AttributeSystem;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Attributes;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Offline;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlayerActions.Character;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handles the third-generation ("master") stage of a bot's career: the evolution into the master
+/// class at the game's maximum level - the same class assignment the level-400 master quests perform
+/// for a human player - and the investment of the master points earned per master level, through the
+/// regular <see cref="AddMasterPointAction"/> with all its validations.
+/// </summary>
+/// <remarks>
+/// On servers with the reset feature the evolution follows one iron rule: a bot only becomes a master
+/// when no reset can ever follow, i.e. the configured reset limit is exhausted. While resets remain -
+/// or when no limit is configured at all, so resetting forever is the endgame - the bot keeps resetting
+/// and never masters, like the players of such servers. Without the reset feature it evolves as soon as
+/// it reaches the maximum level.
+/// The master class's base attributes (master experience rate, master points per level) and the master
+/// level stat are only mounted into the attribute system when the character enters the world, so the
+/// caller must restart the bot after the evolution (see <c>BotManager.RestartBotAsync</c>) - the ghost
+/// equivalent of a player relogging; master experience only flows after that fresh world entry.
+/// </remarks>
+internal static class BotMasterHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A master skill unlocks the next rank of its root (and satisfies "required skill" links) at this
+    /// level, see <see cref="AddMasterPointAction"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    private const int RankUnlockLevel = 10;
+
+    /// <summary>The item groups of the weapons a master bonus can be tied to (see <see cref="WeaponGroupOfBonus"/>).</summary>
+    private const byte SwordGroup = 0;
+
+    /// <summary>The item group of the maces - the scepters live here as well.</summary>
+    private const byte MaceGroup = 2;
+
+    /// <summary>The item group of the spears.</summary>
+    private const byte SpearGroup = 3;
+
+    /// <summary>The item group of the bows and crossbows.</summary>
+    private const byte BowGroup = 4;
+
+    /// <summary>The item group of the staffs - the sticks and books live here as well.</summary>
+    private const byte StaffGroup = 5;
+
+    private static readonly AddMasterPointAction AddPointAction = new();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the bot is due for its master evolution: it has a master class to evolve
+    /// into, stands at the game's maximum level, and - on reset servers - exhausted the reset limit
+    /// (see the remarks of <see cref="BotMasterHandler"/> for the rationale).
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player.</param>
+    /// <returns>True, if the bot should evolve into its master class now.</returns>
+    public static bool IsMasterEvolutionDue(Player player)
+    {
+        if (player.SelectedCharacter is not { CharacterClass: { } currentClass }
+            || player.Attributes is not { } attributes
+            || BotProgression.GetMasterEvolutionTarget(currentClass) is null)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ((int)attributes[Stats.Level] < player.GameContext.Configuration.MaximumLevel)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (BotResetHandler.GetResetConfiguration(player.GameContext) is { } resetConfiguration
+            && (resetConfiguration.ResetLimit is not > 0
+                || (int)attributes[Stats.Resets] < resetConfiguration.ResetLimit))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Evolves the bot into its master class when due. The caller must restart the bot afterwards
+    /// (see the remarks of <see cref="BotMasterHandler"/>).
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player.</param>
+    /// <returns>True, if the evolution was performed.</returns>
+    public static async ValueTask<bool> TryEvolveAsync(OfflinePlayer player)
+    {
+        if (!IsMasterEvolutionDue(player) || player.SelectedCharacter is not { } character)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var masterClass = BotProgression.GetMasterEvolutionTarget(character.CharacterClass!)!;
+        character.CharacterClass = masterClass;
+        player.Logger.LogInformation(
+            "Bot '{Name}' evolved into master class {Class} at level {Level}.",
+            player.Name,
+            masterClass.Name,
+            player.Level);
+
+        try
+        {
+            // Persist right away like a performed reset - the following restart reloads the character
+            // from the database, so the class change must be down there before it.
+            await player.SaveProgressAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            player.Logger.LogWarning(ex, "Couldn't save bot '{Name}' right after its master evolution; the logout save will retry.", player.Name);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the bot is a master with points to invest - the cheap per-tick guard for
+    /// queueing <see cref="TrySpendMasterPointsAsync"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player.</param>
+    /// <returns>True, if there are master points to spend.</returns>
+    public static bool HasMasterPointsToSpend(Player player)
+        => player.SelectedCharacter is { CharacterClass.IsMasterClass: true, MasterLevelUpPoints: > 0 };
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Invests the bot's available master points (earned one per master level) into its master skill
+    /// tree through the regular <see cref="AddMasterPointAction"/>. Learning a skill mutates the
+    /// skill list, so this must run inside the bot's AI tick - queue it via
+    /// <see cref="OfflinePlayer.PendingBotActions"/> (see the call site in <c>BotNavigator</c>);
+    /// with no points available it is a cheap no-op.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player.</param>
+    public static async ValueTask TrySpendMasterPointsAsync(OfflinePlayer player)
+    {
+        if (player.SelectedCharacter is not { CharacterClass.IsMasterClass: true } character
+            || character.MasterLevelUpPoints < 1)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        while (character.MasterLevelUpPoints > 0 && PickNextMasterSkill(player) is { } skill)
+        {
+            var pointsBefore = character.MasterLevelUpPoints;
+            await AddPointAction.AddMasterPointAsync(player, (ushort)skill.Number).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            if (character.MasterLevelUpPoints >= pointsBefore)
+            {
+                // The action refused - its own checks are authoritative, don't loop on the same pick.
+                break;
+            }
+
+            player.Logger.LogInformation(
+                "Bot '{Name}' invested {Points} master point(s) into '{Skill}'.",
+                player.Name,
+                pointsBefore - character.MasterLevelUpPoints,
+                skill.Name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Picks the master skill the bot invests its next point into, or <c>null</c> when nothing is
+    /// eligible. The policy fills the tree like a player: first push a started skill to the rank-unlock
+    /// level of 10, then learn a new eligible skill - preferring "useful" ones, i.e. passives boosting a
+    /// stat or strengtheners of a skill the bot actually has - and finally pump the learned skills
+    /// towards their maximum. Deterministic, so a bot builds the same tree across sessions.
+    /// Pure decision logic - exposed for unit tests.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player.</param>
+    internal static Skill? PickNextMasterSkill(Player player)
+    {
+        if (player.SelectedCharacter is not { CharacterClass: { } characterClass } character
+            || player.SkillList is not { } skillList)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        var learned = character.LearnedSkills
+            .Where(l => l.Skill?.MasterDefinition?.Root is not null)
+            .ToList();
+
+        if (learned
+                .Where(l => l.Level < RankUnlockLevel && l.Level < l.Skill!.MasterDefinition!.MaximumLevel)
+                .OrderBy(l => l.Skill!.MasterDefinition!.Rank)
+                .ThenBy(l => l.Skill!.Number)
+                .FirstOrDefault() is { } gate)
+        {
+            return gate.Skill;
+        }
+
+        if (player.GameContext.Configuration.Skills
+                .Where(s => s.MasterDefinition?.Root is not null
+                            && s.QualifiedCharacters.Contains(characterClass)
+                            && character.LearnedSkills.All(l => l.Skill != s)
+                            && CanLearn(player, s, character.MasterLevelUpPoints))
+                .OrderBy(s => IsUsefulPick(player, s, skillList) ? 0 : 1)
+                .ThenBy(s => s.MasterDefinition!.Rank)
+                .ThenBy(s => s.Number)
+                .FirstOrDefault() is { } newSkill)
+        {
+            return newSkill;
+        }
+
+        return learned
+            .Where(l => l.Level < l.Skill!.MasterDefinition!.MaximumLevel)
+            .OrderBy(l => IsUsefulPick(player, l.Skill!, skillList) ? 0 : 1)
+            .ThenBy(l => l.Skill!.MasterDefinition!.Rank)
+            .ThenBy(l => l.Skill!.Number)
+            .FirstOrDefault()?.Skill;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Mirrors the private requisition checks of <see cref="AddMasterPointAction"/> (minimum points,
+    /// previous rank of the same root at 10+, required skills), so the picker only proposes skills the
+    /// action will accept. A mismatch is harmless: the action refuses and the spend loop stops.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static bool CanLearn(Player player, Skill skill, int availablePoints)
+    {
+        var definition = skill.MasterDefinition!;
+        if (availablePoints < definition.MinimumLevel)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (definition.Rank > 1
+            && !player.SelectedCharacter!.LearnedSkills.Any(l =>
+                l.Skill?.MasterDefinition?.Root is { } root
+                && root.Id == definition.Root?.Id
+                && l.Skill.MasterDefinition.Rank == definition.Rank - 1
+                && l.Level >= RankUnlockLevel))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (definition.RequiredMasterSkills?.Any() == true
+            && !definition.RequiredMasterSkills.All(s =>
+                player.SelectedCharacter!.LearnedSkills.Any(l => l.Skill == s && l.Level >= RankUnlockLevel)
+                || (s.MasterDefinition is null && player.SkillList?.ContainsSkill((ushort)s.Number) == true)))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A pick is "useful" when it demonstrably does something for this bot: a passive boosting a stat,
+    /// or a strengthener/mastery of a skill the bot actually has in its list. A passive tied to a WEAPON
+    /// type the bot does not fight with is not (a bow strengthener does nothing for a bot swinging a
+    /// sword), and neither is one which only applies against other PLAYERS: a bot spends its life
+    /// hunting monsters, and it may not even attack a player unless attacked first (see
+    /// <see cref="BotPvpRules"/>). Both get filled last, after everything which actually helps.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static bool IsUsefulPick(Player player, Skill skill, ISkillList skillList)
+    {
+        var definition = skill.MasterDefinition!;
+        if (definition.TargetAttribute is { } target)
+        {
+            return !IsPvpOnlyBonus(target)
+                   && (WeaponGroupOfBonus(target) is not { } weaponGroup || CarriesWeaponOfGroup(player, weaponGroup));
+        }
+
+        return definition.ReplacedSkill is { } replaced && skillList.ContainsSkill((ushort)replaced.Number);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Whether the master bonus only ever applies in a fight against another player, which is not what a
+    /// bot's points are for.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="attribute">The bonus attribute.</param>
+    private static bool IsPvpOnlyBonus(AttributeDefinition attribute)
+    {
+        return attribute == Stats.AttackRatePvp || attribute == Stats.DefenseRatePvp;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The item group of the weapon a master bonus attribute belongs to, or <c>null</c> when the bonus
+    /// helps regardless of the weapon (health, defense, an attack rate, ...). The item groups come from
+    /// the item data: scepters live in the mace group, the Rage Fighter's gloves in the sword group, and
+    /// sticks and books next to the staffs.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static byte? WeaponGroupOfBonus(AttributeDefinition attribute)
+    {
+        if (attribute == Stats.OneHandedSwordBonusDamage
+            || attribute == Stats.TwoHandedSwordStrBonusDamage
+            || attribute == Stats.TwoHandedSwordMasteryBonusDamage
+            || attribute == Stats.GloveWeaponBonusDamage)
+        {
+            return SwordGroup;
+        }
+
+        if (attribute == Stats.MaceBonusDamage
+            || attribute == Stats.MaceMasteryStunChance
+            || attribute == Stats.ScepterStrBonusDamage
+            || attribute == Stats.ScepterMasteryBonusDamage
+            || attribute == Stats.ScepterPetBonusDamage
+            || attribute == Stats.BonusDamageWithScepterCmdDiv)
+        {
+            return MaceGroup;
+        }
+
+        if (attribute == Stats.SpearBonusDamage
+            || attribute == Stats.SpearMasteryDoubleDamageChance)
+        {
+            return SpearGroup;
+        }
+
+        if (attribute == Stats.BowStrBonusDamage
+            || attribute == Stats.CrossBowStrBonusDamage
+            || attribute == Stats.CrossBowMasteryBonusDamage)
+        {
+            return BowGroup;
+        }
+
+        if (attribute == Stats.OneHandedStaffBonusBaseDamage
+            || attribute == Stats.TwoHandedStaffBonusBaseDamage
+            || attribute == Stats.TwoHandedStaffMasteryBonusDamage
+            || attribute == Stats.StickBonusBaseDamage
+            || attribute == Stats.StickMasteryBonusDamage
+            || attribute == Stats.BookBonusBaseDamage)
+        {
+            return StaffGroup;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Whether the bot fights with a weapon of this item group - what it carries right now, and what its
+    /// build makes it pick up in the future (see <see cref="BotProgression.IsPreferredWeaponGroup"/>), so
+    /// a bot which is momentarily unarmed does not start collecting bonuses for the wrong weapon.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static bool CarriesWeaponOfGroup(Player player, byte weaponGroup)
+    {
+        if (player.Inventory?.GetItem(InventoryConstants.LeftHandSlot)?.Definition is { } weapon
+            && weapon.Group == weaponGroup)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return player.SelectedCharacter is { CharacterClass: { } characterClass } character
+               && BotProgression.IsPreferredWeaponGroup(
+                   characterClass,
+                   character.Name,
+                   BotResetHandler.GetResetConfiguration(player.GameContext) is not null,
+                   weaponGroup);
+    }
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotMiniGameHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+// <copyright file="BotMiniGameHandler.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Attributes;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.MiniGames;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Offline;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlayerActions.MiniGames;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Lets server-side bots take part in the mini game events (Blood Castle, Devil Square, Chaos
+/// Castle) - but only ever in the wake of a human: when a real player who leads a party with bots
+/// enters an event with their own ticket, the party's bots follow them in. Bots never enter on
+/// their own, and they don't need tickets - the leader's entry is what legitimizes the visit.
+/// Each bot is checked against the same entry rules a player faces (the event level bracket,
+/// the master class requirement, the player killer restriction); a bot which does not qualify
+/// says goodbye and leaves the party to go back to its own hunting life, like a player who cannot
+/// join the run. Inside, the bot's routine switches to the event mode of the
+/// <see cref="BotNavigator"/>; death and the event's end need no special handling, because the
+/// engine respawns a dead bot at the map's safezone (exactly like a player, which removes it from
+/// the event) and the event itself warps the remaining participants out when it ends.
+/// </summary>
+internal static class BotMiniGameHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Takes the snapshot of the bots which would follow the given player into a mini game.
+    /// Must be called BEFORE the player actually enters: entering an event which disallows
+    /// parties (Chaos Castle) kicks the entering player out of its party, and with it the
+    /// knowledge of who was going to follow.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The player about to enter a mini game.</param>
+    /// <returns>The party bots to bring along; empty when the player is a bot itself, has no party or is not its master.</returns>
+    internal static IReadOnlyList<OfflinePlayer> SnapshotPartyBots(Player player)
+    {
+        if (player is OfflinePlayer
+            || player.Party is not { } party
+            || !ReferenceEquals(party.PartyMaster, player))
+        {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        return party.PartyList
+            .OfType<OfflinePlayer>()
+            .Where(bot => bot.Account?.IsBot == true)
+            .ToList();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Brings the party bots of a player who just successfully entered a mini game along into it.
+    /// Each bot's entry is queued into its own MuHelper tick (see <see cref="OfflinePlayer.PendingBotActions"/>),
+    /// because warping and effect-clearing mutate the bot's state.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="leader">The party leader who entered the mini game.</param>
+    /// <param name="bots">The snapshot taken by <see cref="SnapshotPartyBots"/> before the entry.</param>
+    /// <param name="definition">The definition of the entered mini game.</param>
+    /// <param name="miniGame">The mini game instance the leader entered.</param>
+    internal static void BringPartyBotsAlong(Player leader, IReadOnlyList<OfflinePlayer> bots, MiniGameDefinition definition, MiniGameContext miniGame)
+    {
+        foreach (var bot in bots)
+        {
+            bot.PendingBotActions.Enqueue(() => TryEnterAsync(bot, leader, definition, miniGame));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the bot passes the same entry restrictions <c>EnterMiniGameAction</c>
+    /// checks for a player: the event's character level bracket, the master class requirement and
+    /// the player killer restriction. Pure decision logic - exposed for unit tests.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="bot">The bot which wants to follow its leader in.</param>
+    /// <param name="definition">The mini game definition.</param>
+    /// <param name="reason">The human-readable reason when the bot does not qualify.</param>
+    internal static bool IsEligible(Player bot, MiniGameDefinition definition, out string reason)
+    {
+        var level = (int)(bot.Attributes?[Stats.Level] ?? 0);
+
+        // The special characters (Magic Gladiator, Dark Lord, Rage Fighter, Summoner) enter the events in
+        // their own level bracket - the same distinction EnterMiniGameAction makes for a player. Judging
+        // them by the regular bracket kicked a qualified Magic Gladiator out of its leader's party as
+        // "below the minimum" (and would have let it in past its own maximum).
+        var isSpecialCharacter = bot.SelectedCharacter?.IsSpecialCharacter() == true;
+        var minimumLevel = isSpecialCharacter ? definition.MinimumSpecialCharacterLevel : definition.MinimumCharacterLevel;
+        var maximumLevel = isSpecialCharacter ? definition.MaximumSpecialCharacterLevel : definition.MaximumCharacterLevel;
+
+        if (level < minimumLevel)
+        {
+            reason = $"level {level} is below the minimum of {minimumLevel}";
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (level > maximumLevel)
+        {
+            reason = $"level {level} is above the maximum of {maximumLevel}";
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (definition.RequiresMasterClass && bot.SelectedCharacter?.CharacterClass?.IsMasterClass is not true)
+        {
+            reason = "it has not evolved into a master class yet";
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!definition.ArePlayerKillersAllowedToEnter && bot.SelectedCharacter?.State >= HeroState.PlayerKiller1stStage)
+        {
+            reason = "player killers cannot enter";
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        reason = string.Empty;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static async ValueTask TryEnterAsync(OfflinePlayer bot, Player leader, MiniGameDefinition definition, MiniGameContext miniGame)
+    {
+        if (bot.PlayerState.CurrentState != PlayerState.EnteredWorld
+            || !bot.IsAlive
+            || bot.CurrentMiniGame is not null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!IsEligible(bot, definition, out var reason))
+        {
+            // Like a player who cannot join the run: the bot says goodbye and goes back to its
+            // own hunting life instead of waiting at the gate.
+            bot.Logger.LogInformation(
+                "Bot '{Name}' cannot follow '{Leader}' into {Event} ({Reason}) and leaves the party.",
+                bot.Name,
+                leader.Name,
+                definition.Name,
+                reason);
+            if (bot.Party is { } party)
+            {
+                await party.KickMySelfAsync(bot).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (definition.Entrance is not { } entrance)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var enterResult = await miniGame.TryEnterAsync(bot).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        if (enterResult != EnterResult.Success)
+        {
+            // Full or already closed - not the bot's fault; it stays in the party and waits for
+            // the leader outside, hunting normally.
+            bot.Logger.LogInformation(
+                "Bot '{Name}' could not follow '{Leader}' into {Event}: {Result}.",
+                bot.Name,
+                leader.Name,
+                definition.Name,
+                enterResult);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Mirror of the player entry flow in EnterMiniGameAction, without ticket and entrance fee.
+        if (!definition.AllowParty && bot.Party is { } noPartyEventParty)
+        {
+            await noPartyEventParty.KickMySelfAsync(bot).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+
+        await bot.MagicEffectList.ClearEffectsAfterDeathAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+        await bot.RemoveSummonAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+        await bot.WarpToAsync(entrance).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        bot.Logger.LogInformation(
+            "Bot '{Name}' follows '{Leader}' into {Event}.",
+            bot.Name,
+            leader.Name,
+            definition.Name);
+    }
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotMuHelperSettings.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+// <copyright file="BotMuHelperSettings.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.MuHelper;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Default MU Helper settings used to drive a bot's combat AI.
+/// A bot never sends a client-side MU Helper configuration, so without this the player would
+/// fall back to a hunting range of a single tile (see <see cref="Offline.CombatHandler"/>).
+/// These defaults make the bot hunt nearby monsters, pick up the valuable drops and use
+/// potions, while staying close to its spawn origin.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class BotMuHelperSettings : IMuHelperSettings
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int BasicSkillId => 0;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int ActivationSkill1Id => 0;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int ActivationSkill2Id => 0;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int DelayMinSkill1 => 0;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int DelayMinSkill2 => 0;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool Skill1UseTimer => false;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool Skill1UseCondition => false;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool Skill1ConditionAttacking => false;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int Skill1SubCondition => 0;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool Skill2UseTimer => false;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool Skill2UseCondition => false;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool Skill2ConditionAttacking => false;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int Skill2SubCondition => 0;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool UseCombo => false;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int HuntingRange => 6;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int MaxSecondsAway => 30;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool LongRangeCounterAttack => false;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// Disabled for bots: the <see cref="BotNavigator"/> is the sole driver of travel between hunting
+    /// grounds, so the offline movement handler must not try to walk the bot back to its origin in parallel.
+    /// </remarks>
+    public bool ReturnToOriginalPosition => false;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int BuffSkill0Id => 0;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int BuffSkill1Id => 0;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int BuffSkill2Id => 0;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool BuffOnDuration => false;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool BuffDurationForParty => false;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int BuffCastIntervalSeconds => 0;
+
+    // With the class heal skill learned (e.g. elf Heal), the HealingHandler casts it below the threshold
+    // before falling back to potions - the same order a real player follows.
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool AutoHeal => true;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int HealThresholdPercent => 60;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool UseDrainLife => false;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool UseHealPotion => true;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int PotionThresholdPercent => 60;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    // Bots hunt in small parties (see BotManager.FormParties): the elf heals the group, buffs are
+    // shared, and the party experience bonus applies - like a real group of players.
+    public bool SupportParty => true;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool AutoHealParty => true;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int HealPartyThresholdPercent => 60;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool UseDarkRaven => false;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int DarkRavenMode => 0;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public int ObtainRange => 6;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool PickAllItems => false;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    // Must be true: the pickup handler bails out early unless PickAllItems or PickSelectItems is set,
+    // so with this off the selective PickZen/PickJewel/PickAncient flags below never take effect.
+    public bool PickSelectItems => true;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool PickJewel => true;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool PickZen => true;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool PickAncient => true;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool PickExcellent => true;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool PickExtraItems => false;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public IReadOnlyList<string> ExtraItemNames => Array.Empty<string>();
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// Disabled on purpose: offline auto-repair has no NPC discount and drains Zen at an
+    /// increased rate. Bots should not burn their balance on repairs during the proof of concept.
+    /// </remarks>
+    public bool RepairItem => false;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    /// <remarks>Bots fight back when a player attacks them (see <see cref="BotSelfDefensePlugIn"/>).</remarks>
+    public bool UseSelfDefense => true;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool AutoAcceptFriend => false;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool AutoAcceptGuild => false;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// Bots accept party invitations from any player, like a friendly stranger would - within the
+    /// safeguards applied by <see cref="BotPartyHandler"/> (level gap, not while busy, limited time).
+    /// </remarks>
+    public bool AutoAcceptAnyone => true;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool FallbackBasicAttack => true;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// Enabled for bots: they have no client-side skill configuration, so the combat AI auto-selects the
+    /// strongest learned attack skill the character can currently afford. Combined with the level-gated
+    /// skills granted at generation (see <see cref="BotGenerator"/>), this makes bots cast class- and
+    /// level-appropriate magic/skills instead of only swinging their weapon.
+    /// </remarks>
+    public bool AutoSelectBestSkill => true;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    /// <remarks>Bots keep their class's learned buffs up automatically (e.g. elf Greater Defense/Greater Damage).</remarks>
+    public bool AutoSelectBuffs => true;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    /// <remarks>Casters drink mana potions, so they keep casting instead of degrading to weak melee.</remarks>
+    public bool UseManaPotion => true;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// Bots only engage monsters they can handle (the navigator's safe-monster cap). Without this, a bot
+    /// travelling through hostile territory picks fights with monsters far above its level and dies.
+    /// </remarks>
+    public bool OnlyHuntSafeMonsters => true;
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    /// <remarks>Bots evaluate dropped gear and pick up upgrades for their own class (see <see cref="BotEquipmentHandler"/>).</remarks>
+    public bool PickUpgradeItems => true;
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotNameGenerator.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+// <copyright file="BotNameGenerator.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Threading;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.Persistence;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Generates pronounceable, realistic-looking character names for bots.
+/// </summary>
+/// <remarks>
+/// Names are built procedurally from syllables so the generator scales to thousands of unique
+/// names while still looking like names a real player might pick. Every generated name satisfies
+/// the default character name rules (3-10 alphanumeric characters), so bots blend in with players;
+/// the bot nature is tracked by <see cref="DataModel.Entities.Account.IsBot"/>, never by the name.
+/// </remarks>
+internal sealed class BotNameGenerator
+{
+    private static readonly string[] Starts =
+    {
+        "Dra", "Kar", "Mil", "Tho", "Zan", "Bel", "Gor", "Vyn", "Ael", "Mor",
+        "Run", "Syl", "Tor", "Kra", "Fen", "Lyr", "Nyx", "Ori", "Var", "Eld",
+        "Bro", "Cyn", "Dar", "Hal", "Ith", "Jor", "Kae", "Lor", "Mag", "Nor",
+        "Pyr", "Rha", "Ser", "Ulr", "Wyn", "Xan", "Yor", "Zel", "Ari", "Cae",
+    };
+
+    private static readonly string[] Middles =
+    {
+        string.Empty, string.Empty, string.Empty,
+        "a", "e", "i", "o", "ia", "ae", "an", "or", "el", "yn", "ar",
+    };
+
+    private static readonly string[] Ends =
+    {
+        "dor", "lin", "rik", "gar", "wyn", "ric", "mir", "dan", "eth", "ron",
+        "ana", "ella", "ix", "ael", "oth", "ara", "une", "is", "ius", "wen",
+    };
+
+    private readonly IRandomizer _randomizer = Rand.GetRandomizer();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generates a name which is not yet used, neither within this run nor in the database.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="context">The context used to check name availability.</param>
+    /// <param name="reserved">The set of names already handed out in this run; the returned name is added to it.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">The cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>A unique, valid character name.</returns>
+    public async ValueTask<string> GenerateUniqueAsync(IPlayerContext context, ISet<string> reserved, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        for (var attempt = 0; attempt < 500; attempt++)
+        {
+            var name = this.BuildName(attempt);
+            if (!reserved.Add(name))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var existing = await context.GetAccountByCharacterNameAsync(name, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            if (existing is null)
+            {
+                return name;
+            }
+        }
+
+        throw new InvalidOperationException("Could not generate a unique bot character name after many attempts.");
+    }
+
+    private string BuildName(int attempt)
+    {
+        var start = Starts.SelectRandom(this._randomizer)!;
+        var middle = Middles.SelectRandom(this._randomizer)!;
+        var end = Ends.SelectRandom(this._randomizer)!;
+        var name = start + middle + end;
+
+        // Once the simple name space gets crowded, append a digit to keep finding free names
+        // without ever exceeding the 10 character limit.
+        if (attempt > 30)
+        {
+            var suffix = (attempt % 10).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+            name = (name.Length >= 10 ? name[..9] : name) + suffix;
+        }
+        else if (name.Length > 10)
+        {
+            name = name[..10];
+        }
+
+        return char.ToUpperInvariant(name[0]) + name[1..].ToLowerInvariant();
+    }
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotPartyHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+// <copyright file="BotPartyHandler.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Offline;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Lets a server-side bot party up with players who invite it (enabled by
+/// <see cref="BotMuHelperSettings.AutoAcceptAnyone"/>): the invitation is accepted after a short
+/// human-like delay, and the bot then follows the leader like any party member (see the follow logic
+/// in <see cref="BotNavigator"/>) until it gets bored and politely leaves. Safeguards keep it
+/// believable and abuse-free: no acceptance while the bot is on an errand (shopping trip) or has
+/// unfinished business (revenge), and the invitation is re-validated when the delay has passed - the
+/// inviter may have joined another party or left. There is no level gate, matching OpenMU's own party
+/// action: it is the player who invites, and the bot leaves again once it gets bored.
+/// </summary>
+internal static class BotPartyHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>Lower bound of the human-like delay before the bot answers an invitation.</summary>
+    private static readonly TimeSpan MinAcceptDelay = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2);
+
+    /// <summary>Upper bound of the human-like delay before the bot answers an invitation.</summary>
+    private static readonly TimeSpan MaxAcceptDelay = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Lower bound of the time the bot stays in a party with a human before it gets bored and leaves.
+    /// A player who groups a bot gets a companion for a decent hunting session, but not a permanent
+    /// follower - the bot has its own goals (its resets, its shopping, its own pace).
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly TimeSpan MinPartyDuration = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10);
+
+    /// <summary>Upper bound of the time the bot stays in a party with a human, see <see cref="MinPartyDuration"/>.</summary>
+    private static readonly TimeSpan MaxPartyDuration = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(20);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Schedules the acceptance of a party invitation to a bot, if the bot is available for it.
+    /// Called from the auto-accept criteria of <see cref="MuHelper.PartyRequestHandler"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="receiver">The invited player; only server-side bots schedule an accept.</param>
+    /// <param name="requester">The player who sent the party request.</param>
+    /// <param name="acceptDelay">Overrides the human-like random delay (used by tests).</param>
+    /// <returns>True, if the invitation was taken and will be answered; false, if no criteria matched.</returns>
+    internal static async ValueTask<bool> TryScheduleAcceptAsync(Player receiver, Player requester, TimeSpan? acceptDelay = null)
+    {
+        if (receiver is not OfflinePlayer bot
+            || bot.Account?.IsBot != true
+            || HasHumanCompanion(bot)
+            || bot.PendingPartyInvite is not null)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (bot.IsOnShoppingTrip || bot.HasRevengeIntent || bot.CurrentMiniGame is not null)
+        {
+            // Busy - a player in the middle of an errand, a grudge or an event would not group up either.
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!IsRequesterEligible(requester))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var delay = acceptDelay
+            ?? MinAcceptDelay + TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(Rand.NextInt(0, (int)(MaxAcceptDelay - MinAcceptDelay).TotalMilliseconds + 1));
+
+        // Blocks a second concurrent inviter (the request action treats a set requester like a busy
+        // player) and is cleared again when the invitation is answered or dropped.
+        bot.LastPartyRequester = requester;
+        bot.PendingPartyInvite = new PendingPartyInvite(requester, DateTime.UtcNow + delay);
+
+        // The same feedback a human invitee's request flow gives, so the inviter knows it went out.
+        await requester.ShowLocalizedBlueMessageAsync(nameof(PlayerMessage.RequestedPlayerForParty), bot.Name).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        bot.Logger.LogInformation("Bot '{Name}' accepts the party invitation of '{Requester}' in {Delay}.", bot.Name, requester.Name, delay);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Drives the bot's party behavior; called from the bot's regular evaluation tick. Answers a
+    /// pending invitation once its delay passed, and leaves the party again when the bot got bored
+    /// of grouping with a human (bot-only parties are exempt - they are managed by the hourly
+    /// re-formation of <see cref="BotManager"/>).
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="bot">The bot.</param>
+    internal static async ValueTask ProcessAsync(OfflinePlayer bot)
+    {
+        if (bot.PendingPartyInvite is { } invite && DateTime.UtcNow >= invite.AcceptAtUtc)
+        {
+            bot.PendingPartyInvite = null;
+            try
+            {
+                await AcceptInvitationAsync(bot, invite.Requester).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                bot.LastPartyRequester = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (bot.Party is { } party && HasHumanCompanion(bot))
+        {
+            bot.PartyBoredomAtUtc ??= DateTime.UtcNow + MinPartyDuration
+                + TimeSpan.FromSeconds(Rand.NextInt(0, (int)(MaxPartyDuration - MinPartyDuration).TotalSeconds + 1));
+            if (DateTime.UtcNow >= bot.PartyBoredomAtUtc)
+            {
+                bot.PartyBoredomAtUtc = null;
+                bot.Logger.LogInformation("Bot '{Name}' got bored and leaves its party.", bot.Name);
+                await party.KickMySelfAsync(bot).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            bot.PartyBoredomAtUtc = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the bot's party contains a human player (any live member which is not a
+    /// server-side <see cref="OfflinePlayer"/>).
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="bot">The bot.</param>
+    /// <returns>True, if a human player is in the bot's party.</returns>
+    internal static bool HasHumanCompanion(Player bot)
+    {
+        return bot.Party is { } party
+            && party.PartyList.OfType<Player>().Any(member => member is not OfflinePlayer);
+    }
+
+    private static async ValueTask AcceptInvitationAsync(OfflinePlayer bot, Player requester)
+    {
+        // Re-validate: between the invitation and this answer, the bot may have joined a human's party
+        // and the inviter may have died, left the game or joined another party.
+        if (HasHumanCompanion(bot) || !IsRequesterEligible(requester))
+        {
+            bot.Logger.LogInformation("Bot '{Name}' dropped the party invitation of '{Requester}' - the situation changed.", bot.Name, requester.Name);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        await LeaveBotPartyAsync(bot).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        if (bot.Party is not null)
+        {
+            bot.Logger.LogInformation("Bot '{Name}' could not leave its bot party for '{Requester}'.", bot.Name, requester.Name);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        bool success;
+        if (requester.Party is { } requesterParty)
+        {
+            if (!Equals(requesterParty.PartyMaster, requester))
+            {
+                // The inviter joined another party as a plain member in the meantime; it can no
+                // longer take the bot in.
+                return;
+            }
+
+            success = await requesterParty.AddAsync(bot).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Like the regular party response: the requester becomes the master of the new party.
+            var party = bot.GameContext.PartyManager.CreateParty();
+            success = await party.AddAsync(requester).ConfigureAwait(false)
+                && await party.AddAsync(bot).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+
+        if (success)
+        {
+            bot.Logger.LogInformation("Bot '{Name}' joined the party of '{Requester}'.", bot.Name, requester.Name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Lets the bot leave the bot-only party it hunts in, so it can join the player who invited it: a
+    /// living player takes precedence over the bot's own company. When the bot LEADS that party, the
+    /// group is broken up instead - the engine does not hand the mastership over to another member when
+    /// the master leaves (it only removes them from the member list), which would leave the remaining
+    /// bots following a leader who is not in their party anymore. Their next hourly re-formation groups
+    /// them again (see <see cref="BotManager"/>).
+    /// </summary>
+    private static async ValueTask LeaveBotPartyAsync(OfflinePlayer bot)
+    {
+        if (bot.Party is not { } party)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (Equals(party.PartyMaster, bot))
+        {
+            bot.Logger.LogInformation("Bot '{Name}' breaks up its bot party to join a player.", bot.Name);
+            foreach (var member in party.PartyList.ToList())
+            {
+                await party.KickMySelfAsync(member).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        await party.KickMySelfAsync(bot).ConfigureAwait(false);
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsRequesterEligible(Player requester)
+    {
+        return requester.IsAlive && requester.PlayerState.CurrentState == PlayerState.EnteredWorld;
+    }
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotPlayer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+// <copyright file="BotPlayer.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using System.Threading;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Offline;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A connection-less bot player. It reuses the whole offline-player intelligence (combat, buffs,
+/// healing, pickup) and adds a <see cref="BotNavigator"/> which makes it roam to level-appropriate
+/// hunting grounds instead of standing on a fixed spawn position.
+/// </summary>
+public sealed class BotPlayer : OfflinePlayer
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// After this many AI ticks failing in a row, the bot is considered broken and gets restarted.
+    /// The engine's attribute system is not thread-safe, and a lost race can corrupt a character's
+    /// attribute graph for good: every following tick throws, the bot stops playing and floods the log
+    /// with the same exception until the server restarts. A fresh login rebuilds the graph and heals it,
+    /// which is exactly what a player would do. The threshold is high enough that a single failing tick
+    /// (a transient race, a monster which just died) is simply skipped, like before.
+    /// </summary>
+    private const int ConsecutiveFailuresUntilRestart = 20;
+
+    private BotNavigator? _navigator;
+
+    private int _consecutiveTickFailures;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="BotPlayer"/> class.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="gameContext">The game context.</param>
+    public BotPlayer(IGameContext gameContext)
+        : base(gameContext)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public override bool RespawnAndContinue => true;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether this bot evolved into its master class and still needs
+    /// the "relog" which mounts the master attributes (see <see cref="BotManager.RestartBotAsync"/>).
+    /// Set from the bot's own tick, where the evolution runs; acted upon by the maintenance pass, which
+    /// is the only place allowed to restart a bot (a restart from within the bot's own timer callback
+    /// would tear down the very loop it runs in).
+    /// </summary>
+    public bool AwaitsMasterRestart { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether this bot's AI keeps failing and it has to be restarted
+    /// (see <see cref="ConsecutiveFailuresUntilRestart"/>). Acted upon by the maintenance pass, which is
+    /// the only place allowed to restart a bot.
+    /// </summary>
+    public bool AwaitsFaultRestart { get; set; }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public override async ValueTask StopAsync()
+    {
+        await this.StopNavigatorAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+        await base.StopAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    internal override void OnAiTickSucceeded()
+    {
+        if (this._consecutiveTickFailures > 0)
+        {
+            Interlocked.Exchange(ref this._consecutiveTickFailures, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    internal override void OnAiTickFailed()
+    {
+        if (Interlocked.Increment(ref this._consecutiveTickFailures) == ConsecutiveFailuresUntilRestart)
+        {
+            // Deliberately '==', not '>=': this arms the restart exactly once, at the tick that crosses
+            // the threshold, so the log gets one line and the flag is raised once. Further failures keep
+            // incrementing the counter (which stays above the threshold) but don't re-fire; the
+            // maintenance pass consumes AwaitsFaultRestart and the restart resets the counter to 0.
+            this.Logger.LogWarning(
+                "Bot '{Name}' failed {Count} AI ticks in a row and gets restarted to heal it.",
+                this.Name,
+                ConsecutiveFailuresUntilRestart);
+            this.AwaitsFaultRestart = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    protected override void StartIntelligence()
+    {
+        base.StartIntelligence();
+        this._navigator = new BotNavigator(this);
+        this._navigator.Start();
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    protected override async ValueTask DisposeAsyncCore()
+    {
+        await this.StopNavigatorAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+        await base.DisposeAsyncCore().ConfigureAwait(false);
+    }
+
+    private async ValueTask StopNavigatorAsync()
+    {
+        if (this._navigator is { } navigator)
+        {
+            this._navigator = null;
+            await navigator.DisposeAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotProgression.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+// <copyright file="BotProgression.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using MUnique.OpenMU.AttributeSystem;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Attributes;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// The shared progression rules of server-side bots: how a bot of a given class invests its stat
+/// points, and which skills it may learn. Used by the <see cref="BotGenerator"/> when a bot is
+/// created and by the <see cref="BotSkillProgressionPlugIn"/> when it levels up during play, so a
+/// freshly generated bot and one that grew to the same level in-game end up with the same build.
+/// </summary>
+internal static class BotProgression
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The character level at which a bot changes into its second-generation class (e.g. Dark Knight
+    /// to Blade Knight), the way a player completes the class-change quest. The quest itself boils down
+    /// to exactly this assignment (see <c>QuestCompletionAction</c>), so bots take the direct route.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const int ClassEvolutionLevel = 200;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The character class numbers from the game's data model (<c>CharacterClassNumber</c> lives in the
+    /// initialization assembly which GameLogic does not reference, so the relevant values are mirrored here).
+    /// </summary>
+    private const byte DarkWizardNumber = 0;
+    private const byte SoulMasterNumber = 2;
+    private const byte GrandMasterNumber = 3;
+    private const byte DarkKnightNumber = 4;
+    private const byte BladeKnightNumber = 6;
+    private const byte BladeMasterNumber = 7;
+    private const byte FairyElfNumber = 8;
+    private const byte MuseElfNumber = 10;
+    private const byte HighElfNumber = 11;
+    private const byte MagicGladiatorNumber = 12;
+    private const byte DuelMasterNumber = 13;
+    private const byte DarkLordNumber = 16;
+    private const byte LordEmperorNumber = 17;
+    private const byte SummonerNumber = 20;
+    private const byte BloodySummonerNumber = 22;
+    private const byte DimensionMasterNumber = 23;
+    private const byte RageFighterNumber = 24;
+    private const byte FistMasterNumber = 25;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The share of each invested batch that goes into vitality on reset-meta servers, until the bot's
+    /// personal <see cref="GetVitalityTarget"/> is reached (out of a nominal weight total of ~100).
+    /// </summary>
+    private const int ResetMetaVitalityWeight = 5;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The base classes which evolve into a second-generation class at <see cref="ClassEvolutionLevel"/>:
+    /// Dark Wizard, Dark Knight, Fairy Elf and Summoner. The Magic Gladiator, Dark Lord and Rage Fighter
+    /// have no second generation - their next class is the level-400 master evolution, out of bot scope.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly byte[] EvolvableClassNumbers = [0, 4, 8, 20];
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Skills of the buff type which must never enter a bot's auto-buff rotation: the summoner's
+    /// enemy debuffs (Sleep/Weakness/Innovation - the offline buff handler casts buffs on SELF, so the
+    /// bot would put itself to sleep), and Defense (18), which players get from equipping a shield
+    /// rather than learning it.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly short[] ExcludedBuffSkillNumbers = [18, 219, 221, 222];
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The skills which the game only activates on the castle siege map. Nothing in the skill data marks
+    /// them, but the client does not let a player cast them anywhere else, so a bot hunting with one is a
+    /// bot doing something no player can do. They are also the strongest numbers each class has - they are
+    /// meant to be - which is exactly why a "pick the strongest" rule walks straight into them: a Dark
+    /// Knight fought with Crescent Moon Slash, every elf with Starfall and every Rage Fighter with Charge.
+    /// (44 Crescent Moon Slash, 45 Lance, 46 Starfall, 57 Spiral Slash, 73 Mana Rays, 74 Fire Blast,
+    /// 269 Charge - the same set the client refuses outside a siege.)
+    /// The second group are the skills of the siege roles - the guild's battle masters and its master -
+    /// which are handed out for the siege and are not attacks at all: 67 Stun, 68 Cancel Stun,
+    /// 69 Swell Mana, 70 Invisibility, 71 Cancel Invisibility, 72 Abolish Magic. Stun in particular is
+    /// indistinguishable from a real attack skill by its data alone: like Twisting Slash and Power Slash
+    /// it is an area skill with no damage of its own and a single hit.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly short[] CastleSiegeOnlySkillNumbers = [44, 45, 46, 57, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 269];
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the class the character evolves into at <see cref="ClassEvolutionLevel"/>, or null when the
+    /// class has no (in-scope) evolution.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="characterClass">The character class.</param>
+    public static CharacterClass? GetEvolutionTarget(CharacterClass characterClass)
+    {
+        return EvolvableClassNumbers.Contains(characterClass.Number)
+            ? characterClass.NextGenerationClass
+            : null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the master class the character evolves into at the game's maximum level (the
+    /// third-generation evolution the level-400 master quests perform), or null when the current class
+    /// has none. Unlike <see cref="GetEvolutionTarget"/> this applies to all classes: the
+    /// second-generation classes evolve into their masters (Blade Knight -> Blade Master, ...), and
+    /// Magic Gladiator, Dark Lord and Rage Fighter - which have no second generation - evolve directly
+    /// (-> Duel Master, Lord Emperor, Fist Master). When and whether a bot takes this step is decided
+    /// by <see cref="BotMasterHandler.IsMasterEvolutionDue"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="characterClass">The character class.</param>
+    public static CharacterClass? GetMasterEvolutionTarget(CharacterClass characterClass)
+    {
+        return characterClass is { IsMasterClass: false, NextGenerationClass: { IsMasterClass: true } masterClass }
+            ? masterClass
+            : null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// How a bot invests its stat points, per class and per bot, in one of two meta profiles chosen
+    /// by the server type (see <see cref="BotResetHandler.GetResetConfiguration"/> at the call sites):
+    /// <list type="bullet">
+    /// <item><b>Reset meta</b> (reset feature enabled) - modeled on the actual endgame characters of a
+    /// reset server: everything goes into the class's combat stats (shield and agility-based defense do
+    /// the tanking there), vitality only receives a token share until the bot's personal
+    /// <see cref="GetVitalityTarget"/> is reached (enforce via <see cref="SplitPoints"/> capacities).</item>
+    /// <item><b>Classic meta</b> (no reset feature) - the builds of community stat guides for classic
+    /// servers, where point pools are small and vitality is a plain percentage of the build.</item>
+    /// </list>
+    /// Where a class has two established builds (knight agility/PK, gladiator warrior/mage, elf
+    /// archer/supporter), each bot picks one deterministically from its character name, so the
+    /// population is diverse but every bot keeps the same build across sessions and re-invests
+    /// consistently after each reset. The first entry is always the build's primary stat - it absorbs
+    /// rounding remainders and overflow from capped stats.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="characterClass">The character class.</param>
+    /// <param name="characterName">The character name; decides the build variant for two-build classes.</param>
+    /// <param name="resetMeta">Whether the reset-server meta profile applies.</param>
+    public static IReadOnlyList<(AttributeDefinition Stat, int Weight)> GetStatWeights(CharacterClass characterClass, string characterName, bool resetMeta)
+    {
+        // Stable across processes (string.GetHashCode is randomized per run, which would re-spec
+        // the bot on every server restart).
+        var variant = characterName.Aggregate(0, (acc, c) => acc + c) % 2;
+        var vit = Stats.BaseVitality;
+        var str = Stats.BaseStrength;
+        var agi = Stats.BaseAgility;
+        var ene = Stats.BaseEnergy;
+        var cmd = Stats.BaseLeadership;
+
+        if (resetMeta)
+        {
+            const int v = ResetMetaVitalityWeight;
+            return characterClass.Number switch
+            {
+                DarkKnightNumber or BladeKnightNumber or BladeMasterNumber => variant == 0
+                    ? new[] { (str, 59), (agi, 39), (ene, 2), (vit, v) }
+                    : new[] { (str, 52), (agi, 35), (ene, 13), (vit, v) },
+                DarkWizardNumber or SoulMasterNumber or GrandMasterNumber =>
+                    new[] { (ene, 49), (agi, 47), (str, 4), (vit, v) },
+                FairyElfNumber or MuseElfNumber or HighElfNumber =>
+                    new[] { (agi, 67), (ene, 27), (str, 6), (vit, v) },
+                MagicGladiatorNumber or DuelMasterNumber => variant == 0
+                    ? new[] { (str, 57), (agi, 26), (ene, 17), (vit, v) }
+                    : new[] { (ene, 66), (agi, 18), (str, 16), (vit, v) },
+                DarkLordNumber or LordEmperorNumber =>
+                    new[] { (str, 54), (cmd, 23), (agi, 18), (ene, 5), (vit, v) },
+                SummonerNumber or BloodySummonerNumber or DimensionMasterNumber =>
+                    new[] { (ene, 70), (agi, 18), (str, 12), (vit, v) },
+                RageFighterNumber or FistMasterNumber =>
+                    new[] { (str, 64), (agi, 18), (ene, 18), (vit, v) },
+                _ when GetMainDamageStat(characterClass) == str =>
+                    new[] { (str, 60), (agi, 35), (vit, v) },
+                _ => new[] { (GetMainDamageStat(characterClass), 65), (agi, 30), (vit, v) },
+            };
+        }
+
+        return characterClass.Number switch
+        {
+            DarkKnightNumber or BladeKnightNumber or BladeMasterNumber => variant == 0
+                ? new[] { (str, 62), (agi, 26), (vit, 8), (ene, 4) }
+                : new[] { (str, 50), (vit, 28), (agi, 18), (ene, 4) },
+            DarkWizardNumber or SoulMasterNumber or GrandMasterNumber =>
+                new[] { (ene, 66), (vit, 22), (agi, 8), (str, 4) },
+            FairyElfNumber or MuseElfNumber or HighElfNumber => variant == 0
+                ? new[] { (agi, 62), (vit, 23), (ene, 10), (str, 5) }
+                : new[] { (ene, 65), (vit, 22), (agi, 8), (str, 5) },
+            MagicGladiatorNumber or DuelMasterNumber => variant == 0
+                ? new[] { (str, 57), (agi, 22), (vit, 15), (ene, 6) }
+                : new[] { (ene, 58), (vit, 26), (agi, 11), (str, 5) },
+            DarkLordNumber or LordEmperorNumber =>
+                new[] { (str, 38), (cmd, 30), (vit, 22), (agi, 8), (ene, 2) },
+            SummonerNumber or BloodySummonerNumber or DimensionMasterNumber =>
+                new[] { (ene, 64), (vit, 24), (agi, 8), (str, 4) },
+            RageFighterNumber or FistMasterNumber =>
+                new[] { (str, 45), (vit, 35), (ene, 20) },
+            _ => new[] { (GetMainDamageStat(characterClass), 50), (vit, 50) },
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The bot's personal vitality target on reset-meta servers: how many points it invests into
+    /// vitality over its whole career (100..500, rolled deterministically from the character name,
+    /// so the population gets a natural spread from glassy to sturdy and every bot keeps its roll
+    /// across restarts and resets). The endgame players such servers breed leave vitality almost
+    /// untouched - shield and agility-based defense tank instead - so the target is intentionally low.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="characterName">The character name.</param>
+    public static int GetVitalityTarget(string characterName)
+    {
+        var sum = characterName.Aggregate(0, (acc, c) => acc + c);
+        return 100 + ((sum * 7919) % 401);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Splits the given points proportionally to the class's stat weights, returning whole-point
+    /// amounts which sum up to <paramref name="points"/> - unless capacities cut it short. The
+    /// optional <paramref name="capacityOf"/> callback limits how many points a stat may still take
+    /// (its <see cref="AttributeDefinition.MaximumValue"/> on fun servers, the vitality target on
+    /// reset-meta servers); a filled stat drops out of the split and its share flows to the remaining
+    /// stats over subsequent rounds. When every stat is full, the rest of the points stay unassigned,
+    /// like for a maxed-out human character.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="points">The number of points to split.</param>
+    /// <param name="weights">The stat weights of the class.</param>
+    /// <param name="capacityOf">Optionally resolves how many more points a stat can take; null means unlimited.</param>
+    public static IEnumerable<(AttributeDefinition Stat, int Amount)> SplitPoints(
+        int points,
+        IReadOnlyList<(AttributeDefinition Stat, int Weight)> weights,
+        Func<AttributeDefinition, long>? capacityOf = null)
+    {
+        if (points <= 0 || weights.Count == 0)
+        {
+            yield break;
+        }
+
+        var allocated = new int[weights.Count];
+        var capacity = new long[weights.Count];
+        for (var i = 0; i < weights.Count; i++)
+        {
+            capacity[i] = Math.Max(0, capacityOf?.Invoke(weights[i].Stat) ?? long.MaxValue);
+        }
+
+        var remaining = points;
+        while (remaining > 0)
+        {
+            var activeTotalWeight = 0;
+            var firstActive = -1;
+            for (var i = 0; i < weights.Count; i++)
+            {
+                if (weights[i].Weight > 0 && allocated[i] < capacity[i])
+                {
+                    activeTotalWeight += weights[i].Weight;
+                    if (firstActive < 0)
+                    {
+                        firstActive = i;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (activeTotalWeight <= 0)
+            {
+                break; // every stat is at its capacity - the rest stays unspent.
+            }
+
+            var assignedThisRound = 0;
+            for (var i = 0; i < weights.Count; i++)
+            {
+                if (weights[i].Weight <= 0 || allocated[i] >= capacity[i])
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                var share = (int)Math.Min((long)remaining * weights[i].Weight / activeTotalWeight, capacity[i] - allocated[i]);
+                allocated[i] += share;
+                assignedThisRound += share;
+            }
+
+            if (assignedThisRound == 0)
+            {
+                // Rounding tail (fewer points left than active stats): the primary stat takes it.
+                var tail = (int)Math.Min(remaining, capacity[firstActive] - allocated[firstActive]);
+                allocated[firstActive] += tail;
+                assignedThisRound = tail;
+                if (assignedThisRound == 0)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            remaining -= assignedThisRound;
+        }
+
+        for (var i = 0; i < weights.Count; i++)
+        {
+            if (allocated[i] > 0)
+            {
+                yield return (weights[i].Stat, allocated[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the skill is one a bot may learn: an actual attack skill, or a self/party
+    /// buff or heal with a magic effect (which the offline buff/heal handlers know how to cast).
+    /// Passive boosts, event skills, enemy debuffs and utility skills are left out.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="skill">The skill to check.</param>
+    public static bool IsBotLearnableSkill(Skill skill)
+    {
+        if (skill.MasterDefinition is not null)
+        {
+            // Master skills are never learned for free - they cost the master points earned per master
+            // level and go through the regular action (see BotMasterHandler), like for a human player.
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (CastleSiegeOnlySkillNumbers.Contains(skill.Number))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (IsAttackSkill(skill))
+        {
+            // Worth learning if it adds damage of its own, hits more than once, or hits more than one
+            // target. Judging by AttackDamage alone locked a Rage Fighter out of its entire arsenal:
+            // Killing Blow, Chain Drive, Dragon Roar and Phoenix Shot all carry a flat bonus of zero and
+            // four hits instead, because their damage comes from the weapon - which is also how the
+            // server pays them out.
+            return skill.AttackDamage > 0
+                   || skill.NumberOfHitsPerAttack > 1
+                   || IsAreaSkill(skill);
+        }
+
+        return skill.SkillType is SkillType.Buff or SkillType.Regeneration
+               && skill.MagicEffectDef is not null
+               && !ExcludedBuffSkillNumbers.Contains(skill.Number);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the skill deals damage to a target, as opposed to buffing, summoning or the like.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="skill">The skill.</param>
+    public static bool IsAttackSkill(Skill skill)
+        => skill.SkillType is SkillType.DirectHit
+            or SkillType.AreaSkillAutomaticHits
+            or SkillType.AreaSkillExplicitHits
+            or SkillType.AreaSkillExplicitTarget;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the skill hits more than its primary target.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="skill">The skill.</param>
+    public static bool IsAreaSkill(Skill skill)
+        => skill.SkillType is SkillType.AreaSkillAutomaticHits
+            or SkillType.AreaSkillExplicitHits
+            or SkillType.AreaSkillExplicitTarget;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the skill is one the game only activates during a castle siege, which a bot
+    /// therefore never uses while hunting - not even when it already knows it, as a Dark Knight does:
+    /// Crescent Moon Slash is handed to every one of them when the character is created.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="skill">The skill.</param>
+    public static bool IsCastleSiegeOnly(Skill skill) => CastleSiegeOnlySkillNumbers.Contains(skill.Number);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the skill belongs to a PET rather than to the character, and may therefore
+    /// only be used while that pet is actually equipped. Plasma Storm is the Fenrir's, and nothing in
+    /// the skill's own numbers gives the missing pet away: the attribute behind its damage
+    /// (<see cref="Attributes.Stats.FenrirBaseDmg"/>) is derived from the character's own strength,
+    /// agility, vitality and energy, so it is large for any high level character - with or without the
+    /// pet. Scoring it by that attribute alone handed Plasma Storm, the longest ranged skill most
+    /// classes own, to a whole population riding nothing.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="skill">The skill.</param>
+    public static bool RequiresPet(Skill skill) => skill.DamageType == DamageType.Fenrir;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the character meets the skill's learn requirements (the same ones the game
+    /// enforces when casting, e.g. total energy for wizard spells or character level for knight skills).
+    /// <paramref name="getAttributeValue"/> resolves an attribute's current value; returning null means
+    /// the attribute is unknown in the caller's context, which conservatively fails the requirement.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="skill">The skill whose requirements are checked.</param>
+    /// <param name="getAttributeValue">Resolves an attribute's current value; null means the attribute is unknown.</param>
+    public static bool MeetsRequirements(Skill skill, Func<AttributeDefinition, float?> getAttributeValue)
+    {
+        foreach (var requirement in skill.Requirements)
+        {
+            if (requirement.Attribute is not { } attribute)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (getAttributeValue(attribute) is not { } value || value < requirement.MinimumValue)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Maps a "total" attribute (used by skill requirements) to the base stat a generated character
+    /// actually has, so requirements can be evaluated before the character was ever composed at runtime.
+    /// Returns null for attributes that have no base-stat counterpart.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="attribute">The "total" attribute to map.</param>
+    public static AttributeDefinition? TotalToBaseStat(AttributeDefinition attribute)
+    {
+        if (attribute == Stats.TotalEnergy)
+        {
+            return Stats.BaseEnergy;
+        }
+
+        if (attribute == Stats.TotalStrength)
+        {
+            return Stats.BaseStrength;
+        }
+
+        if (attribute == Stats.TotalAgility)
+        {
+            return Stats.BaseAgility;
+        }
+
+        if (attribute == Stats.TotalVitality)
+        {
+            return Stats.BaseVitality;
+        }
+
+        if (attribute == Stats.TotalLeadership)
+        {
+            return Stats.BaseLeadership;
+        }
+
+        if (attribute == Stats.Level)
+        {
+            return Stats.Level;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether a weapon of the given item group fits the fighting style of this bot's BUILD:
+    /// archers use bows, casters staves, everyone else melee weapons. The build decides, not just the
+    /// class - a Magic Gladiator specced into energy (see the variants in <see cref="GetStatWeights"/>)
+    /// is a caster and must get a staff, while its strength-specced sibling wants a blade; deciding by
+    /// the class's base attributes alone handed both of them swords. Classes whose base attributes make
+    /// them archers (the elves) keep their bow in every build - it is the only weapon they can wield.
+    /// Used both for the starter gear (<see cref="BotGenerator"/>) and for later upgrades
+    /// (<see cref="BotEquipmentHandler"/>), so an elf never swaps its bow for a random axe it happens to
+    /// be qualified for (which would also displace its arrows).
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="characterClass">The character class.</param>
+    /// <param name="characterName">The character name; decides the build variant, see <see cref="GetStatWeights"/>.</param>
+    /// <param name="resetMeta">Whether the reset-server meta profile applies.</param>
+    /// <param name="itemGroup">The item group of the weapon.</param>
+    public static bool IsPreferredWeaponGroup(CharacterClass characterClass, string characterName, bool resetMeta, byte itemGroup)
+    {
+        const byte maxMeleeGroup = 3;
+        const byte bowGroup = 4;
+        const byte staffGroup = 5;
+
+        float ClassStat(AttributeDefinition attribute)
+            => characterClass.StatAttributes.FirstOrDefault(a => a.Attribute == attribute)?.BaseValue ?? 0f;
+
+        var strength = ClassStat(Stats.BaseStrength);
+        var agility = ClassStat(Stats.BaseAgility);
+        var energy = ClassStat(Stats.BaseEnergy);
+
+        if (agility > strength && agility > energy)
+        {
+            return itemGroup == bowGroup;
+        }
+
+        // The build's primary stat (the first weight, see GetStatWeights) tells a caster from a fighter;
+        // the class fallback covers classes without an energy build of their own.
+        var primaryStat = GetStatWeights(characterClass, characterName, resetMeta)[0].Stat;
+        if (primaryStat == Stats.BaseEnergy || energy > strength)
+        {
+            return itemGroup == staffGroup;
+        }
+
+        return itemGroup <= maxMeleeGroup;
+    }
+
+    private static AttributeDefinition GetMainDamageStat(CharacterClass characterClass)
+    {
+        return characterClass.StatAttributes
+            .Where(a => a.Attribute == Stats.BaseStrength
+                        || a.Attribute == Stats.BaseAgility
+                        || a.Attribute == Stats.BaseEnergy
+                        || a.Attribute == Stats.BaseLeadership)
+            .OrderByDescending(a => a.BaseValue)
+            .Select(a => a.Attribute!)
+            .FirstOrDefault() ?? Stats.BaseStrength;
+    }
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotPvpRules.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// <copyright file="BotPvpRules.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// The single source of truth for when a server-side bot may attack a player.
+/// </summary>
+/// <remarks>
+/// Invariant: a bot must never escalate its own <see cref="HeroState"/>. A bot which turns outlaw
+/// is a broken toy - it can be killed penalty-free forever, loses the warp command, and visibly
+/// marks itself as a misbehaving AI. The game escalates the killer's hero state (see
+/// <c>Player.AfterKilledPlayerAsync</c>) unless the victim is already an outlaw or the kill happened
+/// in active self-defense (duels and rival-guild wars are exempt as well, but bots have neither),
+/// so those two cases are exactly what this rule allows.
+/// The bot's grudge memory (<see cref="Offline.OfflinePlayer.RecentAggressor"/>, ~5 minutes, and the
+/// revenge march after a death) is deliberately longer than the game's self-defense window: the
+/// grudge only decides WHOM the bot prioritizes and where it walks; whether it may actually strike
+/// is decided here, per attack, against the game's own rules.
+/// </remarks>
+public static class BotPvpRules
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// How much of the self-defense window must still remain for an attack to count as safe. The
+    /// legality check runs when the attack is issued, but the kill (and with it the game's own
+    /// self-defense evaluation) can land moments later - without a margin, a final blow right at
+    /// the window's edge would escalate the bot's hero state after all. While the player keeps
+    /// attacking, every damaging hit renews the window, so the margin never interrupts an ongoing fight.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly TimeSpan SelfDefenseSafetyMargin = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the bot may legally attack the given player, i.e. without any risk of
+    /// escalating the bot's own <see cref="HeroState"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="bot">The bot (or offline player) which wants to attack.</param>
+    /// <param name="target">The player it wants to attack.</param>
+    /// <returns><c>true</c> if attacking is free of PK consequences; otherwise, <c>false</c>.</returns>
+    public static bool IsLegalPvpTarget(Player bot, Player target)
+    {
+        // A running mini game with free player killing (Chaos Castle): every fellow participant
+        // is fair game - such kills never escalate the hero state (see Player.OnDeathAsync), the
+        // game's self-defense bookkeeping doesn't even track them. Gated on the running state, so
+        // bots don't swing at players during the countdown before the event starts.
+        if (!ReferenceEquals(bot, target)
+            && bot.CurrentMiniGame is { AllowPlayerKilling: true, IsEventRunning: true } miniGame
+            && ReferenceEquals(target.CurrentMiniGame, miniGame))
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Outlaws are fair game for everyone - killing them never escalates the killer's state.
+        if (target.SelectedCharacter?.State >= HeroState.PlayerKiller1stStage)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Active self-defense: the target attacked this bot recently (SelfDefenseState is keyed
+        // (attacker, defender) and renewed on every damaging hit by the SelfDefensePlugIn).
+        if (bot.GameContext.SelfDefenseState.TryGetValue((target, bot), out var timeout)
+            && timeout > DateTime.UtcNow.Add(SelfDefenseSafetyMargin))
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotResetHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+// <copyright file="BotResetHandler.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Attributes;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Offline;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlugIns;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Resets;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Performs character resets for bots on servers where the <see cref="ResetFeaturePlugIn"/> is enabled,
+/// and provides the reset-aware effective level used by the bot logic. Everything is driven by the
+/// server's actual <see cref="ResetConfiguration"/> (and <see cref="ResetProgressionCalculator"/>), so
+/// bots follow the same reset rules as the human players of that particular server; when the feature
+/// is disabled, none of this changes bot behavior at all.
+/// </summary>
+/// <remarks>
+/// The reset itself mirrors the effect of <see cref="ResetCharacterAction"/>, with two deliberate
+/// differences for the connection-less bot ghosts: the costs (zen, reset items) are skipped by default,
+/// because bots don't take part in the economy the costs are balanced for (see
+/// <see cref="BotConfiguration.BotsPayResetCosts"/>), and the <see cref="ResetConfiguration.LogOut"/>
+/// step is replaced by continuing in place - a bot has no client to log out.
+/// </remarks>
+internal static class BotResetHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the server's reset configuration, or null when the reset feature is not enabled.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="gameContext">The game context.</param>
+    /// <returns>The reset configuration, or null.</returns>
+    public static ResetConfiguration? GetResetConfiguration(IGameContext gameContext)
+        => gameContext.FeaturePlugIns.GetPlugIn<ResetFeaturePlugIn>()?.Configuration;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the player's effective level for bot decisions: on a reset server a freshly reset
+    /// character is back at the configured <see cref="ResetConfiguration.LevelAfterReset"/> but
+    /// fights with the accumulated power of all its resets, so the
+    /// plain level would misjudge it everywhere (target safety, map choice, party matching). Each
+    /// reset counts as the level span it took (<see cref="ResetConfiguration.RequiredLevel"/>).
+    /// Master levels count on top (like the game's own total level), so an evolved master keeps
+    /// being judged stronger than a plain level-capped character.
+    /// Without the reset feature this is the character level plus the master level.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The player.</param>
+    /// <returns>The effective level.</returns>
+    public static int GetEffectiveLevel(Player player)
+    {
+        var level = (int)(player.Attributes?[Stats.Level] ?? 1)
+                    + (int)(player.Attributes?[Stats.MasterLevel] ?? 0f);
+        if (GetResetConfiguration(player.GameContext) is not { } configuration)
+        {
+            return level;
+        }
+
+        var resets = (int)(player.Attributes?[Stats.Resets] ?? 0f);
+        return (resets * Math.Max(0, configuration.RequiredLevel)) + level;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the bot is currently eligible for a reset: the reset feature is enabled,
+    /// the required level is reached and the reset limit (if any) is not yet exhausted.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player.</param>
+    /// <param name="configuration">The reset configuration.</param>
+    /// <returns>True, if the bot can reset now.</returns>
+    public static bool IsResetDue(Player player, ResetConfiguration configuration)
+    {
+        if (player.Attributes is not { } attributes)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (player.Level < configuration.RequiredLevel)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var nextResetCount = (int)attributes[Stats.Resets] + 1;
+        return configuration.ResetLimit is not > 0 || nextResetCount <= configuration.ResetLimit;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Resets the bot character, mirroring the effect of <see cref="ResetCharacterAction"/>: the reset
+    /// count goes up, the level drops to <see cref="ResetConfiguration.LevelAfterReset"/>, the stats and
+    /// level-up points follow the server's configuration, and with <see cref="ResetConfiguration.MoveHome"/>
+    /// the bot warps back to its class home town. Afterwards the regular level-up progression is fired,
+    /// so the bot immediately re-invests the granted point pool according to its class build - until that
+    /// runs, the damage-based target safety keeps the temporarily weak bot away from monsters it can no
+    /// longer handle.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player.</param>
+    /// <param name="configuration">The reset configuration.</param>
+    /// <param name="payCosts">Whether the configured costs (zen, reset items) are consumed like for a human player.</param>
+    /// <returns>True, if the reset was performed.</returns>
+    public static async ValueTask<bool> TryResetAsync(OfflinePlayer player, ResetConfiguration configuration, bool payCosts)
+    {
+        if (player.Attributes is not { } attributes
+            || player.SelectedCharacter is not { CharacterClass: not null } character
+            || !IsResetDue(player, configuration))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var resetProgression = ResetProgressionCalculator.Calculate(
+            (int)attributes[Stats.Resets],
+            (int)attributes[Stats.PointsPerReset],
+            configuration);
+
+        if (payCosts && !await TryConsumeCostsAsync(player, configuration, resetProgression).ConfigureAwait(false))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        attributes[Stats.Resets] = resetProgression.NextResetCount;
+        attributes[Stats.Level] = configuration.LevelAfterReset;
+        character.Experience = 0;
+
+        if (configuration.ResetStats)
+        {
+            character.CharacterClass!.StatAttributes
+                .Where(s => s.IncreasableByPlayer)
+                .ForEach(s => attributes[s.Attribute] = s.BaseValue);
+        }
+
+        if (configuration.ReplacePointsPerReset)
+        {
+            character.LevelUpPoints = resetProgression.TotalPointsAfterReset;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            character.LevelUpPoints += resetProgression.PointsForReset;
+        }
+
+        player.Logger.LogInformation(
+            "Bot '{Name}' performed reset {ResetCount} and got {Points} points to invest.",
+            player.Name,
+            resetProgression.NextResetCount,
+            character.LevelUpPoints);
+
+        if (configuration.MoveHome)
+        {
+            await MoveHomeAsync(player).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+
+        // No LogOut for the connection-less ghost - instead re-run the level-up progression, which
+        // invests the whole granted point pool and re-checks the learnable skills (queued into the
+        // bot's AI tick by BotSkillProgressionPlugIn, exactly like for an earned level-up).
+        player.GameContext.PlugInManager.GetPlugInPoint<ICharacterLevelUpPlugIn>()?.CharacterLeveledUp(player);
+
+        try
+        {
+            // Persist right away instead of waiting for the periodic save - losing a whole performed
+            // reset to a crash within that window would hurt far more than ordinary hunting progress.
+            await player.SaveProgressAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            player.Logger.LogWarning(ex, "Couldn't save bot '{Name}' right after its reset; the periodic save will retry.", player.Name);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Consumes the configured reset costs like <see cref="ResetCharacterAction"/> does for a human
+    /// player: the required zen and the required amount of the configured reset item. Only used when
+    /// <see cref="BotConfiguration.BotsPayResetCosts"/> is enabled.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static async ValueTask<bool> TryConsumeCostsAsync(OfflinePlayer player, ResetConfiguration configuration, ResetProgression resetProgression)
+    {
+        IList<Item> requiredItems = [];
+        if (resetProgression.RequiredItemAmount > 0 && configuration.RequiredResetItem is { } requiredDefinition)
+        {
+            requiredItems = player.Inventory?.Items
+                .Where(item => item.Definition is { } definition
+                               && definition.Group == requiredDefinition.Group
+                               && definition.Number == requiredDefinition.Number)
+                .Take(resetProgression.RequiredItemAmount)
+                .ToList() ?? [];
+            if (requiredItems.Count < resetProgression.RequiredItemAmount)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (player.Money < resetProgression.RequiredZen
+            || (resetProgression.RequiredZen > 0 && !player.TryRemoveMoney(resetProgression.RequiredZen)))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        foreach (var item in requiredItems)
+        {
+            await player.DestroyInventoryItemAsync(item).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Warps the bot to a spawn gate of its class home map, the live-ghost equivalent of the
+    /// position rewrite <see cref="ResetCharacterAction"/> performs before logging a player out.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static async ValueTask MoveHomeAsync(OfflinePlayer player)
+    {
+        var homeMapDefinition = player.SelectedCharacter?.CharacterClass?.HomeMap;
+        if (homeMapDefinition is null
+            || await player.GameContext.GetMapAsync((ushort)homeMapDefinition.Number).ConfigureAwait(false) is not { } homeMap
+            || homeMap.Definition.ExitGates.Where(g => g.IsSpawnGate).SelectRandom() is not { } spawnGate)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        await player.WarpToAsync(spawnGate).ConfigureAwait(false);
+    }
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotRevengePlugIn.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// <copyright file="BotRevengePlugIn.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Offline;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlugIns;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.PlugIns;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Notes when a (human) player kills a server-side bot, so the bot can march back to the place of
+/// its death after respawning and take revenge on the killer. A bot which shrugs off being killed
+/// and calmly heads for the next hunting ground is an obvious bot giveaway - a real player comes
+/// back angry. The return march happens in the <see cref="BotNavigator"/>; the counter-attack in
+/// the offline <see cref="CombatHandler"/>, whose re-armed aggressor memory keeps the killer
+/// prioritized - struck only once the game's own rules make it legal (see <see cref="BotPvpRules"/>).
+/// </summary>
+[PlugIn]
+[Display(Name = "Bot revenge", Description = "Makes server-side bots return to their death site and take revenge on the player who killed them.")]
+[Guid("29B871B0-FBCF-44D4-A677-8A9832AAC193")]
+public class BotRevengePlugIn : IAttackableGotKilledPlugIn
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public ValueTask AttackableGotKilledAsync(IAttackable killed, IAttacker? killer)
+    {
+        if (killed is OfflinePlayer bot
+            && bot.Account?.IsBot == true
+            && bot.CurrentMiniGame is null // a death in an event (Chaos Castle) is part of the game, not a wrong to avenge
+            && killer is Player killerPlayer
+            && killerPlayer is not OfflinePlayer
+            && !ReferenceEquals(killerPlayer, killed))
+        {
+            bot.RegisterDeathByPlayer(killerPlayer);
+        }
+
+        return ValueTask.CompletedTask;
+    }
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotSelfDefensePlugIn.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// <copyright file="BotSelfDefensePlugIn.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Offline;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlugIns;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.PlugIns;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Notes when a (human) player attacks a server-side bot, so the bot's combat AI can defend itself.
+/// Without this, a bot placidly keeps farming monsters while a player kills it - the most obviously
+/// bot-like behavior an observer can trigger. The actual counter-attack happens in the offline
+/// <see cref="CombatHandler"/>, which prioritizes a recent aggressor over its monster targets.
+/// </summary>
+[PlugIn]
+[Display(Name = "Bot self defense", Description = "Makes server-side bots fight back when a player attacks them.")]
+[Guid("7E2B9C41-5A8D-4F36-B190-3D6E84C7F215")]
+public class BotSelfDefensePlugIn : IAttackableGotHitPlugIn
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public void AttackableGotHit(IAttackable attackable, IAttacker attacker, HitInfo hitInfo)
+    {
+        if (attackable is OfflinePlayer bot
+            && bot.Account?.IsBot == true
+            && bot.CurrentMiniGame is null // event fights (Chaos Castle) leave no grudge outside
+            && attacker is Player aggressor
+            && aggressor is not OfflinePlayer
+            && !ReferenceEquals(aggressor, attackable))
+        {
+            bot.RegisterAggressor(aggressor);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotServerPartition.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+// <copyright file="BotServerPartition.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Splits the bot population over the game servers of the deployment, so a server does not animate the
+/// whole population by itself: bots count towards the player count of their server, and a server which
+/// is full turns real clients away - the bots would lock the players out of the game.
+/// <para>
+/// Which accounts a server animates is a pure function of the account index and the SET of configured
+/// game servers, so every server computes the same answer without asking the others - no coordination,
+/// no shared state, and it holds in a deployment where each game server is its own process. The share
+/// of a server is proportional to its capacity, and only a part of that capacity
+/// (<see cref="BotConfiguration.BotCapacityPercent"/>) is handed to the bots: the rest stays reserved
+/// for real players, who must never be denied a slot by a bot.
+/// </para>
+/// <para>
+/// The split is computed when the server starts. Adding a game server to a running deployment therefore
+/// takes a restart before the population spreads onto it; that is deliberate. Moving the ownership of a
+/// bot between two RUNNING servers would mean one server animating an account the other one is still
+/// animating - the very cross-context situation which corrupts a character.
+/// </para>
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class BotServerPartition
+{
+    private BotServerPartition(int firstAccount, int accountCount, bool isGenerator)
+    {
+        this.FirstAccount = firstAccount;
+        this.AccountCount = accountCount;
+        this.IsGenerator = isGenerator;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the one-based index of the first bot account this server animates.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int FirstAccount { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the number of bot accounts this server animates.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int AccountCount { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets a value indicating whether this server generates the bot population - and, likewise, carries
+    /// out the requested reset and purge. Exactly one server does it (the first of the deployment), so
+    /// the generation of the accounts - and of their unique character names - never runs twice at the
+    /// same time. The other servers simply find their accounts once they exist; until then, their spawns
+    /// are retried by the maintenance pass.
+    /// </summary>
+    public bool IsGenerator { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines the share of the bot population which the given game server animates.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="gameContext">The context of the game server which asks.</param>
+    /// <param name="configuration">The bot configuration.</param>
+    /// <param name="logger">The logger.</param>
+    /// <returns>The share of this server.</returns>
+    public static async ValueTask<BotServerPartition> CreateAsync(IGameContext gameContext, BotConfiguration configuration, ILogger logger)
+    {
+        var requestedAccounts = Math.Max(configuration.NumberOfAccounts, 0);
+        var charactersPerAccount = configuration.GetEffectiveCharactersPerAccount();
+        var capacities = await GetAccountCapacitiesAsync(gameContext, configuration, charactersPerAccount, logger).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        if (gameContext is not IGameServerContext serverContext || capacities.Count == 0)
+        {
+            // A deployment we cannot split (no server definitions readable, or a context which is not a
+            // game server, e.g. in tests): behave exactly like before - this server animates everything.
+            return new BotServerPartition(1, requestedAccounts, true);
+        }
+
+        var (partition, assignedAccounts) = Split(capacities, serverContext.Id, requestedAccounts);
+        if (assignedAccounts < requestedAccounts)
+        {
+            logger.LogWarning(
+                "The bot population does not fit: {Requested} account(s) configured, but only {Fitting} fit into {Percent}% of the game servers' capacity. {Dropped} account(s) stay offline - raise the servers' maximum player count, the bot capacity share, or lower the number of accounts.",
+                requestedAccounts,
+                assignedAccounts,
+                configuration.GetEffectiveBotCapacityPercent(),
+                requestedAccounts - assignedAccounts);
+        }
+
+        logger.LogInformation(
+            "This game server ({ServerId}) animates {Count} bot account(s) ({First}..{Last}) of {Requested}.",
+            serverContext.Id,
+            partition.AccountCount,
+            partition.AccountCount == 0 ? 0 : partition.FirstAccount,
+            partition.AccountCount == 0 ? 0 : partition.FirstAccount + partition.AccountCount - 1,
+            requestedAccounts);
+
+        return partition;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether this server animates the bot account with the given one-based index.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="accountIndex">The one-based bot account index.</param>
+    public bool Owns(int accountIndex)
+        => accountIndex >= this.FirstAccount && accountIndex < this.FirstAccount + this.AccountCount;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Hands the accounts to the servers, each getting a share PROPORTIONAL to its capacity: the pure
+    /// decision behind <see cref="CreateAsync"/>. Every server runs it over the same list and gets the
+    /// same answer, which is what makes the split need no coordination at all.
+    /// <para>
+    /// Proportional, not first-come: filling one server to the brim before using the next would leave the
+    /// added server empty until the first one overflows - and a player on it would meet nobody. The bots
+    /// are there to populate the world, so they spread over the servers the players can choose from.
+    /// </para>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="capacities">How many accounts each game server may animate, ordered by server id.</param>
+    /// <param name="serverId">The id of the server which asks.</param>
+    /// <param name="requestedAccounts">The configured number of bot accounts.</param>
+    /// <returns>The share of the asking server, and how many accounts fit into the deployment at all.</returns>
+    internal static (BotServerPartition Partition, int AssignedAccounts) Split(
+        IEnumerable<(byte ServerId, int Capacity)> capacities,
+        byte serverId,
+        int requestedAccounts)
+    {
+        var allServers = capacities.ToList();
+        var servers = allServers.Where(c => c.Capacity > 0).ToList();
+        var totalCapacity = servers.Sum(server => (long)server.Capacity);
+
+        // Who generates - and purges - the population is decided by the SET of servers alone, never by
+        // how many accounts are configured: a deployment which currently wants zero bots still needs an
+        // owner for the destructive operations, otherwise "delete all bots" would silently do nothing on
+        // every server. The first server (they all walk the list in the same order) takes the role.
+        var owner = servers.Count > 0 ? servers[0].ServerId : allServers.Select(server => (byte?)server.ServerId).FirstOrDefault();
+        var isGenerator = owner == serverId;
+
+        if (totalCapacity == 0 || requestedAccounts <= 0)
+        {
+            return (new BotServerPartition(1, 0, isGenerator), 0);
+        }
+
+        // What does not fit into the servers' share stays offline; those accounts wake up as soon as the
+        // deployment offers the room (another game server, a higher player limit or bot capacity share).
+        var assignedAccounts = (int)Math.Min(requestedAccounts, totalCapacity);
+
+        var partition = new BotServerPartition(1, 0, isGenerator);
+        long capacitySoFar = 0;
+        var accountsSoFar = 0;
+        foreach (var (currentServer, capacity) in servers)
+        {
+            capacitySoFar += capacity;
+
+            // Walk the cumulative capacity, so the rounding of one server's share is corrected by the
+            // next one instead of adding up: the shares always sum up to the assigned accounts exactly.
+            var accountsUpToHere = (int)(assignedAccounts * capacitySoFar / totalCapacity);
+            var share = accountsUpToHere - accountsSoFar;
+            if (currentServer == serverId && share > 0)
+            {
+                partition = new BotServerPartition(accountsSoFar + 1, share, isGenerator);
+            }
+
+            accountsSoFar = accountsUpToHere;
+        }
+
+        return (partition, assignedAccounts);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Reads how many bot ACCOUNTS each configured game server may animate: its maximum player count,
+    /// reduced to the bots' share of it, divided by the characters an account animates at once. The
+    /// servers are ordered by their id, so every server walks the same list in the same order.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static async ValueTask<List<(byte ServerId, int Capacity)>> GetAccountCapacitiesAsync(
+        IGameContext gameContext,
+        BotConfiguration configuration,
+        int charactersPerAccount,
+        ILogger logger)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            using var context = gameContext.PersistenceContextProvider.CreateNewConfigurationContext();
+            var definitions = await context.GetAsync<GameServerDefinition>().ConfigureAwait(false);
+            var capacityPercent = configuration.GetEffectiveBotCapacityPercent();
+            return definitions
+                .OrderBy(definition => definition.ServerID)
+                .Select(definition => (
+                    definition.ServerID,
+                    Capacity: (definition.ServerConfiguration?.MaximumPlayers ?? 0) * capacityPercent / 100 / charactersPerAccount))
+                .ToList();
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            logger.LogError(ex, "Could not read the game server definitions; this server animates the whole bot population.");
+            return [];
+        }
+    }
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotShoppingHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,555 @@
+// <copyright file="BotShoppingHandler.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Entities;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.NPC;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Offline;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlayerActions;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlayerActions.Items;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.Pathfinding;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Lets a bot trade with town merchants like a real player: when the backpack silts up or the potions
+/// run low, the bot visits a merchant, sells its junk loot for Zen, repairs its gear and buys refills
+/// with it - closing the economic loop (materializing supplies out of thin air stays only as an
+/// emergency fallback, see the low threshold in <see cref="BotNavigator"/>). The trade uses the regular
+/// player actions (<see cref="TalkNpcAction"/>, <see cref="SellItemToNpcAction"/>,
+/// <see cref="BuyNpcItemAction"/>, <see cref="ItemRepairAction"/>), and while the dialog is open the
+/// player state pauses the combat AI - the bot visibly "shops".
+/// </summary>
+internal static class BotShoppingHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>Start a shopping trip when fewer free backpack slots than this remain.</summary>
+    private const int FreeSlotPressure = 20;
+
+    /// <summary>Go restocking once a potion kind holds less than this share of the target stock.</summary>
+    private const int PotionLowThresholdPercent = 66;
+
+    /// <summary>Maximum purchases per potion kind per trip - a safety bound, the stock target is the real limit.</summary>
+    private const int MaxPurchasesPerKind = 20;
+
+    /// <summary>Maximum jewels bought per trip: a player buys one now and then, not a hoard at once.</summary>
+    private const int MaxJewelPurchasesPerTrip = 3;
+
+    /// <summary>Zen the bot keeps in reserve - it stops buying rather than spend its last coin.</summary>
+    private const int MinZenReserve = 10000;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Zen below which a trip for potions alone is pointless - the cheapest healing item a stock
+    /// merchant sells still costs more than this, so the bot would walk there and buy nothing.
+    /// </summary>
+    private const int MinPotionMoney = 1000;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Zen a bot keeps back before it spends anything on jewels. Jewels are a luxury next to potions and
+    /// repairs, which keep the bot alive and fighting, so it only buys them out of real surplus.
+    /// </summary>
+    private const int JewelPurchaseReserve = 10_000_000;
+
+    private static readonly TalkNpcAction TalkAction = new();
+    private static readonly SellItemToNpcAction SellAction = new();
+    private static readonly BuyNpcItemAction BuyAction = new();
+    private static readonly ItemRepairAction RepairAction = new();
+    private static readonly CloseNpcDialogAction CloseAction = new();
+    private static readonly ItemPriceCalculator PriceCalculator = new();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the bot should go shopping: the backpack is filling up with sellable junk,
+    /// or a potion stack is running low (and there is Zen to restock with).
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player.</param>
+    public static bool NeedsShopping(OfflinePlayer player)
+    {
+        if (player.Inventory is not { } inventory)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (IsUnderSlotPressure(inventory) && GetSellableJunk(player, inventory).Count > 0)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // A potion trip needs something to pay with: Zen, or loot to turn into Zen once it is there.
+        // A broke bot buys nothing, so the trigger still stands when it gets back - and it sets off
+        // again, and again, and never hunts, which is the only way it could have earned the money.
+        // The emergency refill (see BotNavigator) keeps it alive meanwhile, at a stock deliberately
+        // below this target - which is exactly what made the loop permanent rather than occasional.
+        if (GetLowPotionKinds(player).Any()
+            && (player.Money >= MinPotionMoney || GetSellableJunk(player, inventory).Count > 0))
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Both remaining triggers exist because a merchant trip is the ONLY moment a bot can turn its
+        // loot into anything: selling and jewel spending both happen there. A filling backpack alone is
+        // not enough of a trigger - it is exactly what the rest of this class stops happening, so a
+        // tidy bot would sit on a hoard it can neither sell nor spend, forever.
+        return BotJewelHandler.HasSurplus(player)
+               || BotJewelHandler.HasPendingUpgrade(player);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Finds the position of a merchant NPC on the map, preferring the one which sells what the bot
+    /// needs right now. The search runs over the map's LIVE objects, not the spawn configuration:
+    /// wandering merchants exist in the configuration but are only spawned now and then (their spawn
+    /// trigger is not automatic) - a bot walking to a configured but unspawned merchant would wait at an
+    /// empty spot and give up its trip, forever.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player, whose current needs rank the merchants.</param>
+    /// <param name="map">The game map.</param>
+    public static Point? FindMerchantPosition(OfflinePlayer player, GameMap map)
+    {
+        // Covers the whole 256x256 map from its center.
+        var merchants = map.GetNpcsInRange(new Point(128, 128), 256)
+            .Where(n => n.Definition is { ObjectKind: NpcObjectKind.PassiveNpc, MerchantStore.Items.Count: > 0 })
+            .ToList();
+
+        // A map can have a merchant and still be useless for what the bot came for: Crywolf has a
+        // blacksmith and a wandering merchant, neither of which stocks a single potion. Reporting "none
+        // here" sends the bot home to a real town instead of walking it to a shop that cannot help it,
+        // every cooldown, forever.
+        if (GetLowPotionKinds(player).Any()
+            && !merchants.Any(m => SellsPotions(m.Definition.MerchantStore!)))
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        var best = merchants
+            .OrderByDescending(m => ScoreMerchant(player, m.Definition.MerchantStore!))
+            .FirstOrDefault();
+        return best?.Position;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Performs the actual trade with the merchant standing near the given position: opens the dialog,
+    /// sells the junk loot, repairs the gear, buys refills and closes the dialog again.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player.</param>
+    /// <param name="map">The game map.</param>
+    /// <param name="merchantPosition">The position of the merchant.</param>
+    /// <returns>True, if a merchant was found and the trade ran; false if no merchant is there.</returns>
+    public static async ValueTask<bool> TryTradeAsync(OfflinePlayer player, GameMap map, Point merchantPosition)
+    {
+        var merchant = map.GetNpcsInRange(merchantPosition, 4)
+            .FirstOrDefault(n => n.Definition is { ObjectKind: NpcObjectKind.PassiveNpc, MerchantStore.Items.Count: > 0 });
+        if (merchant is null || player.Inventory is not { } inventory)
+        {
+            // Not silent: exactly this case hid the wandering-merchant bug (a configured but
+            // unspawned merchant) for a long time.
+            player.Logger.LogInformation("Bot '{Name}' found no merchant near {Position} and gives up the trip.", player.Name, merchantPosition);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        await TalkAction.TalkToNpcAsync(player, merchant).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        if (player.OpenedNpc is null)
+        {
+            player.Logger.LogInformation("Bot '{Name}' could not open the dialog of '{Merchant}'.", player.Name, merchant.Definition.Designation);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            // Repairing first is not cosmetic: it is the one purchase the bot always makes, and for a
+            // bot sitting at the money limit the Zen it spends is the only headroom its sales will
+            // have. Selling first meant every sale was refused and the junk was destroyed instead,
+            // while the repair a moment later freed enough room to have sold a good part of it.
+            var repaired = await RepairGearAsync(player).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            var (sold, unsold) = await SellJunkAsync(player, inventory).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+            var store = player.OpenedNpc.Definition.MerchantStore;
+            var boughtPotions = store is null ? 0 : await BuyPotionsAsync(player, store).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            var boughtJewels = store is null ? 0 : await BuyJewelsAsync(player, store).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+            // Only now, with every purchase of this visit paid for, is it settled how much room the
+            // money limit really leaves: each Zen spent above buys back the chance to sell one more
+            // piece instead of destroying it.
+            var (soldLate, discarded) = await ClearUnsoldAsync(player, inventory, unsold).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            sold += soldLate;
+
+            // Logged even for a 0/0 visit: an audit must be able to tell "went and had nothing to
+            // do" from a silently failed trip. Every counter reports what REALLY happened - a sale
+            // which the money limit refused is not a sale.
+            player.Logger.LogInformation(
+                "Bot '{Name}' traded with '{Merchant}': sold {Sold} item(s), discarded {Discarded}, repaired {Repaired}, bought {Potions} potion stack(s) and {Jewels} jewel(s), {Money} zen left.",
+                player.Name,
+                merchant.Definition.Designation,
+                sold,
+                discarded,
+                repaired,
+                boughtPotions,
+                boughtJewels,
+                player.Money);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            await CloseAction.CloseNpcDialogAsync(player).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Collects the backpack items the bot has no use for. Not its potions, not the jewels within its
+    /// working stock, and not a piece it would put on - but everything else goes, treasures included.
+    /// Unlike a player, a bot cannot trade an excellent piece away, so hoarding one only silts up the
+    /// backpack until the loot pickup stops entirely.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static List<Item> GetSellableJunk(OfflinePlayer player, IStorage inventory)
+    {
+        var stockLimit = BotJewelHandler.GetStockLimit(player);
+        var keptJewels = new Dictionary<ItemIdentifier, int>();
+        var junk = new List<Item>();
+
+        foreach (var item in inventory.Items)
+        {
+            if (item.ItemSlot < InventoryConstants.EquippableSlotsCount
+                || item.Definition is not { } definition
+                || definition.IsAmmunition)
+            {
+                continue; // equipped, or an archer's arrows - selling those would disarm the bow.
+            }
+
+            var identifier = new ItemIdentifier(definition.Number, definition.Group);
+            if (HealingHandler.HealthPotionPriority.Contains(identifier)
+                || HealingHandler.ManaPotionPriority.Contains(identifier))
+            {
+                continue; // the survival kit the offline AI drinks from.
+            }
+
+            if (BotJewelHandler.UsableJewels.Contains(identifier))
+            {
+                // Keep the working stock and sell the surplus, counting per kind while walking the
+                // backpack: asking "is the stock full?" for each jewel on its own would answer yes for
+                // every one of fifteen Souls at a limit of ten, and the bot would end up with none.
+                var kept = keptJewels.GetValueOrDefault(identifier);
+                if (kept < stockLimit)
+                {
+                    keptJewels[identifier] = kept + 1;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                junk.Add(item);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Whatever the bot would wear stays: selling a piece it picked up as an upgrade one tick
+            // before it puts it on is pure loss.
+            if (!BotEquipmentHandler.IsUpgradeFor(player, item))
+            {
+                junk.Add(item);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return junk;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Sells the junk, most valuable piece first, so that a bot which is close to the money limit still
+    /// captures as much of its loot as fits. What the limit refuses is handed back to the caller: it is
+    /// offered once more after the purchases of this visit have freed some room.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static async ValueTask<(int Sold, List<Item> Unsold)> SellJunkAsync(OfflinePlayer player, IStorage inventory)
+    {
+        var junk = GetSellableJunk(player, inventory)
+            .Select(i => (Item: i, Price: PriceCalculator.CalculateSellingPrice(i, i.Durability())))
+            .OrderByDescending(x => x.Price)
+            .ToList();
+
+        var sold = 0;
+        var unsold = new List<Item>();
+        foreach (var (item, _) in junk)
+        {
+            if (await SellAction.SellItemAsync(player, item.ItemSlot).ConfigureAwait(false))
+            {
+                sold++;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                unsold.Add(item);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return (sold, unsold);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Deals with what the money limit refused earlier. The purchases in between have spent Zen, so a
+    /// second attempt sells whatever now fits. Only what is still refused is destroyed - there is no
+    /// other way out of the backpack for it (a bot cannot trade, and dropping upgraded or excellent gear
+    /// is something no player can do either), and a wedged bot is worse.
+    /// Gear is only destroyed under slot pressure: a full wallet alone is no reason to burn loot, and it
+    /// may well be sellable again next visit. Jewel surplus is not given that benefit of the doubt - a
+    /// kind the bot cannot use at all, or the part above its stock limit, has no use to it whatsoever,
+    /// and waiting for slot pressure just parks it in the backpack for hours.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static async ValueTask<(int Sold, int Discarded)> ClearUnsoldAsync(OfflinePlayer player, IStorage inventory, List<Item> unsold)
+    {
+        if (unsold.Count == 0)
+        {
+            return (0, 0);
+        }
+
+        var maximumMoney = player.GameContext.Configuration.MaximumInventoryMoney;
+        var underPressure = IsUnderSlotPressure(inventory);
+        var sold = 0;
+        var discarded = 0;
+        foreach (var item in unsold)
+        {
+            if (await SellAction.SellItemAsync(player, item.ItemSlot).ConfigureAwait(false))
+            {
+                sold++;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (underPressure || IsDeadWeight(item))
+            {
+                await player.DestroyInventoryItemAsync(item).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                discarded++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (discarded > 0)
+        {
+            player.Logger.LogInformation(
+                "Bot '{Name}' destroyed {Count} item(s) it could not sell: its money is at the maximum of {Maximum}.",
+                player.Name,
+                discarded,
+                maximumMoney);
+        }
+
+        return (sold, discarded);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Repairs the equipped gear while the merchant dialog is open, which is what earns the NPC discount
+    /// (see <see cref="ItemPriceCalculator.CalculateRepairPrice"/>). Repairing in the field without a
+    /// dialog - what the MU Helper's own auto repair does, and why it stays off for bots - pays the full
+    /// price instead. The cost scales with the missing durability, so repairing on every visit costs
+    /// about the same as one big repair later, and never lets an item reach zero, where the price is
+    /// multiplied by the destroyed-item penalty on top.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>The number of items which were repaired.</returns>
+    private static async ValueTask<int> RepairGearAsync(OfflinePlayer player)
+    {
+        if (player.Inventory is not { } inventory)
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        var damaged = new List<(byte Slot, long Price)>();
+        for (var slot = InventoryConstants.FirstEquippableItemSlotIndex; slot <= InventoryConstants.LastEquippableItemSlotIndex; slot++)
+        {
+            if (slot == InventoryConstants.PetSlot)
+            {
+                continue; // pets are repaired by the pet trainer, not here.
+            }
+
+            if (inventory.GetItem(slot) is { } item
+                && item.Durability() < item.GetMaximumDurabilityOfOnePiece())
+            {
+                damaged.Add((slot, PriceCalculator.CalculateRepairPrice(item, true)));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Cheapest first, and never spend down to nothing: repairing everything a bot owns can cost more
+        // than it has, and `RepairAllItemsAsync` would take the money for the first pieces and stop -
+        // leaving the rest at zero durability AND the bot too poor to shop again, which is a trap it
+        // cannot get out of, because the merchant trip is the only place its gear ever gets repaired.
+        var repaired = 0;
+        foreach (var (slot, price) in damaged.OrderBy(d => d.Price))
+        {
+            if (player.Money - price < MinZenReserve)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            await RepairAction.RepairItemAsync(player, slot).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            if (inventory.GetItem(slot) is { } item
+                && item.Durability() >= item.GetMaximumDurabilityOfOnePiece())
+            {
+                repaired++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return repaired;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Restocks the potions the offline AI actually drinks, buying the biggest stack the bot can afford
+    /// of the best kind the merchant offers. Merchants often carry the same potion as a small and a large
+    /// stack; taking the first match would buy the tiny one twenty times over.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static async ValueTask<int> BuyPotionsAsync(OfflinePlayer player, ItemStorage store)
+    {
+        var target = GetPotionStockTarget(player);
+        var bought = 0;
+        foreach (var priority in GetLowPotionKinds(player))
+        {
+            for (var i = 0; i < MaxPurchasesPerKind && GetCharges(player, priority) < target; i++)
+            {
+                if (FindBestOffer(player, store, priority) is not { } offer)
+                {
+                    break; // the merchant has none of this kind, or none the bot can afford.
+                }
+
+                var moneyBefore = player.Money;
+                await BuyAction.BuyItemAsync(player, offer.ItemSlot).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                if (player.Money >= moneyBefore)
+                {
+                    break; // purchase failed (no money / no space)
+                }
+
+                bought++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return bought;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Buys the jewels the bot can spend on its own gear, if the merchant happens to sell any. No stock
+    /// merchant does, so on a default configuration this simply never fires - it is here for servers
+    /// which put jewels into their shops, where it turns a bot's Zen into actual progress instead of
+    /// letting it pile up against the money limit.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static async ValueTask<int> BuyJewelsAsync(OfflinePlayer player, ItemStorage store)
+    {
+        var bought = 0;
+        var stockLimit = BotJewelHandler.GetStockLimit(player);
+        foreach (var identifier in BotJewelHandler.UsableJewels)
+        {
+            while (bought < MaxJewelPurchasesPerTrip
+                   && BotJewelHandler.CountInStock(player, identifier) < stockLimit
+                   && FindAffordableOffer(player, store, identifier, JewelPurchaseReserve) is { } offer)
+            {
+                var moneyBefore = player.Money;
+                await BuyAction.BuyItemAsync(player, offer.ItemSlot).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                if (player.Money >= moneyBefore)
+                {
+                    break; // purchase failed (no money / no space)
+                }
+
+                bought++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return bought;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the potion kinds whose stock is running low, as the priority lists the offline AI drinks by.
+    /// The charges are counted over the whole list, not per item number: a bot with a full stack of
+    /// medium healing potions is not out of healing just because it holds no large ones.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static IEnumerable<ItemIdentifier[]> GetLowPotionKinds(Player player)
+    {
+        var low = GetPotionStockTarget(player) * PotionLowThresholdPercent / 100;
+        if (GetCharges(player, HealingHandler.HealthPotionPriority) < low)
+        {
+            yield return HealingHandler.HealthPotionPriority;
+        }
+
+        if (GetCharges(player, HealingHandler.ManaPotionPriority) < low)
+        {
+            yield return HealingHandler.ManaPotionPriority;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int GetPotionStockTarget(Player player)
+        => BotFeaturePlugIn.GetConfiguration(player.GameContext)?.GetEffectivePotionStockCharges() ?? 60;
+
+    private static int GetCharges(Player player, ItemIdentifier[] kinds)
+    {
+        return (int)(player.Inventory?.Items
+            .Where(i => i.Definition is { } definition && kinds.Contains(new ItemIdentifier(definition.Number, definition.Group)))
+            .Sum(i => i.Durability) ?? 0);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Finds the best offer for a potion list: the highest priority kind the merchant has and the bot can
+    /// afford, and of that kind the biggest stack - one purchase of a 255 charge stack beats twenty
+    /// purchases of a stack of three, in Zen spent per charge as well as in backpack slots used.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static Item? FindBestOffer(Player player, ItemStorage store, ItemIdentifier[] priority)
+    {
+        foreach (var identifier in priority)
+        {
+            // No reserve for potions on purpose: they are what keeps the bot alive and hunting, so
+            // spending the last coin on them is right. Holding a reserve back here meant a bot which
+            // the repair had left just under it walked to the merchant and bought nothing at all.
+            if (FindAffordableOffer(player, store, identifier, 0) is { } offer)
+            {
+                return offer;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static Item? FindAffordableOffer(Player player, ItemStorage store, ItemIdentifier identifier, int reserve)
+    {
+        return store.Items
+            .Where(i => Matches(i, identifier))
+            .Where(i => PriceCalculator.CalculateFinalBuyingPrice(i) + reserve <= player.Money)
+            .OrderByDescending(i => i.Durability)
+            .FirstOrDefault();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Ranks a merchant by what the bot needs right now: the one which sells its potions wins while they
+    /// run low, otherwise a jewel seller is worth the walk. Without this a bot with a full potion stock
+    /// still always walked to the potion girl, past the merchant which had what it actually wanted.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static int ScoreMerchant(OfflinePlayer player, ItemStorage store)
+    {
+        var needsPotions = GetLowPotionKinds(player).Any();
+        var sellsPotions = SellsPotions(store);
+        var sellsJewels = BotJewelHandler.UsableJewels
+            .Any(identifier => store.Items.Any(i => Matches(i, identifier)));
+
+        var score = 0;
+        if (sellsPotions)
+        {
+            score += needsPotions ? 2 : 1;
+        }
+
+        if (sellsJewels)
+        {
+            score += needsPotions ? 1 : 2;
+        }
+
+        return score;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A jewel which reached the junk list: either a kind the bot can never spend, or the part of a
+    /// usable kind above its stock limit. Unlike a piece of gear it has no second life - the bot cannot
+    /// wear it, craft with it or trade it - so when the money limit refuses the sale there is nothing
+    /// left to wait for.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static bool IsDeadWeight(Item item)
+    {
+        if (item.Definition is not { } definition)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var identifier = new ItemIdentifier(definition.Number, definition.Group);
+        return BotJewelHandler.UsableJewels.Contains(identifier)
+               || BotJewelHandler.UnusableJewels.Contains(identifier);
+    }
+
+    private static bool SellsPotions(ItemStorage store)
+        => HealingHandler.HealthPotionPriority.Concat(HealingHandler.ManaPotionPriority)
+            .Any(identifier => store.Items.Any(i => Matches(i, identifier)));
+
+    private static bool Matches(Item item, ItemIdentifier identifier)
+        => item.Definition is { } definition && identifier == new ItemIdentifier(definition.Number, definition.Group);
+
+    private static bool IsUnderSlotPressure(IStorage inventory)
+        => inventory.FreeSlots.Count() < FreeSlotPressure;
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotSkillProgressionPlugIn.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+// <copyright file="BotSkillProgressionPlugIn.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.AttributeSystem;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Attributes;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlayerActions.Character;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlugIns;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.PlugIns;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Grows a server-side bot like a real player when it levels up during play: the earned stat points are
+/// invested according to the bot's class build (see <see cref="BotProgression.GetStatWeights"/>), and any
+/// class skill whose learn requirements (total energy, leadership, character level, ...) are now met is
+/// learned - attack skills as well as the class's own buffs and heals. Skills are only ever learned for
+/// the character's own class (<see cref="Skill.QualifiedCharacters"/>), using the same requirements the
+/// game enforces for human players, so a grown bot matches a freshly generated one of the same level.
+/// </summary>
+[PlugIn]
+[Display(Name = "Bot skill progression", Description = "Invests level-up stat points and teaches server-side bots new class- and level-appropriate skills as they level up.")]
+[Guid("D1F4A7C2-6B3E-4A59-8E71-9C0D2F5B6A84")]
+public class BotSkillProgressionPlugIn : ICharacterLevelUpPlugIn
+{
+    private static readonly IncreaseStatsAction IncreaseStatsAction = new();
+
+    private static readonly BotSkillProgressionPlugIn CatchUp = new();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Applies the progression a bot is owed but has not received, when it enters the world. Both stat
+    /// points and skills are otherwise only handed out on a level-up, so anything a bot became entitled
+    /// to while it was not playing waits for its next one - and a bot at the maximum level has no next
+    /// one. That covers a freshly generated character, one whose level-up handler failed, and a bot which
+    /// qualifies for a skill it was not allowed to learn when it last levelled.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot which entered the world.</param>
+    public static void CatchUpPendingProgress(Player player)
+    {
+        CatchUp.CharacterLeveledUp(player);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public void CharacterLeveledUp(Player player)
+    {
+        if (player.Account?.IsBot != true
+            || player.SelectedCharacter?.CharacterClass is not { }
+            || player.SkillList is not { })
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Queue the progression into the bot's AI tick instead of running it right here: this hook fires
+        // from the experience/level-up path while the combat handler may be enumerating the skill list on
+        // its own timer - the tick serializes both. No own SaveChanges here - the new stats and skills
+        // are persisted by the periodic save, avoiding extra concurrency pressure.
+        if (player is Offline.OfflinePlayer offlinePlayer)
+        {
+            offlinePlayer.PendingBotActions.Enqueue(() => new ValueTask(this.ProgressAsync(offlinePlayer)));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            _ = this.ProgressAsync(player);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async Task ProgressAsync(Player player)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            this.EvolveClassIfDue(player);
+            await this.SpendStatPointsAsync(player).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            await this.LearnNewSkillsAsync(player).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            player.Logger.LogError(ex, "Failed to progress bot '{Name}' after level-up.", player.Name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Changes the bot into its second-generation class (Dark Knight -> Blade Knight etc.) once it
+    /// reaches <see cref="BotProgression.ClassEvolutionLevel"/> - the exact assignment the class-change
+    /// quest performs for a human player (see <c>QuestCompletionAction</c>); simulating the quest run
+    /// itself would be invisible to observers anyway. Skills and gear of the new class follow
+    /// automatically, because all bot progression keys off the current class's qualifications.
+    /// </summary>
+    private void EvolveClassIfDue(Player player)
+    {
+        var character = player.SelectedCharacter!;
+        if (player.Level < BotProgression.ClassEvolutionLevel
+            || BotProgression.GetEvolutionTarget(character.CharacterClass!) is not { } evolvedClass)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        character.CharacterClass = evolvedClass;
+        player.Logger.LogInformation(
+            "Bot '{Name}' evolved into {Class} at level {Level}.",
+            player.Name,
+            evolvedClass.Name,
+            player.Level);
+    }
+
+    private async ValueTask SpendStatPointsAsync(Player player)
+    {
+        var character = player.SelectedCharacter!;
+        var characterClass = character.CharacterClass!;
+        var points = character.LevelUpPoints;
+        if (points <= 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var resetMeta = BotResetHandler.GetResetConfiguration(player.GameContext) is not null;
+        var weights = BotProgression.GetStatWeights(characterClass, character.Name, resetMeta);
+        var vitalityTarget = resetMeta ? BotProgression.GetVitalityTarget(character.Name) : (int?)null;
+
+        // Mirrors the capacity checks of the stat-increase action (a stat's configured maximum on fun
+        // servers), plus the bot's personal vitality target on reset-meta servers: a full stat drops
+        // out of the split, so its share flows into the rest of the build instead of getting lost.
+        long CapacityOf(AttributeDefinition stat)
+        {
+            var classBase = characterClass.StatAttributes.FirstOrDefault(a => a.Attribute == stat);
+            var current = (long)(player.Attributes?[stat] ?? 0f);
+            var capacity = long.MaxValue;
+            if (classBase?.Attribute?.MaximumValue is { } maximumValue)
+            {
+                capacity = (long)maximumValue - current;
+            }
+
+            if (vitalityTarget is { } target && stat == Stats.BaseVitality)
+            {
+                var invested = current - (long)(classBase?.BaseValue ?? 0f);
+                capacity = Math.Min(capacity, target - invested);
+            }
+
+            return capacity;
+        }
+
+        foreach (var (stat, amount) in BotProgression.SplitPoints(points, weights, CapacityOf))
+        {
+            if (amount > 0)
+            {
+                await IncreaseStatsAction.IncreaseStatsAsync(player, stat, (ushort)amount).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async ValueTask LearnNewSkillsAsync(Player player)
+    {
+        var characterClass = player.SelectedCharacter!.CharacterClass!;
+        var skillList = player.SkillList!;
+
+        float? GetValue(AttributeDefinition attribute) => player.Attributes?[attribute];
+
+        foreach (var skill in player.GameContext.Configuration.Skills)
+        {
+            if (!BotProgression.IsBotLearnableSkill(skill)
+                || !skill.QualifiedCharacters.Contains(characterClass)
+                || skillList.ContainsSkill((ushort)skill.Number)
+                || !BotProgression.MeetsRequirements(skill, GetValue))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            await skillList.AddLearnedSkillAsync(skill).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            player.Logger.LogInformation("Bot '{Name}' learned '{Skill}' at level {Level}.", player.Name, skill.Name, player.Level);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/BotWingHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+// <copyright file="BotWingHandler.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+using MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration.Items;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Attributes;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Offline;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Grants a bot its wings at the classic level milestones, like a player who saves up for them:
+/// at level <see cref="FirstTierLevel"/> the first pair (+0, luck, +12 option), at
+/// <see cref="SecondTierLevel"/> the second pair (+9, luck, +16 option) and at
+/// <see cref="ThirdTierLevel"/> the third pair (+15, luck, +16 option). Wings don't drop from
+/// monsters, so they are created directly and put straight into the wing slot - the planner
+/// guarantees the class qualification and level requirement a regular equip would check, and the
+/// slot placement mounts the power-ups like one. The outgrown pair is destroyed - never dropped,
+/// so no player can grab a made-up wing from the ground.
+/// The wing model of the item data does the rest: which classes may wear which pair is defined by
+/// <see cref="ItemDefinition.QualifiedCharacters"/>, so e.g. the third-tier wings (master classes
+/// only) are simply not offered to a bot which did not evolve yet, and the Dark Lord/Rage Fighter
+/// capes - their only pre-master wing - are re-granted as a fresh +9 cape at the second milestone.
+/// </summary>
+internal static class BotWingHandler
+{
+    /// <summary>The level at which a bot gets its first tier wings (+0, luck, +12 option).</summary>
+    private const int FirstTierLevel = 180;
+
+    /// <summary>The level at which a bot gets its second tier wings (+9, luck, +16 option).</summary>
+    private const int SecondTierLevel = 280;
+
+    /// <summary>The level at which a bot gets its third tier wings (+15, luck, +16 option).</summary>
+    private const int ThirdTierLevel = 400;
+
+    /// <summary>The item level of the second tier grant; also disambiguates the tier of a cape (see <see cref="TierOf"/>).</summary>
+    private const byte SecondTierItemLevel = 9;
+
+    /// <summary>First tier wing numbers (group 12): Wings of Elf, Heaven, Satan and Curse.</summary>
+    private static readonly (byte Group, short Number)[] FirstTierIds = { (12, 0), (12, 1), (12, 2), (12, 41) };
+
+    /// <summary>Second tier wing numbers (group 12): Wings of Spirits, Soul, Dragon, Darkness and Despair.</summary>
+    private static readonly (byte Group, short Number)[] SecondTierIds = { (12, 3), (12, 4), (12, 5), (12, 6), (12, 42) };
+
+    /// <summary>Third tier wing numbers (group 12): Wing of Storm, Eternal, Illusion, Ruin, Dimension and the Capes of Emperor/Overrule.</summary>
+    private static readonly (byte Group, short Number)[] ThirdTierIds = { (12, 36), (12, 37), (12, 38), (12, 39), (12, 40), (12, 43), (12, 50) };
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The Cape of Lord (13, 30, Dark Lord) and Cape of Fighter (12, 49, Rage Fighter): the only
+    /// pre-master wing of their classes, granted at the first milestone at +0 and again at the
+    /// second as a fresh +9 cape. Unlike all other wings, the Cape of Lord lives in group 13 -
+    /// group 12 number 30 is the Packed Jewel of Bless (which the wing-slot filter of
+    /// <see cref="PlanNextGrant"/> would keep out of the candidates anyway).
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly (byte Group, short Number)[] CapeIds = { (13, 30), (12, 49) };
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks the bot's level milestones and puts on the earned wings; called from the bot's regular
+    /// evaluation cadence, queued into the MuHelper tick because equipping mounts item power-ups.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player.</param>
+    public static async ValueTask TryAdvanceWingsAsync(OfflinePlayer player)
+    {
+        if (PlanNextGrant(player) is not { } plan || player.Inventory is not { } inventory)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // The outgrown pair is destroyed, not dropped - a conjured wing must never lie on the
+        // ground for a player to pick up. Clearing the slot first also keeps the grant independent
+        // of the backpack, which is usually too crammed with loot for a wing's 5x3 footprint.
+        if (inventory.GetItem(InventoryConstants.WingsSlot) is { } outgrown)
+        {
+            await player.DestroyInventoryItemAsync(outgrown).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            player.Logger.LogInformation("Bot '{Name}' discarded its outgrown wings '{Wings}'.", player.Name, outgrown);
+        }
+
+        // Directly into the wing slot: the planner already guarantees the class qualification and
+        // the level requirement, and the slot placement mounts the power-ups and broadcasts the
+        // changed appearance like a regular equip.
+        var wings = CreateWings(player, plan);
+        if (!await inventory.AddItemAsync(InventoryConstants.WingsSlot, wings).ConfigureAwait(false))
+        {
+            // Shouldn't happen - the slot was just cleared; don't leak the created item.
+            await player.PersistenceContext.DeleteAsync(wings).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            player.Logger.LogWarning("Bot '{Name}' could not equip its new wings '{Wings}'.", player.Name, wings);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        player.Logger.LogInformation("Bot '{Name}' earned its tier {Tier} wings: '{Wings}'.", player.Name, plan.Tier, wings);
+
+        try
+        {
+            // Persist right away like after using jewels - a milestone shouldn't be lost (and the
+            // outgrown pair resurrected) by a crash before the next periodic save.
+            await player.SaveProgressAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            player.Logger.LogWarning(ex, "Couldn't save bot '{Name}' right after granting wings; the periodic save will retry.", player.Name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines the wings the bot has earned but does not wear yet, or <c>null</c> when it already
+    /// wears its best earned pair (or none is due). Pure decision logic - exposed for unit tests.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player.</param>
+    internal static (ItemDefinition Definition, byte ItemLevel, int OptionLevel, int Tier)? PlanNextGrant(Player player)
+    {
+        if (player.Inventory is not { } inventory
+            || player.SelectedCharacter?.CharacterClass is not { } characterClass
+            || player.Attributes is not { } attributes)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        var level = (int)attributes[Stats.Level];
+        var earnedTier = level switch
+        {
+            >= ThirdTierLevel => 3,
+            >= SecondTierLevel => 2,
+            >= FirstTierLevel => 1,
+            _ => 0,
+        };
+
+        // Walk down from the earned tier to the best one the class currently qualifies for: a bot
+        // which did not evolve into its master class yet simply isn't qualified for the third tier
+        // wings and keeps its second pair until the evolution.
+        for (var tier = earnedTier; tier >= 1; tier--)
+        {
+            var candidates = player.GameContext.Configuration.Items
+                .Where(d => TierIds(tier).Contains((d.Group, d.Number))
+                            && d.ItemSlot?.ItemSlots.Contains(InventoryConstants.WingsSlot) == true
+                            && d.QualifiedCharacters.Contains(characterClass))
+                .ToList();
+            if (candidates.Count == 0)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (inventory.GetItem(InventoryConstants.WingsSlot) is { } equipped && TierOf(equipped) >= tier)
+            {
+                // Already wearing this tier (or a better one, e.g. right after a reset while
+                // re-levelling through the lower milestones) - never downgrade.
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            var isCaster = attributes[Stats.TotalEnergy] > attributes[Stats.TotalStrength];
+            var definition = candidates.MaxBy(d => FindWingOption(d, isCaster).Score)!;
+            var (itemLevel, optionLevel) = tier switch
+            {
+                3 => ((byte)15, 4),
+                2 => (SecondTierItemLevel, 4),
+                _ => ((byte)0, 3),
+            };
+
+            return (definition, itemLevel, optionLevel, tier);
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static IReadOnlyCollection<(byte Group, short Number)> TierIds(int tier)
+    {
+        return tier switch
+        {
+            3 => ThirdTierIds,
+            2 => SecondTierIds.Concat(CapeIds).ToList(),
+            _ => FirstTierIds.Concat(CapeIds).ToList(),
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The tier a worn wing counts as; the capes are the first-tier grant of their classes but count
+    /// as the second one once re-granted at +9.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static int TierOf(Item wings)
+    {
+        if (wings.Definition is not { } definition)
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        var id = (definition.Group, definition.Number);
+        if (ThirdTierIds.Contains(id))
+        {
+            return 3;
+        }
+
+        if (CapeIds.Contains(id))
+        {
+            return wings.Level >= SecondTierItemLevel ? 2 : 1;
+        }
+
+        if (SecondTierIds.Contains(id))
+        {
+            return 2;
+        }
+
+        return FirstTierIds.Contains(id) ? 1 : 0;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Picks the wing's "additional" option (the +4-per-level one, <see cref="ItemOptionTypes.Option"/>)
+    /// which fits the bot's fighting style best - wizardry damage for casters, physical damage
+    /// otherwise - and scores it, so wings offering the matching damage option (the Magic Gladiator
+    /// may wear both Wings of Heaven and Satan) win the candidate selection.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static (IncreasableItemOption? Option, int Score) FindWingOption(ItemDefinition definition, bool isCaster)
+    {
+        static int ScoreOf(IncreasableItemOption option, bool isCaster)
+        {
+            var target = option.PowerUpDefinition?.TargetAttribute;
+            if (target == Stats.WizardryBaseDmg || target == Stats.CurseBaseDmg)
+            {
+                return isCaster ? 3 : 1;
+            }
+
+            if (target == Stats.PhysicalBaseDmg)
+            {
+                return isCaster ? 1 : 3;
+            }
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        return definition.PossibleItemOptions
+            .SelectMany(o => o.PossibleOptions)
+            .Where(o => o.OptionType == ItemOptionTypes.Option)
+            .Select(o => ((IncreasableItemOption?)o, ScoreOf(o, isCaster)))
+            .OrderByDescending(pair => pair.Item2)
+            .FirstOrDefault();
+    }
+
+    private static Item CreateWings(OfflinePlayer player, (ItemDefinition Definition, byte ItemLevel, int OptionLevel, int Tier) plan)
+    {
+        var item = player.PersistenceContext.CreateNew<Item>();
+        item.Definition = plan.Definition;
+        item.Level = plan.ItemLevel;
+        item.Durability = plan.Definition.Durability;
+
+        if (plan.Definition.PossibleItemOptions
+                .SelectMany(o => o.PossibleOptions)
+                .FirstOrDefault(o => o.OptionType == ItemOptionTypes.Luck) is { } luck)
+        {
+            var luckLink = player.PersistenceContext.CreateNew<ItemOptionLink>();
+            luckLink.ItemOption = luck;
+            item.ItemOptions.Add(luckLink);
+        }
+
+        var isCaster = player.Attributes![Stats.TotalEnergy] > player.Attributes[Stats.TotalStrength];
+        if (FindWingOption(plan.Definition, isCaster).Option is { } option)
+        {
+            var optionLink = player.PersistenceContext.CreateNew<ItemOptionLink>();
+            optionLink.ItemOption = option;
+            optionLink.Level = plan.OptionLevel;
+            item.ItemOptions.Add(optionLink);
+        }
+
+        return item;
+    }
+}

src/GameLogic/Bots/PendingPartyInvite.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// <copyright file="PendingPartyInvite.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A party invitation from a player which a bot accepted, waiting for the human-like delay to pass
+/// before the party is actually formed (see <see cref="BotPartyHandler"/>).
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="Requester">The player who invited the bot.</param>
+/// <param name="AcceptAtUtc">When the bot answers the invitation.</param>
+internal sealed record PendingPartyInvite(Player Requester, DateTime AcceptAtUtc);

src/GameLogic/CastleSiege/CastleSiegeContext.cs

@@ -4,109 +4,151 @@
 
 namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.CastleSiege;
 
+using MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration;
+
 /// <summary>
-/// In-memory Castle Siege phase state machine and battle contention (P3).
+/// In-memory Castle Siege state machine and battle contention.
 /// Time is injected via method parameters so it can be tested deterministically.
-/// Battle rule: attackers must destroy all castle defenses (gates + guardian statues) and then hold BOTH
-/// Crown Switches at the same time — the switches are held by standing on them (evaluated per tick by the
-/// plugin), and once both are held by one guild with the defenses down, that guild captures the throne.
-/// The throne holder when the siege ends becomes the castle owner.
+/// <para>
+/// The cycle uses the original Season 6 <see cref="CastleSiegeState"/> values, which are exactly the values
+/// the game client expects (see <c>CASTLESIEGE_STATE</c> in the client's <c>WSclient.h</c>). AdaMu drives only
+/// a subset of them, because it registers guilds directly and has no Mark of Lord step:
+/// </para>
+/// <code>
+/// Idle1(0) -> RegisterGuild(1) -> Ready(6) -> Start(7) -> End(8) -> EndCycle(9) -> Idle1(0)
+/// </code>
+/// <para>
+/// The skipped states (<see cref="CastleSiegeState.Idle2"/>, <see cref="CastleSiegeState.RegisterMark"/>,
+/// <see cref="CastleSiegeState.Idle3"/>, <see cref="CastleSiegeState.Notify"/>) keep their numbers so the
+/// client stays compatible; the server simply never enters them.
+/// </para>
+/// <para>
+/// Guilds are identified by their persistent <see cref="Guid"/>, not by name. A guild rename (or a delete and
+/// re-create under the same name) therefore can no longer transfer castle ownership to the wrong guild. Names
+/// are carried alongside purely for display and for the packets that send a name to the client.
+/// </para>
+/// Battle rule: a guild takes the throne by holding BOTH Crown Switches at the same time. A switch is
+/// operated by clicking it and then staying in its area: the operation needs
+/// <see cref="CastleSiegeSettings.SwitchPushSeconds"/> to complete, after which the switch counts as held
+/// until its operator leaves. While one guild holds both switches the crown's shield drops for it, and its
+/// guild master can start the crown hold to capture the throne. The throne can change hands as often as the
+/// switches do; whoever holds it when the siege ends becomes the castle owner.
 /// </summary>
 public class CastleSiegeContext
 {
     /// <summary>The Crown Switch NPC numbers on Valley of Loren; both must be held to take the throne.</summary>
     public static readonly short[] SwitchNumbers = { 217, 218 };
 
-    private readonly List<string> _registeredGuilds = new();
-    private readonly Dictionary<short, string?> _switchHolders = new() { { 217, null }, { 218, null } };
-    private DateTime _phaseStartedUtc;
-    private string? _occupier;
+    private readonly Dictionary<Guid, string> _registeredGuilds = new();
+    private readonly Dictionary<short, CastleSiegeSwitchOperation?> _switches = new() { { 217, null }, { 218, null } };
+    private DateTime _stateStartedUtc;
+    private Guid? _occupier;
+    private string? _occupierName;
     private int _defensesRemaining;
     private bool _dirty;
-    private string? _crownHoldGuild;
+    private Guid? _crownHoldGuild;
     private DateTime? _crownHoldStartUtc;
+    private Guid? _crownHoldRequestedBy;
     private bool _lastShieldDown;
 
     /// <summary>Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="CastleSiegeContext"/> class.</summary>
     /// <param name="configuration">The cycle timing configuration.</param>
-    public CastleSiegeContext(CastleSiegeConfiguration configuration)
+    public CastleSiegeContext(CastleSiegeSettings configuration)
     {
         this.Configuration = configuration;
-        this.Phase = CastleSiegePhase.Ownership;
+        this.State = CastleSiegeState.Idle1;
     }
 
-    /// <summary>Raised after the phase changes. Argument is the new phase.</summary>
-    public event Action<CastleSiegePhase>? PhaseChanged;
+    /// <summary>Raised after the state changes. Argument is the new state.</summary>
+    public event Action<CastleSiegeState>? StateChanged;
 
     /// <summary>Gets the configuration (durations + schedule). Refreshed each tick from the live plugin config
     /// so AdminPanel edits take effect without a restart.</summary>
-    public CastleSiegeConfiguration Configuration { get; private set; }
+    public CastleSiegeSettings Configuration { get; private set; }
 
-    /// <summary>Points the context at the current (possibly AdminPanel-edited) plugin configuration.</summary>
-    /// <param name="configuration">The live configuration.</param>
-    public void UpdateConfiguration(CastleSiegeConfiguration configuration) => this.Configuration = configuration;
+    /// <summary>Gets the current state.</summary>
+    public CastleSiegeState State { get; private set; }
 
-    /// <summary>Gets the current phase.</summary>
-    public CastleSiegePhase Phase { get; private set; }
+    /// <summary>Gets the UTC time the current state started (used for persistence/restore).</summary>
+    public DateTime StateStartedUtc => this._stateStartedUtc;
 
-    /// <summary>Gets the UTC time the current phase started (used for persistence/restore).</summary>
-    public DateTime PhaseStartedUtc => this._phaseStartedUtc;
+    /// <summary>Gets the persistent identifier of the owner guild, or <see langword="null"/> if unowned.</summary>
+    public Guid? OwnerGuildId { get; private set; }
 
-    /// <summary>Gets the current owner guild name, or null if unowned.</summary>
+    /// <summary>Gets the owner guild's name for display and client packets, or null.</summary>
     public string? OwnerGuildName { get; private set; }
 
-    /// <summary>Gets the guild currently holding the throne during the siege (P3), or null.</summary>
-    public string? OccupierGuildName => this._occupier;
+    /// <summary>Gets the guild currently holding the throne during the siege, or null.</summary>
+    public Guid? OccupierGuildId => this._occupier;
+
+    /// <summary>Gets the throne holder's name for display and client packets, or null.</summary>
+    public string? OccupierGuildName => this._occupierName;
 
     /// <summary>Gets the number of castle defenses (gates + statues) still standing; the throne needs 0.</summary>
     public int DefensesRemaining => this._defensesRemaining;
 
-    /// <summary>Gets the guild names registered for the current cycle.</summary>
-    public IReadOnlyList<string> RegisteredGuilds => this._registeredGuilds;
+    /// <summary>Gets the persistent identifiers of the guilds registered for the current cycle.</summary>
+    public IReadOnlyCollection<Guid> RegisteredGuildIds => this._registeredGuilds.Keys;
+
+    /// <summary>Gets the names of the guilds registered for the current cycle (display only).</summary>
+    public IReadOnlyCollection<string> RegisteredGuildNames => this._registeredGuilds.Values;
+
+    /// <summary>Gets a value indicating whether the siege battle is currently running.</summary>
+    public bool IsSiegeRunning => this.State == CastleSiegeState.Start;
+
+    /// <summary>Points the context at the current (possibly AdminPanel-edited) plugin configuration.</summary>
+    /// <param name="configuration">The live configuration.</param>
+    public void UpdateConfiguration(CastleSiegeSettings configuration) => this.Configuration = configuration;
+
+    /// <summary>Returns whether the given guild is registered for the current cycle.</summary>
+    /// <param name="guildId">The persistent guild identifier.</param>
+    public bool IsRegistered(Guid guildId) => this._registeredGuilds.ContainsKey(guildId);
 
     /// <summary>Advances the state machine based on the current time.</summary>
     /// <param name="now">The current UTC time.</param>
     public ValueTask TickAsync(DateTime now)
     {
-        switch (this.Phase)
+        switch (this.State)
         {
-            case CastleSiegePhase.Ownership:
+            case CastleSiegeState.Idle1:
                 if (this.Configuration.IsRegistrationOpenTime(now))
                 {
                     return this.ForceStartRegistrationAsync(now);
                 }
 
                 break;
-            case CastleSiegePhase.Registration:
-                if (now >= this._phaseStartedUtc + this.Configuration.RegistrationDuration)
+            case CastleSiegeState.RegisterGuild:
+                if (now >= this._stateStartedUtc + this.Configuration.RegistrationDuration)
                 {
-                    return this.TransitionAsync(CastleSiegePhase.Preparation, now);
+                    return this.TransitionAsync(CastleSiegeState.Ready, now);
                 }
 
                 break;
-            case CastleSiegePhase.Preparation:
-                if (now >= this._phaseStartedUtc + this.Configuration.PreparationDuration)
+            case CastleSiegeState.Ready:
+                if (now >= this._stateStartedUtc + this.Configuration.PreparationDuration)
                 {
-                    return this.TransitionAsync(CastleSiegePhase.Siege, now);
+                    return this.TransitionAsync(CastleSiegeState.Start, now);
                 }
 
                 break;
-            case CastleSiegePhase.Siege:
-                if (now >= this._phaseStartedUtc + this.Configuration.SiegeDuration)
+            case CastleSiegeState.Start:
+                if (now >= this._stateStartedUtc + this.Configuration.SiegeDuration)
                 {
-                    return this.TransitionAsync(CastleSiegePhase.Settlement, now);
+                    return this.TransitionAsync(CastleSiegeState.End, now);
                 }
 
                 break;
-            case CastleSiegePhase.Settlement:
+            case CastleSiegeState.End:
                 // Winner = guild holding the throne at siege end. If none captured, owner unchanged.
                 if (this._occupier is { } occupier)
                 {
-                    this.SetOwner(occupier);
+                    this.SetOwner(occupier, this._occupierName);
                 }
 
                 this.ClearBattleState();
-                return this.TransitionAsync(CastleSiegePhase.Ownership, now);
+                return this.TransitionAsync(CastleSiegeState.EndCycle, now);
+            case CastleSiegeState.EndCycle:
+                return this.TransitionAsync(CastleSiegeState.Idle1, now);
             default:
                 break;
         }
@@ -114,62 +156,67 @@ public class CastleSiegeContext
         return ValueTask.CompletedTask;
     }
 
-    /// <summary>Admin: forces the cycle into registration now (from any phase).</summary>
+    /// <summary>Admin: forces the cycle into guild registration now (from any state).</summary>
     /// <param name="now">The current UTC time.</param>
     public ValueTask ForceStartRegistrationAsync(DateTime now)
     {
         this._registeredGuilds.Clear();
         this.ClearBattleState();
-        return this.TransitionAsync(CastleSiegePhase.Registration, now);
+        return this.TransitionAsync(CastleSiegeState.RegisterGuild, now);
     }
 
-    /// <summary>Admin: forces a specific phase now.</summary>
-    /// <param name="phase">The target phase.</param>
+    /// <summary>Admin: forces a specific state now.</summary>
+    /// <param name="state">The target state.</param>
     /// <param name="now">The current UTC time.</param>
-    public ValueTask ForcePhaseAsync(CastleSiegePhase phase, DateTime now)
-        => this.TransitionAsync(phase, now);
+    public ValueTask ForceStateAsync(CastleSiegeState state, DateTime now)
+        => this.TransitionAsync(state, now);
 
-    /// <summary>Admin: resets to the ownership (resting) phase and clears registrations/battle state.</summary>
+    /// <summary>Admin: resets to the idle (resting) state and clears registrations/battle state.</summary>
     /// <param name="now">The current UTC time.</param>
     public ValueTask ResetAsync(DateTime now)
     {
         this._registeredGuilds.Clear();
         this.ClearBattleState();
-        return this.TransitionAsync(CastleSiegePhase.Ownership, now);
+        return this.TransitionAsync(CastleSiegeState.Idle1, now);
     }
 
-    /// <summary>Registers a guild (by name) for the current cycle. No-op outside registration.</summary>
-    /// <param name="guildName">The guild name.</param>
-    public void RegisterGuild(string guildName)
+    /// <summary>Registers a guild for the current cycle. No-op outside the registration state.</summary>
+    /// <param name="guildId">The persistent guild identifier.</param>
+    /// <param name="guildName">The guild name, for display.</param>
+    public void RegisterGuild(Guid guildId, string guildName)
     {
-        if (this.Phase == CastleSiegePhase.Registration
-            && !this._registeredGuilds.Contains(guildName))
+        if (this.State == CastleSiegeState.RegisterGuild
+            && this._registeredGuilds.TryAdd(guildId, guildName))
         {
-            this._registeredGuilds.Add(guildName);
             this._dirty = true;
         }
     }
 
-    /// <summary>Admin: sets (or clears) the current owner guild name.</summary>
-    /// <param name="guildName">The owner guild name, or null to clear.</param>
-    public void SetOwner(string? guildName)
+    /// <summary>Admin: sets (or clears) the current owner guild.</summary>
+    /// <param name="guildId">The owner guild identifier, or null to clear.</param>
+    /// <param name="guildName">The owner guild name, or null.</param>
+    public void SetOwner(Guid? guildId, string? guildName)
     {
-        this.OwnerGuildName = guildName;
+        this.OwnerGuildId = guildId;
+        this.OwnerGuildName = guildId is null ? null : guildName;
         this._dirty = true;
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Mirrors the shared castle owner from the configuration. Used on game servers that do NOT host the
+    /// Mirrors the shared castle owner loaded from the database. Used on game servers that do NOT host the
     /// siege, so their hunting-map gate and castle flag still reflect the current owner. Does not mark the
     /// state dirty (these servers never persist).
     /// </summary>
-    public void SyncOwnerFromConfig()
+    /// <param name="guildId">The owner guild identifier, or null.</param>
+    /// <param name="guildName">The owner guild name, or null.</param>
+    public void SyncOwner(Guid? guildId, string? guildName)
     {
-        this.OwnerGuildName = this.Configuration.PersistedOwnerGuildName;
+        this.OwnerGuildId = guildId;
+        this.OwnerGuildName = guildId is null ? null : guildName;
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Sets the weekly auto-schedule (days of week + UTC time) into the configuration and marks the state
+    /// Sets the auto-open schedule (days of week + UTC time) into the configuration and marks the state
     /// dirty for persistence. Empty days disables auto-start (manual only). The configuration is the single
     /// source of truth, so this is equivalent to editing the plugin config in the AdminPanel.
     /// </summary>
@@ -192,83 +239,127 @@ public class CastleSiegeContext
     /// <param name="nowUtc">The current UTC time.</param>
     public TimeSpan GetRemainingSiegeTime(DateTime nowUtc)
     {
-        if (this.Phase != CastleSiegePhase.Siege)
+        if (!this.IsSiegeRunning)
         {
             return TimeSpan.Zero;
         }
 
-        var remaining = (this._phaseStartedUtc + this.Configuration.SiegeDuration) - nowUtc;
+        var remaining = (this._stateStartedUtc + this.Configuration.SiegeDuration) - nowUtc;
         return remaining > TimeSpan.Zero ? remaining : TimeSpan.Zero;
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Returns the guild that currently holds BOTH crown switches while all castle defenses are down (so the
-    /// crown's shield is dropped for them), or null. Only meaningful during the siege.
+    /// Returns how much time is left in the current state, or <see cref="TimeSpan.Zero"/> when the state has
+    /// no duration (idle states wait for an admin command or the auto-open time).
     /// </summary>
-    public string? GetShieldEligibleGuild()
+    /// <param name="nowUtc">The current UTC time.</param>
+    public TimeSpan GetRemainingStateTime(DateTime nowUtc)
     {
-        if (this.Phase != CastleSiegePhase.Siege || this._defensesRemaining > 0)
+        var duration = this.State switch
+        {
+            CastleSiegeState.RegisterGuild => this.Configuration.RegistrationDuration,
+            CastleSiegeState.Ready => this.Configuration.PreparationDuration,
+            CastleSiegeState.Start => this.Configuration.SiegeDuration,
+            _ => TimeSpan.Zero,
+        };
+
+        if (duration == TimeSpan.Zero)
+        {
+            return TimeSpan.Zero;
+        }
+
+        var remaining = (this._stateStartedUtc + duration) - nowUtc;
+        return remaining > TimeSpan.Zero ? remaining : TimeSpan.Zero;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns the guild which currently holds BOTH Crown Switches, so the crown's shield is dropped for it,
+    /// or null. Only meaningful during the siege.
+    /// </summary>
+    public Guid? GetShieldEligibleGuild()
+    {
+        if (!this.IsSiegeRunning)
         {
             return null;
         }
 
-        var holder = this._switchHolders[217];
-        return holder is not null && holder == this._switchHolders[218] ? holder : null;
+        var first = this.GetHeldSwitchGuild(217);
+        return first is not null && first == this.GetHeldSwitchGuild(218) ? first : null;
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Advances the crown-hold capture. <paramref name="eligibleGuild"/> is the guild with both switches held
-    /// and no defenses left (shield down); <paramref name="masterHolding"/> is whether that guild's master is
-    /// standing on the crown. Captures the throne for the guild once it has held for <paramref name="holdDuration"/>.
-    /// Losing a switch or the master leaving the crown resets the hold (contestable until the siege ends).
+    /// Registers a guild master's intent to take the crown, which is what the crown hold waits for: standing
+    /// on the crown alone does nothing until its guild master clicked it. Ignored when the guild does not
+    /// hold both switches, so a click can never arm a hold the guild isn't entitled to.
     /// </summary>
-    /// <param name="eligibleGuild">The guild with both switches and no defenses, or null.</param>
+    /// <param name="guildId">The requesting guild master's guild identifier.</param>
+    /// <returns><see langword="true"/> if the request was accepted.</returns>
+    public bool RequestCrownHold(Guid guildId)
+    {
+        if (this.GetShieldEligibleGuild() != guildId || this._occupier == guildId)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        this._crownHoldRequestedBy = guildId;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Advances the crown-hold capture. <paramref name="eligibleGuild"/> is the guild holding both switches
+    /// (shield down) and <paramref name="masterHolding"/> is whether that guild's master stands on the crown.
+    /// The hold only runs after the master requested it via <see cref="RequestCrownHold"/>; it captures the
+    /// throne once it ran for <paramref name="holdDuration"/>. Losing a switch or the master leaving the crown
+    /// resets the hold, and the crown has to be clicked again (contestable until the siege ends).
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="eligibleGuild">The guild holding both switches, or null.</param>
+    /// <param name="eligibleGuildName">That guild's name, for display.</param>
     /// <param name="masterHolding">Whether that guild's master is on the crown.</param>
     /// <param name="now">The current UTC time.</param>
     /// <param name="holdDuration">How long the master must hold to capture.</param>
-    public CrownTickResult TickCrownHold(string? eligibleGuild, bool masterHolding, DateTime now, TimeSpan holdDuration)
+    public CrownTickResult TickCrownHold(Guid? eligibleGuild, string? eligibleGuildName, bool masterHolding, DateTime now, TimeSpan holdDuration)
     {
-        var shieldDown = this.Phase == CastleSiegePhase.Siege && eligibleGuild is not null;
+        var shieldDown = this.IsSiegeRunning && eligibleGuild is not null;
         var shieldChanged = shieldDown != this._lastShieldDown;
         this._lastShieldDown = shieldDown;
 
-        if (this.Phase != CastleSiegePhase.Siege)
+        if (!this.IsSiegeRunning)
         {
-            this._crownHoldGuild = null;
-            this._crownHoldStartUtc = null;
-            return new CrownTickResult(false, shieldChanged, CrownEvent.None, null);
+            this.ResetCrownHold();
+            return new CrownTickResult(false, shieldChanged, CrownEvent.None, null, null);
         }
 
         var wasHolding = this._crownHoldGuild is not null;
 
-        // The guild that already occupies the throne just holds it — no re-registration (avoids a capture loop).
+        // The guild that already occupies the throne just holds it - no re-registration (avoids a capture loop).
         // Only a DIFFERENT guild taking both switches can register/capture (contest).
-        var canCapture = eligibleGuild is not null && eligibleGuild != this._occupier;
+        var canCapture = eligibleGuild is not null
+                         && eligibleGuild != this._occupier
+                         && this._crownHoldRequestedBy == eligibleGuild;
 
         if (!canCapture || !masterHolding)
         {
-            this._crownHoldGuild = null;
-            this._crownHoldStartUtc = null;
-            return new CrownTickResult(shieldDown, shieldChanged, wasHolding ? CrownEvent.HoldReset : CrownEvent.None, null);
+            this.ResetCrownHold();
+            return new CrownTickResult(shieldDown, shieldChanged, wasHolding ? CrownEvent.HoldReset : CrownEvent.None, null, null);
         }
 
         if (this._crownHoldGuild != eligibleGuild || this._crownHoldStartUtc is null)
         {
             this._crownHoldGuild = eligibleGuild;
             this._crownHoldStartUtc = now;
-            return new CrownTickResult(shieldDown, shieldChanged, CrownEvent.HoldStarted, eligibleGuild);
+            return new CrownTickResult(shieldDown, shieldChanged, CrownEvent.HoldStarted, eligibleGuild, eligibleGuildName);
         }
 
         if (now - this._crownHoldStartUtc.Value >= holdDuration)
         {
             this._occupier = eligibleGuild;
-            this._crownHoldGuild = null;
-            this._crownHoldStartUtc = null;
+            this._occupierName = eligibleGuildName;
+            this.ResetCrownHold();
             this._dirty = true;
-            return new CrownTickResult(shieldDown, shieldChanged, CrownEvent.Captured, eligibleGuild);
+            return new CrownTickResult(shieldDown, shieldChanged, CrownEvent.Captured, eligibleGuild, eligibleGuildName);
         }
 
-        return new CrownTickResult(shieldDown, shieldChanged, CrownEvent.None, eligibleGuild);
+        return new CrownTickResult(shieldDown, shieldChanged, CrownEvent.None, eligibleGuild, eligibleGuildName);
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -283,22 +374,27 @@ public class CastleSiegeContext
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Restores persisted state on startup (owner, phase, phase-start, registrations) directly, without
-    /// firing <see cref="PhaseChanged"/> or marking the state dirty. Battle state stays cleared.
+    /// Restores persisted state on startup (owner, state, state-start, registrations) directly, without
+    /// firing <see cref="StateChanged"/> or marking the state dirty. Battle state stays cleared.
     /// </summary>
-    /// <param name="owner">The persisted owner guild name, or null.</param>
-    /// <param name="phase">The persisted phase.</param>
-    /// <param name="phaseStartedUtc">When the persisted phase started (UTC), or null to keep the default.</param>
-    /// <param name="registeredGuilds">The persisted registered guild names, or null.</param>
-    public void RestoreState(string? owner, CastleSiegePhase phase, DateTime? phaseStartedUtc, IEnumerable<string>? registeredGuilds)
+    /// <param name="ownerGuildId">The persisted owner guild identifier, or null.</param>
+    /// <param name="ownerGuildName">The persisted owner guild name, or null.</param>
+    /// <param name="state">The persisted state.</param>
+    /// <param name="stateStartedUtc">When the persisted state started (UTC), or null to keep the default.</param>
+    /// <param name="registeredGuilds">The persisted registrations (id to name), or null.</param>
+    public void RestoreState(Guid? ownerGuildId, string? ownerGuildName, CastleSiegeState state, DateTime? stateStartedUtc, IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<Guid, string>>? registeredGuilds)
     {
-        this.OwnerGuildName = owner;
-        this.Phase = phase;
-        this._phaseStartedUtc = phaseStartedUtc ?? this._phaseStartedUtc;
+        this.OwnerGuildId = ownerGuildId;
+        this.OwnerGuildName = ownerGuildId is null ? null : ownerGuildName;
+        this.State = state;
+        this._stateStartedUtc = stateStartedUtc ?? this._stateStartedUtc;
         this._registeredGuilds.Clear();
         if (registeredGuilds is not null)
         {
-            this._registeredGuilds.AddRange(registeredGuilds);
+            foreach (var registration in registeredGuilds)
+            {
+                this._registeredGuilds[registration.Key] = registration.Value;
+            }
         }
 
         this._dirty = false;
@@ -317,79 +413,124 @@ public class CastleSiegeContext
         }
     }
 
+    /// <summary>Returns who is currently operating a Crown Switch, or <see langword="null"/>.</summary>
+    /// <param name="switchNumber">The Crown Switch NPC number (217 or 218).</param>
+    public CastleSiegeSwitchOperation? GetSwitchOperation(short switchNumber)
+        => this._switches.TryGetValue(switchNumber, out var operation) ? operation : null;
+
     /// <summary>
-    /// Sets which guild is currently standing on (holding) a Crown Switch. Called every tick by the plugin
-    /// based on player positions. Pass <c>null</c> when no registered member stands on it. No-op outside the siege.
+    /// Starts operating a Crown Switch for a player who clicked it. A switch can only be operated by one
+    /// player at a time: while somebody else is on it, the click is refused and the caller is told who holds
+    /// it, which is what the client shows as "another siege team is running the crown switch".
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="switchNumber">The Crown Switch NPC number (217 or 218).</param>
-    /// <param name="guildName">The holding guild's name, or null.</param>
-    public void SetSwitchHolder(short switchNumber, string? guildName)
+    /// <param name="guildId">The clicking player's guild identifier.</param>
+    /// <param name="guildName">The clicking player's guild name, for display.</param>
+    /// <param name="playerId">The clicking player's object identifier on the map.</param>
+    /// <param name="playerName">The clicking player's name, for display.</param>
+    /// <param name="switchObjectId">The switch NPC's object identifier on the map.</param>
+    /// <param name="now">The current UTC time.</param>
+    /// <returns>The outcome, and the current operation when the switch is taken.</returns>
+    public (CastleSiegeSwitchPush Result, CastleSiegeSwitchOperation? Operation) TryStartSwitchOperation(
+        short switchNumber,
+        Guid guildId,
+        string guildName,
+        ushort playerId,
+        string playerName,
+        ushort switchObjectId,
+        DateTime now)
     {
-        if (this.Phase == CastleSiegePhase.Siege && this._switchHolders.ContainsKey(switchNumber))
+        if (!this.IsSiegeRunning || !this._switches.ContainsKey(switchNumber))
         {
-            this._switchHolders[switchNumber] = guildName;
+            return (CastleSiegeSwitchPush.SiegeNotRunning, null);
         }
+
+        if (this._switches[switchNumber] is { } current)
+        {
+            return current.PlayerId == playerId
+                ? (CastleSiegeSwitchPush.AlreadyYours, current)
+                : (CastleSiegeSwitchPush.TakenByOther, current);
+        }
+
+        var operation = new CastleSiegeSwitchOperation(guildId, guildName, playerId, playerName, switchObjectId, now);
+        this._switches[switchNumber] = operation;
+        return (CastleSiegeSwitchPush.Started, operation);
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Attempts to capture the throne for a guild (called when a member registers at the Sinior/Crown NPC).
-    /// Succeeds only during the siege when the throne is free, all castle defenses are destroyed, and the
-    /// guild is currently holding BOTH Crown Switches (a member standing on each).
+    /// Advances one Crown Switch. The operation is dropped as soon as its player is gone from the switch's
+    /// area, and completes - which makes the switch count for the guild - once it ran <paramref name="pushDuration"/>.
     /// </summary>
-    /// <param name="guildName">The capturing guild's name.</param>
-    /// <returns>Whether it succeeded and a human-readable reason/result message.</returns>
-    public (bool Success, string Reason) TryCaptureThrone(string guildName)
+    /// <param name="switchNumber">The Crown Switch NPC number (217 or 218).</param>
+    /// <param name="operatorPresent">Whether the operating player is still in the switch's area.</param>
+    /// <param name="now">The current UTC time.</param>
+    /// <param name="pushDuration">How long operating the switch takes.</param>
+    /// <returns>What happened to the switch in this tick, and the operation it happened to.</returns>
+    public (CastleSiegeSwitchEvent Event, CastleSiegeSwitchOperation? Operation) TickSwitch(
+        short switchNumber,
+        bool operatorPresent,
+        DateTime now,
+        TimeSpan pushDuration)
     {
-        if (this.Phase != CastleSiegePhase.Siege)
+        if (!this._switches.TryGetValue(switchNumber, out var operation) || operation is null)
         {
-            return (false, "The siege is not running.");
+            return (CastleSiegeSwitchEvent.None, null);
         }
 
-        if (this._occupier is not null)
+        if (!this.IsSiegeRunning || !operatorPresent)
         {
-            return (false, this._occupier == guildName
-                ? "Your guild already holds the throne."
-                : $"The throne is already held by '{this._occupier}'.");
+            this._switches[switchNumber] = null;
+            return (CastleSiegeSwitchEvent.Released, operation);
         }
 
-        if (this._defensesRemaining > 0)
+        if (!operation.IsHeld && now - operation.StartedUtc >= pushDuration)
         {
-            return (false, $"Destroy the castle defenses first ({this._defensesRemaining} remaining).");
+            operation.MarkHeld();
+            return (CastleSiegeSwitchEvent.Held, operation);
         }
 
-        if (this._switchHolders[217] != guildName || this._switchHolders[218] != guildName)
-        {
-            return (false, "Your guild must be holding BOTH Crown Switches at once (stand a member on each).");
-        }
-
-        this._occupier = guildName;
-        return (true, "throne captured");
+        return (CastleSiegeSwitchEvent.None, operation);
     }
 
     /// <summary>Returns a human-readable status summary for admin display.</summary>
     public string GetStatusText()
-        => $"CS phase={this.Phase}, owner={this.OwnerGuildName ?? "(none)"}, "
-           + $"registered={this._registeredGuilds.Count} [{string.Join(", ", this._registeredGuilds)}], "
-           + $"defenses={this._defensesRemaining}, throne={this._occupier ?? "(none)"}, "
-           + $"switch217={this._switchHolders[217] ?? "-"}, switch218={this._switchHolders[218] ?? "-"}";
+        => $"CS state={this.State}({(int)this.State}), owner={this.OwnerGuildName ?? "(none)"}, "
+           + $"registered={this._registeredGuilds.Count} [{string.Join(", ", this._registeredGuilds.Values)}], "
+           + $"defenses={this._defensesRemaining}, throne={this._occupierName ?? "(none)"}, "
+           + $"switch217={this.DescribeSwitch(217)}, switch218={this.DescribeSwitch(218)}";
+
+    private Guid? GetHeldSwitchGuild(short switchNumber)
+        => this._switches[switchNumber] is { IsHeld: true } operation ? operation.GuildId : null;
+
+    private string DescribeSwitch(short switchNumber)
+        => this._switches[switchNumber] is { } operation
+            ? $"{operation.GuildName}/{operation.PlayerName}{(operation.IsHeld ? string.Empty : " (pushing)")}"
+            : "-";
+
+    private void ResetCrownHold()
+    {
+        this._crownHoldGuild = null;
+        this._crownHoldStartUtc = null;
+        this._crownHoldRequestedBy = null;
+    }
 
     private void ClearBattleState()
     {
-        this._switchHolders[217] = null;
-        this._switchHolders[218] = null;
+        this._switches[217] = null;
+        this._switches[218] = null;
         this._defensesRemaining = 0;
         this._occupier = null;
-        this._crownHoldGuild = null;
-        this._crownHoldStartUtc = null;
+        this._occupierName = null;
+        this.ResetCrownHold();
         this._lastShieldDown = false;
     }
 
-    private ValueTask TransitionAsync(CastleSiegePhase phase, DateTime now)
+    private ValueTask TransitionAsync(CastleSiegeState state, DateTime now)
     {
-        this.Phase = phase;
-        this._phaseStartedUtc = now;
+        this.State = state;
+        this._stateStartedUtc = now;
         this._dirty = true;
-        this.PhaseChanged?.Invoke(phase);
+        this.StateChanged?.Invoke(state);
         return ValueTask.CompletedTask;
     }
 }
@@ -414,5 +555,6 @@ public enum CrownEvent
 /// <param name="ShieldDown">Whether the crown shield is currently down (both switches held, defenses cleared).</param>
 /// <param name="ShieldChanged">Whether the shield state changed this tick (only then should the client be told).</param>
 /// <param name="Event">The event that occurred this tick.</param>
-/// <param name="Guild">The guild the event refers to, if any.</param>
-public readonly record struct CrownTickResult(bool ShieldDown, bool ShieldChanged, CrownEvent Event, string? Guild);
+/// <param name="GuildId">The guild the event refers to, if any.</param>
+/// <param name="GuildName">That guild's name, for display and client packets.</param>
+public readonly record struct CrownTickResult(bool ShieldDown, bool ShieldChanged, CrownEvent Event, Guid? GuildId, string? GuildName);

src/GameLogic/CastleSiege/CastleSiegeGuardsmanTalkPlugIn.cs

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ public class CastleSiegeGuardsmanTalkPlugIn : IPlayerTalkToNpcPlugIn
             return;
         }
 
-        if (context.Phase != CastleSiegePhase.Registration)
+        if (context.State != CastleSiegeState.RegisterGuild)
         {
             await ShowAsync(player, "Castle Siege registration is not open right now.").ConfigureAwait(false);
             return;
@@ -61,17 +61,15 @@ public class CastleSiegeGuardsmanTalkPlugIn : IPlayerTalkToNpcPlugIn
             return;
         }
 
-        var guildName = guildStatus.GuildId.ToString();
-        if (player.GameContext is IGameServerContext serverContext)
+        // Registrations are keyed on the guild's persistent id, so a later rename cannot detach them.
+        if (await CastleSiegeEventPlugIn.GetPersistentGuildAsync(player).ConfigureAwait(false) is not { } guild)
         {
-            var guild = await serverContext.GuildServer.GetGuildAsync(guildStatus.GuildId).ConfigureAwait(false);
-            if (guild?.Name is { Length: > 0 } name)
-            {
-                guildName = name;
-            }
+            await ShowAsync(player, "Your guild could not be resolved. Please try again in a moment.").ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return;
         }
 
-        if (context.RegisteredGuilds.Contains(guildName))
+        var guildName = guild.Name;
+        if (context.IsRegistered(guild.Id))
         {
             await ShowAsync(player, $"Your guild '{guildName}' is already registered for the Castle Siege.").ConfigureAwait(false);
             return;
@@ -84,7 +82,7 @@ public class CastleSiegeGuardsmanTalkPlugIn : IPlayerTalkToNpcPlugIn
             return;
         }
 
-        context.RegisterGuild(guildName);
+        context.RegisterGuild(guild.Id, guildName);
         await ShowAsync(player, fee > 0
             ? $"Your guild '{guildName}' is registered for the Castle Siege. ({fee} zen paid)"
             : $"Your guild '{guildName}' is registered for the Castle Siege.").ConfigureAwait(false);

src/GameLogic/CastleSiege/CastleSiegePhase.cs

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-// <copyright file="CastleSiegePhase.cs" company="MUnique">
-// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
-// </copyright>
-
-namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.CastleSiege;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// The phases of a Castle Siege cycle.
-/// </summary>
-public enum CastleSiegePhase
-{
-    /// <summary>Resting phase: castle is (un)owned, waiting for the next registration window.</summary>
-    Ownership,
-
-    /// <summary>Guilds can register to attack.</summary>
-    Registration,
-
-    /// <summary>Registration closed; defenders prepare before the siege starts.</summary>
-    Preparation,
-
-    /// <summary>The siege battle is running.</summary>
-    Siege,
-
-    /// <summary>Siege ended; determining the new owner.</summary>
-    Settlement,
-}

src/GameLogic/CastleSiege/CastleSiegeSettings.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// <copyright file="CastleSiegeConfiguration.cs" company="MUnique">
+// <copyright file="CastleSiegeSettings.cs" company="MUnique">
 // Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
 // </copyright>
 
@@ -7,15 +7,31 @@ namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.CastleSiege;
 using System.ComponentModel;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Configuration;
 
 /// <summary>
-/// Configuration for the Castle Siege cycle. Rides on the plugin custom-configuration system (no dedicated
-/// database table). A cycle runs: Ownership -> Registration -> Preparation -> Siege(war) -> Settlement, and
-/// auto-starts when the current day/time matches <see cref="OpenDays"/> + <see cref="RegistrationOpenTimes"/>.
-/// The AdminPanel-friendly properties (OpenDays checkboxes, minute/second durations) are proxies over the
-/// runtime fields, which are hidden from the editor to keep the form clean.
+/// AdaMu operational settings for the Castle Siege cycle. Rides on the plugin custom-configuration system, so
+/// it is editable in the AdminPanel and needs no dedicated database table.
+/// <para>
+/// This is deliberately separate from <see cref="DataModel.Configuration.CastleSiegeConfiguration"/>, which is
+/// the upstream, database-backed configuration holding the NPC/zone/upgrade definitions and the crown hold
+/// time. Keeping AdaMu's operational knobs out of that entity means upstream schema changes apply cleanly and
+/// no hand-editing of the generated persistence code is needed.
+/// </para>
+/// <para>
+/// What lives where:
+/// <list type="bullet">
+/// <item>Castle owner and guild registrations: database (<c>CastleSiegeData</c>, <c>CastleSiegeGuildRegistration</c>).</item>
+/// <item>NPC/zone/upgrade definitions and crown hold time: database (<c>GameConfiguration.CastleSiegeConfiguration</c>).</item>
+/// <item>Cycle durations, registration fee, designated server and the current state: here.</item>
+/// </list>
+/// </para>
+/// A cycle runs Idle1 -> RegisterGuild -> Ready -> Start -> End -> EndCycle -> Idle1, and auto-starts when the
+/// current day/time matches <see cref="OpenDays"/> + <see cref="RegistrationOpenTimes"/>.
+/// The AdminPanel-friendly properties (OpenDays checkboxes, minute durations) are proxies over the runtime
+/// fields, which are hidden from the editor to keep the form clean.
 /// </summary>
-public class CastleSiegeConfiguration
+public class CastleSiegeSettings
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets or sets the days of week on which registration auto-opens (UTC). None = every day (still needs a
@@ -42,7 +58,7 @@ public class CastleSiegeConfiguration
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets or sets the times of day (UTC) at which a new cycle opens registration.
-    /// Empty = no auto-start (admins start cycles manually via the chat command).
+    /// Empty = no auto-start (admins start cycles manually via the chat command or the AdminPanel).
     /// </summary>
     public IList<TimeOnly> RegistrationOpenTimes { get; set; } = new List<TimeOnly>();
 
@@ -70,17 +86,6 @@ public class CastleSiegeConfiguration
         set => this.SiegeDuration = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(Math.Max(1, value));
     }
 
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Gets or sets how long the guild master must hold the Crown to capture the throne, in seconds.
-    /// The client shows a 60-second countdown, so 60 matches the on-screen timer.
-    /// </summary>
-    [JsonIgnore]
-    public int CrownHoldSeconds
-    {
-        get => (int)this.CrownHoldDuration.TotalSeconds;
-        set => this.CrownHoldDuration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(Math.Max(1, value));
-    }
-
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets or sets the registration fee (in zen) a guild master must pay to register the guild
     /// for the siege. 0 disables the fee.
@@ -112,29 +117,23 @@ public class CastleSiegeConfiguration
     [Browsable(false)]
     public TimeSpan SiegeDuration { get; set; } = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10);
 
-    /// <summary>Gets or sets how long the guild master must hold the Crown to capture the throne.</summary>
-    [Browsable(false)]
-    public TimeSpan CrownHoldDuration { get; set; } = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(60);
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets how many seconds a player has to operate a Crown Switch before it counts for their guild.
+    /// The player has to stay in the switch's area for that long, and keeps it until they leave.
+    /// </summary>
+    public int SwitchPushSeconds { get; set; } = 15;
 
-    // --- Persisted runtime state (hidden from the AdminPanel) ---
-    // These ride on the plugin's custom-configuration JSON (stored in PostgreSQL), so the castle owner and the
-    // current cycle survive server restarts. Written by CastleSiegeEventPlugIn; restored on startup.
+    // --- Persisted cycle bookkeeping (hidden from the AdminPanel) ---
+    // Only the CURRENT state and when it started ride on the plugin's custom-configuration JSON. The castle
+    // owner and the guild registrations live in real database tables, so they are not duplicated here.
 
-    /// <summary>Gets or sets the persisted castle owner guild name (null = unowned).</summary>
+    /// <summary>Gets or sets the persisted current state, so the cycle resumes after a restart.</summary>
     [Browsable(false)]
-    public string? PersistedOwnerGuildName { get; set; }
+    public CastleSiegeState PersistedState { get; set; } = CastleSiegeState.Idle1;
 
-    /// <summary>Gets or sets the persisted current phase, so the cycle resumes after a restart.</summary>
+    /// <summary>Gets or sets when the persisted state started (UTC), or null if never persisted.</summary>
     [Browsable(false)]
-    public CastleSiegePhase PersistedPhase { get; set; } = CastleSiegePhase.Ownership;
-
-    /// <summary>Gets or sets when the persisted phase started (UTC), or null if never persisted.</summary>
-    [Browsable(false)]
-    public DateTime? PersistedPhaseStartedUtc { get; set; }
-
-    /// <summary>Gets or sets the persisted registered guild names for the current cycle.</summary>
-    [Browsable(false)]
-    public IList<string> PersistedRegisteredGuilds { get; set; } = new List<string>();
+    public DateTime? PersistedStateStartedUtc { get; set; }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Returns true if <paramref name="now"/> (UTC) matches a scheduled registration-open day and falls

src/GameLogic/CastleSiege/CastleSiegeSwitchEvent.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// <copyright file="CastleSiegeSwitchEvent.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.CastleSiege;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// What happened to a Crown Switch during one tick.
+/// </summary>
+public enum CastleSiegeSwitchEvent
+{
+    /// <summary>Nothing worth reporting.</summary>
+    None,
+
+    /// <summary>The operation completed, so the switch now counts for the operator's guild.</summary>
+    Held,
+
+    /// <summary>The operator left (or the siege ended), so the switch is free again.</summary>
+    Released,
+}

src/GameLogic/CastleSiege/CastleSiegeSwitchOperation.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// <copyright file="CastleSiegeSwitchOperation.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.CastleSiege;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// One player operating one Crown Switch. The player starts it by clicking the switch and keeps it by
+/// staying in its area; the switch counts as held for the guild once the operation has run its time.
+/// </summary>
+public class CastleSiegeSwitchOperation
+{
+    /// <summary>Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="CastleSiegeSwitchOperation"/> class.</summary>
+    /// <param name="guildId">The operating player's guild identifier.</param>
+    /// <param name="guildName">The operating player's guild name, for display.</param>
+    /// <param name="playerId">The operating player's object identifier on the map.</param>
+    /// <param name="playerName">The operating player's name, for display.</param>
+    /// <param name="switchObjectId">The switch NPC's object identifier on the map.</param>
+    /// <param name="startedUtc">When the operation started (UTC).</param>
+    public CastleSiegeSwitchOperation(Guid guildId, string guildName, ushort playerId, string playerName, ushort switchObjectId, DateTime startedUtc)
+    {
+        this.GuildId = guildId;
+        this.GuildName = guildName;
+        this.PlayerId = playerId;
+        this.PlayerName = playerName;
+        this.SwitchObjectId = switchObjectId;
+        this.StartedUtc = startedUtc;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Gets the operating player's guild identifier.</summary>
+    public Guid GuildId { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>Gets the operating player's guild name.</summary>
+    public string GuildName { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>Gets the operating player's object identifier on the map.</summary>
+    public ushort PlayerId { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>Gets the operating player's name.</summary>
+    public string PlayerName { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>Gets the switch NPC's object identifier on the map, which the client's packets refer to.</summary>
+    public ushort SwitchObjectId { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>Gets the point in time (UTC) when the operation started.</summary>
+    public DateTime StartedUtc { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets a value indicating whether the operation ran its time, so the switch counts for the guild.
+    /// </summary>
+    public bool IsHeld { get; private set; }
+
+    /// <summary>Marks the operation as completed, which makes the switch count for the guild.</summary>
+    internal void MarkHeld() => this.IsHeld = true;
+}

src/GameLogic/CastleSiege/CastleSiegeSwitchPush.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// <copyright file="CastleSiegeSwitchPush.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.CastleSiege;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// The outcome of a player clicking a Crown Switch.
+/// </summary>
+public enum CastleSiegeSwitchPush
+{
+    /// <summary>The player started operating the switch.</summary>
+    Started,
+
+    /// <summary>The player is already operating this switch.</summary>
+    AlreadyYours,
+
+    /// <summary>Somebody else is operating this switch.</summary>
+    TakenByOther,
+
+    /// <summary>The siege is not running, so the switches do nothing.</summary>
+    SiegeNotRunning,
+}

src/GameLogic/CastleSiege/CastleSiegeSwitchTalkPlugIn.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+// <copyright file="CastleSiegeSwitchTalkPlugIn.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.CastleSiege;
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.NPC;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlugIns;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlugIns.PeriodicTasks;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Views;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Views.CastleSiege;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.Interfaces;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.PlugIns;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handles clicking a Crown Switch (NPC 217 / 218) on Valley of Loren. The click starts operating the
+/// switch, which the client shows as a progress box; the switch counts for the guild once the operation
+/// ran its time and stays theirs until the operating player leaves the switch's area. Only one player can
+/// operate a switch at a time - anybody else clicking it is told that another team is on it.
+/// </summary>
+[Guid("CA5710A0-7A1B-4C2D-8E3F-000000000217")]
+[PlugIn]
+[Display(Name = "Castle Siege Crown Switch", Description = "Operates a Crown Switch (NPC 217/218) during the Castle Siege.")]
+public class CastleSiegeSwitchTalkPlugIn : IPlayerTalkToNpcPlugIn
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public async ValueTask PlayerTalksToNpcAsync(Player player, NonPlayerCharacter npc, NpcTalkEventArgs eventArgs)
+    {
+        if (!CastleSiegeContext.SwitchNumbers.Contains(npc.Definition.Number))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // We drive the switch ourselves, so suppress the default "not implemented" message.
+        eventArgs.HasBeenHandled = true;
+
+        var context = CastleSiegeEventPlugIn.TryGetContext(player.GameContext);
+        if (context is null)
+        {
+            await ShowAsync(player, "Castle Siege is not active on this server.").ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!context.IsSiegeRunning)
+        {
+            await ShowAsync(player, "The Crown Switches only work while the siege is running.").ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (await CastleSiegeEventPlugIn.GetPersistentGuildAsync(player).ConfigureAwait(false) is not { } guild
+            || !context.IsRegistered(guild.Id))
+        {
+            await ShowAsync(player, "Only members of a registered guild can operate the Crown Switches.").ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var (result, operation) = context.TryStartSwitchOperation(
+            npc.Definition.Number,
+            guild.Id,
+            guild.Name,
+            player.Id,
+            player.Name,
+            npc.Id,
+            DateTime.UtcNow);
+
+        switch (result)
+        {
+            case CastleSiegeSwitchPush.Started:
+                // The info packet goes first: it is what makes every client allocate its switch table, which
+                // the "switch released" packet later reads without checking that it exists.
+                await CastleSiegeEventPlugIn.BroadcastSwitchInfoAsync(player.GameContext, npc.Id, operation).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                await player.InvokeViewPlugInAsync<ICastleSiegeStatusViewPlugIn>(p => p.SetCrownSwitchStateAsync(npc.Id, player.Id, 1)).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                break;
+
+            case CastleSiegeSwitchPush.TakenByOther when operation is { } other:
+                // State 2 makes the client name the player who is already on it.
+                await player.InvokeViewPlugInAsync<ICastleSiegeStatusViewPlugIn>(p => p.SetCrownSwitchStateAsync(npc.Id, other.PlayerId, 2)).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                break;
+
+            case CastleSiegeSwitchPush.AlreadyYours:
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                await ShowAsync(player, "The Crown Switches only work while the siege is running.").ConfigureAwait(false);
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static ValueTask ShowAsync(Player player, string text)
+        => player.InvokeViewPlugInAsync<IShowMessagePlugIn>(p => p.ShowMessageAsync(text, MessageType.BlueNormal));
+}

src/GameLogic/CastleSiege/CastleSiegeThroneCaptureTalkPlugIn.cs

@@ -43,56 +43,58 @@ public class CastleSiegeThroneCaptureTalkPlugIn : IPlayerTalkToNpcPlugIn
             return;
         }
 
-        if (player.GuildStatus is not { } guildStatus)
+        if (await CastleSiegeEventPlugIn.GetPersistentGuildAsync(player).ConfigureAwait(false) is not { } guild)
         {
             await ShowAsync(player, "Only members of a registered guild can take the throne.").ConfigureAwait(false);
             return;
         }
 
-        var guildName = guildStatus.GuildId.ToString();
-        if (player.GameContext is IGameServerContext serverContext)
-        {
-            var guild = await serverContext.GuildServer.GetGuildAsync(guildStatus.GuildId).ConfigureAwait(false);
-            if (guild?.Name is { Length: > 0 } name)
-            {
-                guildName = name;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (!context.RegisteredGuilds.Contains(guildName))
+        if (!context.IsRegistered(guild.Id))
         {
             await ShowAsync(player, "Your guild is not registered for this Castle Siege.").ConfigureAwait(false);
             return;
         }
 
-        // The throne is taken by holding the Crown, not by talking here — give guidance based on the state.
-        await ShowAsync(player, DescribeThroneStep(context, guildName)).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        // Clicking the Crown as the guild master is what arms the capture: the hold then runs while they
+        // stay on it. Anybody else (or a master who isn't entitled yet) just gets told what is missing.
+        var isGuildMaster = player.GuildStatus?.Position == GuildPosition.GuildMaster;
+        if (isGuildMaster && context.RequestCrownHold(guild.Id))
+        {
+            await ShowAsync(player, "Hold the Crown - do not step away until the seal is registered!").ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return;
         }
 
-    private static string DescribeThroneStep(CastleSiegeContext context, string guildName)
+        await ShowAsync(player, DescribeThroneStep(context, guild.Id, isGuildMaster)).ConfigureAwait(false);
+    }
+
+    private static string DescribeThroneStep(CastleSiegeContext context, Guid guildId, bool isGuildMaster)
     {
-        if (context.Phase != CastleSiegePhase.Siege)
+        if (!context.IsSiegeRunning)
         {
             return "The siege is not running yet.";
         }
 
-        if (context.DefensesRemaining > 0)
-        {
-            return $"Destroy all castle gates first ({context.DefensesRemaining} remaining), then hold both Crown Switches.";
-        }
-
         var eligible = context.GetShieldEligibleGuild();
         if (eligible is null)
         {
-            return "All gates are down! Hold BOTH Crown Switches with your guild — the Crown's shield will drop.";
+            return context.DefensesRemaining > 0
+                ? $"Hold BOTH Crown Switches with your guild to drop the Crown's shield ({context.DefensesRemaining} castle defenses still standing)."
+                : "Hold BOTH Crown Switches with your guild - the Crown's shield will drop.";
         }
 
-        if (eligible == guildName)
+        if (eligible != guildId)
         {
-            return "Your guild holds both switches and the shield is down — send your GUILD MASTER to hold the Crown to take the throne!";
+            return "Another guild is holding both switches. Take a switch back to raise their shield.";
         }
 
-        return $"Guild '{eligible}' is holding both switches. Take a switch back to raise their shield.";
+        if (context.OccupierGuildId == guildId)
+        {
+            return "Your guild already holds the throne - keep it until the siege ends.";
+        }
+
+        return isGuildMaster
+            ? "Your guild holds both switches, but the Crown cannot be registered right now."
+            : "Your guild holds both switches and the shield is down - your GUILD MASTER has to click the Crown!";
     }
 
     private static ValueTask ShowAsync(Player player, string text)

src/GameLogic/DroppedMoney.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic;
 
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Threading;
-using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Attributes;
 using MUnique.OpenMU.Pathfinding;
 using Nito.AsyncEx;
 
@@ -20,6 +19,8 @@ public sealed class DroppedMoney : AsyncDisposable, ILocateable
     /// </summary>
     private readonly AsyncLock _pickupLock;
 
+    private readonly IReadOnlyList<MoneyShare> _shares;
+
     private Timer? _removeTimer;
 
     private bool _availableToPick = true;
@@ -30,9 +31,14 @@ public sealed class DroppedMoney : AsyncDisposable, ILocateable
     /// <param name="amount">The amount.</param>
     /// <param name="position">The position where the item was dropped on the map.</param>
     /// <param name="map">The map.</param>
-    public DroppedMoney(uint amount, Point position, GameMap map)
+    /// <param name="shares">
+    /// The part of the money which is reserved for each player, matching the experience they gained from the kill.
+    /// When it's empty - for example for money from an item box - the money is split equally instead.
+    /// </param>
+    public DroppedMoney(uint amount, Point position, GameMap map, IReadOnlyList<MoneyShare>? shares = null)
     {
         this.Amount = amount;
+        this._shares = shares ?? [];
         this._pickupLock = new();
         this.Position = position;
         this.CurrentMap = map;
@@ -80,52 +86,17 @@ public sealed class DroppedMoney : AsyncDisposable, ILocateable
             this._availableToPick = false;
         }
 
-        if (player.Party is { } party)
+        if (!this.TryGiveMoneyTo(player))
         {
-            var partyMembers = party.PartyList
-                .OfType<Player>()
-                .Where(p => p.CurrentMap == player.CurrentMap && !p.IsAtSafezone() && p.Attributes is { })
-                .ToList();
-
-            if (partyMembers.Count > 0)
+            // Nobody got the money, so the drop is released again. Keeping it claimed would leave it
+            // lying on the map, unpickable for everyone until it expires - and then lost.
+            using (await this._pickupLock.LockAsync())
             {
-                var share = (int)(this.Amount / partyMembers.Count);
-                foreach (var member in partyMembers)
-                {
-                    member.TryAddMoney((int)(share * member.Attributes![Stats.MoneyAmountRate]));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            var clampMoneyOnPickup = player.GameContext?.Configuration?.ClampMoneyOnPickup ?? false;
-            if (clampMoneyOnPickup)
-            {
-                var maxMoney = player.GameContext?.Configuration?.MaximumInventoryMoney ?? int.MaxValue;
-                var currentMoney = player.Money;
-                var amountToAdd = (int)Math.Min(this.Amount, (uint)Math.Max(0, maxMoney - currentMoney));
-
-                if (amountToAdd <= 0)
-                {
-                    player.Logger.LogDebug("Player is at maximum money limit, Player {0}, Money {1}", player, this);
-                    return false;
+                this._availableToPick = true;
             }
 
-                if (!player.TryAddMoney(amountToAdd))
-                {
-                    player.Logger.LogDebug("Money could not be added to the inventory, Player {0}, Money {1}", player, this);
             return false;
         }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if (!player.TryAddMoney((int)this.Amount))
-                {
-                    player.Logger.LogDebug("Money could not be added to the inventory, Player {0}, Money {1}", player, this);
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-        }
 
         await this.DisposeAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
 
@@ -158,6 +129,43 @@ public sealed class DroppedMoney : AsyncDisposable, ILocateable
         await base.DisposeAsyncCore().ConfigureAwait(false);
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tries to hand the money over to the player, or to its party. Returns <c>false</c> if it could not be
+    /// given to anyone, e.g. because the receiver is already at the maximum inventory money.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The player which picks the money up.</param>
+    /// <returns><c>True</c>, if at least one player received money; Otherwise, <c>false</c>.</returns>
+    private bool TryGiveMoneyTo(Player player)
+    {
+        if (player.Party is not { } party)
+        {
+            if (!MoneyDistribution.TryPay(player, this.Amount))
+            {
+                player.Logger.LogDebug("Money could not be added to the inventory, Player {0}, Money {1}", player, this);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Money has no owner - it can always be picked up, by strangers too. The recorded shares
+        // only apply when the party which picks it up is the one which earned it; then the money
+        // follows the experience. For anyone else there is no experience to follow, so it is split
+        // equally between the picking party, just like money without any shares (e.g. an item box).
+        var earnedByThisParty = this._shares.Any(share => party.IsEligibleForMoney(share.Player, player));
+        var shares = earnedByThisParty
+            ? this._shares
+            : MoneyDistribution.CreateEqualShares(this.Amount, party.PartyList.OfType<Player>().ToList());
+
+        var received = MoneyDistribution.TryPayShares(shares, member => party.IsEligibleForMoney(member, player));
+        if (!received)
+        {
+            player.Logger.LogDebug("No party member could take the money, Player {0}, Money {1}", player, this);
+        }
+
+        return received;
+    }
+
     [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Usage", "VSTHRD100:Avoid async void methods", Justification = "Catching all Exceptions.")]
     private async void OnTimerTimeout(object? state)
     {

src/GameLogic/ExperienceShare.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// <copyright file="ExperienceShare.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// The experience which a single player gained from a kill.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="Player">The player which gained the experience.</param>
+/// <param name="Experience">The gained experience, with all experience rates already applied.</param>
+public readonly record struct ExperienceShare(Player Player, int Experience);

src/GameLogic/GameContext.cs

@@ -284,6 +284,9 @@ public class GameContext : AsyncDisposable, IGameContext
                 case MiniGameType.BloodCastle:
                     miniGameContext = new BloodCastleContext(miniGameKey, miniGameDefinition, this, this._mapInitializer);
                     break;
+                case MiniGameType.HeykelSavasi:
+                    miniGameContext = new HeykelSavasiContext(miniGameKey, miniGameDefinition, this, this._mapInitializer);
+                    break;
                 default:
                     miniGameContext = new MiniGameContext(miniGameKey, miniGameDefinition, this, this._mapInitializer);
                     break;
@@ -301,6 +304,23 @@ public class GameContext : AsyncDisposable, IGameContext
         return miniGameContext;
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the currently open <see cref="MiniGames.HeykelSavasiContext"/> instance, if any.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>The open Heykel Savasi context, or <see langword="null" /> if none is currently open.</returns>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// ADAMU-CUSTOM: used by <see cref="PlugIns.HeykelSavasiNpcPlugin"/> to look up the event context
+    /// when a player talks to NPC 560. Mutations of <see cref="_miniGames"/> (<see cref="GetMiniGameAsync"/>,
+    /// <see cref="RemoveMiniGameAsync"/>) are synchronized via <see cref="_mapInitializerLock"/>, so this
+    /// read takes the same lock and snapshots the values before searching.
+    /// </remarks>
+    public async ValueTask<MiniGames.HeykelSavasiContext?> GetOpenHeykelSavasiAsync()
+    {
+        using var l = await this._mapInitializerLock.LockAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+        return this._miniGames.Values.OfType<MiniGames.HeykelSavasiContext>()
+            .FirstOrDefault(g => g.State == MiniGameState.Open);
+    }
+
     /// <inheritdoc />
     public async ValueTask RemoveMiniGameAsync(MiniGameContext miniGameContext)
     {

src/GameLogic/GameMap.cs

@@ -131,6 +131,17 @@ public class GameMap
         return this._areaOfInterestManager.GetInRange(point, range).OfType<IAttackable>().ToList();
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets all non-player characters (e.g. merchants) within the specified range of a point.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="point">The coordinates.</param>
+    /// <param name="range">The range.</param>
+    /// <returns>The non-player characters in range of the specified coordinate.</returns>
+    public IList<NonPlayerCharacter> GetNpcsInRange(Point point, int range)
+    {
+        return this._areaOfInterestManager.GetInRange(point, range).OfType<NonPlayerCharacter>().ToList();
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets all dropped items and money within the specified range of a point.
     /// </summary>

src/GameLogic/IHasIpAddress.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// <copyright file="IHasIpAddress.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Interface for objects that expose a remote IP address.
+/// </summary>
+public interface IHasIpAddress
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the IP address of the remote connection.
+    /// </summary>
+    string? IpAddress { get; }
+}

src/GameLogic/ItemExtensions.cs

@@ -137,6 +137,37 @@ public static class ItemExtensions
         return item.Definition?.Group == ShieldItemGroup;
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether equipping an item of this definition into the given hand slot would conflict
+    /// with what the other hand already holds: a two-handed item needs the other hand free (ammunition
+    /// aside), and nothing but ammunition fits next to an already equipped two-handed item.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="itemDefinition">The definition of the item which would be equipped.</param>
+    /// <param name="inventory">The inventory to check the other hand in.</param>
+    /// <param name="toSlot">The hand slot the item would be equipped into.</param>
+    /// <returns><c>true</c> if the other hand blocks this item; otherwise, <c>false</c>.</returns>
+    public static bool ConflictsWithEquippedHands(this ItemDefinition itemDefinition, IStorage inventory, byte toSlot)
+    {
+        if (itemDefinition.ItemSlot is null)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        static bool IsOneHandedOrShield(ItemDefinition definition) =>
+            (definition.ItemSlot!.ItemSlots.Contains(InventoryConstants.RightHandSlot) && definition.ItemSlot.ItemSlots.Contains(InventoryConstants.LeftHandSlot))
+            || definition.Group == ShieldItemGroup;
+
+        var rightHandItemDefinition = inventory.GetItem(InventoryConstants.RightHandSlot)?.Definition;
+
+        return (toSlot == InventoryConstants.LeftHandSlot
+                && itemDefinition.Width >= 2
+                && rightHandItemDefinition is not null
+                && !rightHandItemDefinition.IsAmmunition)
+               || (toSlot == InventoryConstants.RightHandSlot
+                   && IsOneHandedOrShield(itemDefinition)
+                   && inventory.GetItem(InventoryConstants.LeftHandSlot)?.Definition?.Width >= 2);
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Determines whether this item is a jewelry (pendant or ring) item.
     /// </summary>

src/GameLogic/MiniGames/HeykelSavasiTeam.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// <copyright file="HeykelSavasiTeam.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.MiniGames;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// The team of a player participating in the Heykel Savasi event.
+/// </summary>
+public enum HeykelSavasiTeam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The player is not assigned to any team.
+    /// </summary>
+    None,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The red team.
+    /// </summary>
+    Red,
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The blue team.
+    /// </summary>
+    Blue,
+}

src/GameLogic/MoneyDistribution.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+// <copyright file="MoneyDistribution.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic;
+
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Attributes;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Splits a money drop between players and hands it over to them.
+/// </summary>
+/// <remarks>
+/// This is the single place where <see cref="Stats.MoneyAmountRate"/> and
+/// <see cref="DataModel.Configuration.GameConfiguration.ClampMoneyOnPickup"/> are applied, so that
+/// every path - dropped on the ground, added directly, solo or in a party - treats them the same way.
+/// </remarks>
+internal static class MoneyDistribution
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Splits the money proportionally to the experience each player gained from the kill.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="amount">The total amount of money to split.</param>
+    /// <param name="experienceShares">The experience gained per player.</param>
+    /// <returns>The part of the money which is reserved for each player.</returns>
+    public static IReadOnlyList<MoneyShare> CreateShares(uint amount, IReadOnlyList<ExperienceShare> experienceShares)
+    {
+        if (experienceShares.Count == 0)
+        {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        if (experienceShares.Count == 1)
+        {
+            return [new MoneyShare(experienceShares[0].Player, amount)];
+        }
+
+        var weights = new long[experienceShares.Count];
+        for (int i = 0; i < experienceShares.Count; i++)
+        {
+            weights[i] = experienceShares[i].Experience;
+        }
+
+        var parts = SplitByWeight(amount, weights);
+        var shares = new MoneyShare[experienceShares.Count];
+        for (int i = 0; i < experienceShares.Count; i++)
+        {
+            shares[i] = new MoneyShare(experienceShares[i].Player, parts[i]);
+        }
+
+        return shares;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Splits the money equally, which is used when no per player experience is known - for example
+    /// for the fixed money amount of an item box.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="amount">The total amount of money to split.</param>
+    /// <param name="players">The players to split it between.</param>
+    /// <returns>The part of the money which is reserved for each player.</returns>
+    public static IReadOnlyList<MoneyShare> CreateEqualShares(uint amount, IReadOnlyList<Player> players)
+    {
+        if (players.Count == 0)
+        {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        var parts = SplitByWeight(amount, new long[players.Count]);
+        var shares = new MoneyShare[players.Count];
+        for (int i = 0; i < players.Count; i++)
+        {
+            shares[i] = new MoneyShare(players[i], parts[i]);
+        }
+
+        return shares;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Hands the shares over to the players which are still eligible. The shares of players which
+    /// are not eligible anymore are re-distributed between the remaining ones.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="shares">The shares.</param>
+    /// <param name="isEligible">Determines whether a player may still receive their share.</param>
+    /// <returns><c>True</c>, if at least one player received money; Otherwise, <c>false</c>.</returns>
+    public static bool TryPayShares(IReadOnlyList<MoneyShare> shares, Func<Player, bool> isEligible)
+    {
+        var eligible = new List<MoneyShare>(shares.Count);
+        uint forfeited = 0;
+        foreach (var share in shares)
+        {
+            if (isEligible(share.Player))
+            {
+                eligible.Add(share);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                forfeited += share.Amount;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (eligible.Count == 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var extra = new uint[eligible.Count];
+        if (forfeited > 0)
+        {
+            var weights = new long[eligible.Count];
+            for (int i = 0; i < eligible.Count; i++)
+            {
+                weights[i] = eligible[i].Amount;
+            }
+
+            extra = SplitByWeight(forfeited, weights);
+        }
+
+        var received = false;
+        for (int i = 0; i < eligible.Count; i++)
+        {
+            received |= TryPay(eligible[i].Player, eligible[i].Amount + extra[i]);
+        }
+
+        return received;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Adds the money to the inventory of the player, applying their <see cref="Stats.MoneyAmountRate"/>
+    /// and the configured pick up clamp.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The player which should receive the money.</param>
+    /// <param name="amount">The amount, before the money rate of the player is applied.</param>
+    /// <returns><c>True</c>, if the player received money; Otherwise, <c>false</c>.</returns>
+    public static bool TryPay(Player player, uint amount)
+    {
+        if (amount == 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // The rate is applied in double precision: a float multiplication would round money amounts
+        // above the ~16.7M the float mantissa can represent exactly, before the cast to long.
+        var scaled = (long)(amount * (double)(player.Attributes?[Stats.MoneyAmountRate] ?? 1.0f));
+        if (scaled <= 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var amountToAdd = (int)Math.Min(scaled, int.MaxValue);
+        if (player.GameContext?.Configuration?.ClampMoneyOnPickup ?? false)
+        {
+            var maximumMoney = player.GameContext?.Configuration?.MaximumInventoryMoney ?? int.MaxValue;
+            amountToAdd = (int)Math.Min(amountToAdd, Math.Max(0, maximumMoney - player.Money));
+            if (amountToAdd <= 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return player.TryAddMoney(amountToAdd);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Splits an amount proportionally to the given weights. When all weights are zero, it's split equally.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static uint[] SplitByWeight(uint amount, IReadOnlyList<long> weights)
+    {
+        var result = new uint[weights.Count];
+        if (weights.Count == 0 || amount == 0)
+        {
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        long totalWeight = 0;
+        foreach (var weight in weights)
+        {
+            totalWeight += Math.Max(0, weight);
+        }
+
+        var remainders = new long[weights.Count];
+        uint distributed = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < weights.Count; i++)
+        {
+            if (totalWeight > 0)
+            {
+                var numerator = (long)amount * Math.Max(0, weights[i]);
+                result[i] = (uint)(numerator / totalWeight);
+                remainders[i] = numerator % totalWeight;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                result[i] = amount / (uint)weights.Count;
+                remainders[i] = 1;
+            }
+
+            distributed += result[i];
+        }
+
+        // The integer division loses up to one unit per share. Handing all of it to the same
+        // share would systematically favour one player over many kills, so the units go to the
+        // shares which were cut the most, one each (largest remainder method).
+        for (var rest = amount - distributed; rest > 0; rest--)
+        {
+            var pick = -1;
+            for (int i = 0; i < remainders.Length; i++)
+            {
+                if (remainders[i] > 0 && (pick < 0 || remainders[i] > remainders[pick]))
+                {
+                    pick = i;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (pick < 0)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            result[pick]++;
+            remainders[pick] = 0;
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+}

src/GameLogic/MoneyShare.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// <copyright file="MoneyShare.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// The part of a money drop which is reserved for a single player.
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="Player">The player for which the part is reserved.</param>
+/// <param name="Amount">The amount of money, before the <see cref="Attributes.Stats.MoneyAmountRate"/> of the player is applied.</param>
+public readonly record struct MoneyShare(Player Player, uint Amount);

src/GameLogic/MuHelper/IMuHelperSettings.cs

@@ -150,6 +150,50 @@ public interface IMuHelperSettings
     /// <summary>Gets a value indicating whether to automatically accept requests from guild.</summary>
     bool AutoAcceptGuild { get; }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets a value indicating whether to automatically accept party requests from anyone, not just
+    /// friends or guild mates. Defaults to <c>false</c>; used by server-side bots so they group up
+    /// with players who invite them (see <c>Bots.BotPartyHandler</c> for the applied safeguards).
+    /// </summary>
+    bool AutoAcceptAnyone => false;
+
     /// <summary>Gets a value indicating whether to use basic attack as fallback when the configured skill cannot be used.</summary>
     bool FallbackBasicAttack { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets a value indicating whether the combat AI should automatically cast the strongest learned
+    /// attack skill the character can currently afford, instead of relying on the explicitly configured
+    /// skill IDs. Used by server-side bots (which have no client-side MU Helper config) so they fight
+    /// with class- and level-appropriate skills; human offline sessions keep their explicit configuration.
+    /// </summary>
+    bool AutoSelectBestSkill { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets a value indicating whether the buff AI should automatically cast the learned buff skills
+    /// of the character, instead of relying on the explicitly configured buff slot IDs. Used by
+    /// server-side bots so each class keeps its own buffs up (e.g. elf Greater Defense/Greater Damage);
+    /// human offline sessions keep their explicit configuration.
+    /// </summary>
+    bool AutoSelectBuffs { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets a value indicating whether to drink a mana potion when mana runs low, so casters can keep
+    /// casting. There is no client-side MU Helper setting for this; it is used by server-side bots.
+    /// </summary>
+    bool UseManaPotion { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets a value indicating whether the combat AI only engages monsters the character can safely
+    /// handle (up to half its own level, like the bot navigator's hunting-ground selection). Without
+    /// this, a bot travelling through hostile territory would pick fights with monsters far above its
+    /// level and die. Human offline sessions keep the unrestricted behavior - the player chose the spot.
+    /// </summary>
+    bool OnlyHuntSafeMonsters { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets a value indicating whether to also pick up equippable items which are an upgrade over the
+    /// character's currently equipped gear (evaluated before pickup), so bots progress their equipment
+    /// like a real player without hoarding junk.
+    /// </summary>
+    bool PickUpgradeItems { get; }
 }

src/GameLogic/MuHelper/PartyRequestHandler.cs

@@ -38,6 +38,13 @@ public static class PartyRequestHandler
             return true;
         }
 
+        if (settings.AutoAcceptAnyone && await Bots.BotPartyHandler.TryScheduleAcceptAsync(receiver, requester).ConfigureAwait(false))
+        {
+            // The actual accept happens shortly afterwards in the bot's own tick (a human-like delay);
+            // all bot-specific safeguards live in the handler, so this stays a thin criteria branch.
+            return true;
+        }
+
         return false;
     }
 

src/GameLogic/NPC/AttackableNpcBase.cs

@@ -109,6 +109,15 @@ public abstract class AttackableNpcBase : NonPlayerCharacter, IAttackable
             return null;
         }
 
+        // ADAMU-CUSTOM: Heykel Savasi -> a statue is immune to damage from its own team (only the enemy may
+        // break it) AND while any of its 3 guard mobs are still alive (guards must be cleared first).
+        if (attacker is Player heykelStatueAttacker
+            && heykelStatueAttacker.CurrentMiniGame is MiniGames.HeykelSavasiContext heykelStatueGame
+            && heykelStatueGame.IsStatueAttackBlocked(this, heykelStatueAttacker))
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
         var hitInfo = await attacker.CalculateDamageAsync(this, skill, isCombo, damageFactor).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
         if (skill?.Skill is not { } attackSkill || attackSkill.DamageType != DamageType.Fenrir)
@@ -133,6 +142,13 @@ public abstract class AttackableNpcBase : NonPlayerCharacter, IAttackable
                 {
                     await player.ApplyMaceMasteryStunEffectAsync(this).ConfigureAwait(false);
                 }
+
+                // ADAMU-CUSTOM: TvT Event -> record per-character statue damage for the event scoreboard.
+                if (this.Definition.ObjectKind == NpcObjectKind.Destructible
+                    && player.CurrentMiniGame is MiniGames.HeykelSavasiContext heykelDamageGame)
+                {
+                    heykelDamageGame.RecordStatueDamage(player, this, (uint)hitInfo.HealthDamage);
+                }
             }
 
             if (attacker as IPlayerSurrogate is { } playerSurrogate)
@@ -307,7 +323,9 @@ public abstract class AttackableNpcBase : NonPlayerCharacter, IAttackable
         var player = this.GetHitNotificationTarget(attacker);
         if (player is { })
         {
-            int exp = await (player.Party?.DistributeExperienceAfterKillAsync(this, player) ?? player.AddExpAfterKillAsync(this)).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            var experienceShares = player.Party is { } party
+                ? await party.DistributeExperienceAfterKillAsync(this, player).ConfigureAwait(false)
+                : [new ExperienceShare(player, await player.AddExpAfterKillAsync(this).ConfigureAwait(false))];
             if (attacker == player)
             {
                 await player.AfterKilledMonsterAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
@@ -325,7 +343,7 @@ public abstract class AttackableNpcBase : NonPlayerCharacter, IAttackable
                     selectedCharacter.StateRemainingSeconds -= (int)this.Attributes[Stats.Level];
                 }
 
-                _ = this.DropItemDelayedAsync(player, exp); // don't wait for completion.
+                _ = this.DropItemDelayedAsync(player, experienceShares); // don't wait for completion.
             }
         }
     }
@@ -385,46 +403,44 @@ public abstract class AttackableNpcBase : NonPlayerCharacter, IAttackable
         }
     }
 
-    private async ValueTask HandleMoneyDropAsync(uint amount, Player killer)
+    private async ValueTask HandleMoneyDropAsync(uint amount, Player killer, IReadOnlyList<ExperienceShare> experienceShares)
     {
+        // Each player gets the part of the money which matches the experience they gained from the kill,
+        // so that money follows the same distribution as the experience it is derived from.
+        var shares = MoneyDistribution.CreateShares(amount, experienceShares);
+
         // We don't drop money in Devil Square, etc.
         var shouldDropMoney = killer.GameContext.Configuration.ShouldDropMoney && killer.CurrentMiniGame is null;
         if (!shouldDropMoney)
         {
-            var party = killer.Party;
-            if (party is null)
+            if (killer.Party is { } party)
             {
-                killer.TryAddMoney((int)amount);
+                await party.DistributeMoneyAfterKillAsync(this, killer, shares).ConfigureAwait(false);
             }
             else
             {
-                await party.DistributeMoneyAfterKillAsync(this, killer, amount).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                _ = MoneyDistribution.TryPay(killer, amount);
             }
 
             return;
         }
 
-        var droppedMoney = new DroppedMoney((uint)(amount * (killer.Attributes?[Stats.MoneyAmountRate] ?? 1.0f)), this.Position, this.CurrentMap);
+        var droppedMoney = new DroppedMoney(amount, this.Position, this.CurrentMap, shares);
         await this.CurrentMap.AddAsync(droppedMoney).ConfigureAwait(false);
     }
 
-    private async ValueTask DropItemAsync(int exp, Player killer)
+    private async ValueTask DropItemAsync(IReadOnlyList<ExperienceShare> experienceShares, Player killer)
     {
-        // When the killer is in a party, DistributeExperienceAfterKillAsync returns a
-        // total party experience that does NOT include game rate (ExperienceRate) or
-        // personal experience rate multipliers. Since the money drop amount is
-        // derived from this experience value, party money drops were dramatically
-        // lower than solo drops. We recalculate the experience for money purposes
-        // using the solo formula so money is consistent regardless of party state.
-        if (killer.Party is not null)
+        var exp = 0;
+        foreach (var share in experienceShares)
         {
-            exp = killer.CalculateExpAfterKill(this);
+            exp += share.Experience;
         }
 
         var (generatedItems, droppedMoney) = await this._dropGenerator.GenerateItemDropsAsync(this.Definition, exp, killer).ConfigureAwait(false);
         if (droppedMoney > 0)
         {
-            await this.HandleMoneyDropAsync(droppedMoney.Value, killer).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            await this.HandleMoneyDropAsync(droppedMoney.Value, killer, experienceShares).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
 
         var firstItem = !droppedMoney.HasValue;
@@ -447,12 +463,12 @@ public abstract class AttackableNpcBase : NonPlayerCharacter, IAttackable
         }
     }
 
-    private async ValueTask DropItemDelayedAsync(Player player, int gainedExp)
+    private async ValueTask DropItemDelayedAsync(Player player, IReadOnlyList<ExperienceShare> experienceShares)
     {
         try
         {
             await Task.Delay(1000).ConfigureAwait(false);
-            await this.DropItemAsync(gainedExp, player).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            await this.DropItemAsync(experienceShares, player).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {

src/GameLogic/Offline/BuffHandler.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Offline;
 
 using MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Entities;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
 using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.MuHelper;
 using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlayerActions.Skills;
 using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlugIns;
@@ -25,6 +26,8 @@ public sealed class BuffHandler
     private int _nextSlotIndex;
     private bool _buffTimerTriggered;
     private DateTime? _nextPeriodicBuffTime;
+    private IList<int>? _cachedAutoBuffIds;
+    private int _cachedAutoBuffSkillCount = -1;
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="BuffHandler"/> class.
@@ -38,7 +41,9 @@ public sealed class BuffHandler
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Gets the configured buff skill IDs from the settings.
+    /// Gets the configured buff skill IDs from the settings. With <see cref="IMuHelperSettings.AutoSelectBuffs"/>
+    /// enabled (server-side bots), the character's learned buff skills are used instead of the explicitly
+    /// configured slots, so each class keeps its own buffs up without any per-character configuration.
     /// </summary>
     public IList<int> ConfiguredBuffIds
     {
@@ -49,6 +54,34 @@ public sealed class BuffHandler
                 return [];
             }
 
+            if (this._config.AutoSelectBuffs && this._player.SkillList is { } skillList)
+            {
+                // The learned buffs only change when a new skill is learned, so the list is cached and
+                // only rebuilt when the skill count changes - building it fresh with LINQ on every
+                // 500ms tick of hundreds of bots was measurable CPU for no benefit.
+                var skillCount = skillList.Skills.Count();
+                if (this._cachedAutoBuffIds is null || skillCount != this._cachedAutoBuffSkillCount)
+                {
+                    var learnedBuffs = skillList.Skills
+                        .Where(s => s.Skill is { SkillType: SkillType.Buff, MagicEffectDef: not null })
+                        .Select(s => (int)s.Skill!.Number)
+                        .OrderBy(n => n)
+                        .Take(BuffSlotCount)
+                        .ToList();
+
+                    // Pad to the fixed slot count - the caller indexes all three slots; 0 means "slot empty".
+                    while (learnedBuffs.Count < BuffSlotCount)
+                    {
+                        learnedBuffs.Add(0);
+                    }
+
+                    this._cachedAutoBuffIds = learnedBuffs;
+                    this._cachedAutoBuffSkillCount = skillCount;
+                }
+
+                return this._cachedAutoBuffIds;
+            }
+
             return [this._config.BuffSkill0Id, this._config.BuffSkill1Id, this._config.BuffSkill2Id];
         }
     }
@@ -82,7 +115,8 @@ public sealed class BuffHandler
             }
 
             var skillEntry = this._player.SkillList?.GetSkill((ushort)buffId);
-            if (skillEntry?.Skill?.MagicEffectDef is null)
+            if (skillEntry?.Skill?.MagicEffectDef is null
+                || !this.CanCast(skillEntry.Skill))
             {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -100,6 +134,22 @@ public sealed class BuffHandler
         return true;
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Whether the character currently meets the skill's own requirements, and can therefore cast it
+    /// at all. A character keeps its skills across a reset but not the level which unlocked them, so a
+    /// veteran back at level 12 still owns Swell Life, which asks for level 120.
+    /// <para>
+    /// Skipping it here is what keeps the whole helper running. A buff which targets the party goes
+    /// through the skill plugin, which refuses an unmet requirement deep inside and silently - and this
+    /// handler reports it as applied regardless. The buff step then ends every tick believing it had
+    /// just buffed, so the steps behind it, picking up loot and attacking, never ran at all: the
+    /// character stood in the world doing nothing, for good.
+    /// </para>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="skill">The skill to cast.</param>
+    private bool CanCast(Skill skill)
+        => BotProgression.MeetsRequirements(skill, attribute => this._player.Attributes?[attribute]);
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Attempts to apply the buff to self and, if applicable, to party members.
     /// </summary>
@@ -246,8 +296,21 @@ public sealed class BuffHandler
             return false;
         }
 
-        return target.MagicEffectList.ActiveEffects.Values
-            .Any(e => e.Definition == effectDef);
+        try
+        {
+            // Eager snapshot, like the other readers of ActiveEffects (see MagicEffectsList): the
+            // list is mutated by the effect expiry timers, and a lazy enumeration from this
+            // (unsynchronized) helper tick raced them regularly at scale. A list shrinking in the
+            // middle of the copy can still leave null holes in the snapshot (hence the tolerant
+            // predicate) or throw out of the copy itself (hence the catch-all around this pure
+            // read) - any torn read simply counts as "active", and the next tick retries.
+            var activeEffects = target.MagicEffectList.ActiveEffects.Values.ToArray();
+            return activeEffects.Any(e => e?.Definition == effectDef);
+        }
+        catch (Exception)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
     }
 
     private void UpdatePeriodicBuffTimer()

src/GameLogic/Offline/CombatHandler.cs

@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@
 
 namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Offline;
 
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.AttributeSystem;
 using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Attributes;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Bots;
 using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.MuHelper;
 using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.NPC;
 using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlayerActions.Skills;
@@ -19,26 +22,107 @@ public sealed class CombatHandler
 {
     private const byte DefaultRange = 1;
     private const byte BowRange = 6;
+
+    /// <summary>Item group of the Horn of Fenrir, the pet behind <see cref="DamageType.Fenrir"/>.</summary>
+    private const byte FenrirItemGroup = 13;
+
+    /// <summary>Item number of the Horn of Fenrir within <see cref="FenrirItemGroup"/>.</summary>
+    private const short FenrirItemNumber = 37;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// See <see cref="IsSafeTarget"/>: the largest share of the bot's maximum health a single average
+    /// monster hit may take for the monster to count as safe. Sized so the bot survives several hits
+    /// even when a few monsters aggro at once, with the healing handler (potions at 60%) keeping up.
+    /// Tightened from 0.20 with the player-meta stat builds: their small health pools mean melee bots
+    /// (which stand inside the monster pack) need a bigger margin per hit to survive a swarm.
+    /// </summary>
+    private const float SafeHitHealthShare = 0.15f;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// See <see cref="IsSafeTarget"/>: the bot's attack power must exceed the monster's defense by this
+    /// factor. Without it a bot picks fights it can barely scratch - e.g. the Vulcanus tank monsters
+    /// (defense ~340, health ~100k) shrug off a modestly geared bot's hits, the "fight" lasts minutes,
+    /// and the accumulated damage kills the bot even though every single hit it takes looks survivable.
+    /// </summary>
+    private const float MinAttackAdvantage = 1.2f;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// See <see cref="IsSafeTarget"/>: the monster must die within this many net hits of the bot.
+    /// The per-hit checks alone let a fighter "safely" besiege a 100k-health tank monster for ten
+    /// minutes, until its potions ran dry and it died anyway - the fight length itself is the risk.
+    /// At the offline AI's attack pace this bounds a kill to roughly a minute or two.
+    /// </summary>
+    private const int MaxHitsToKill = 100;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// See <see cref="IsSafeTarget"/>: how much longer a mastered bot may take to kill a monster which
+    /// pays master experience. Master experience is only granted for monsters of at least
+    /// <c>GameConfiguration.MinimumMonsterLevelForMasterExperience</c>, and those hold 40.000+ health -
+    /// out of reach of the regular hit budget for a bot in the gear it collects from drops, which left
+    /// mastered bots hunting monsters that pay them nothing at all. Since a character at the maximum
+    /// level earns nothing else either, a long fight it survives beats a quick one worth zero: the
+    /// budget is stretched for those monsters only, while the survivability check below is NOT - a bot
+    /// still refuses a monster whose hits it cannot take.
+    /// </summary>
+    private const int MasterHitBudgetFactor = 3;
     private const int ComboFinisherDelayTicks = 3;
     private const int InterSkillDelayTicks = 1;
     private const int MinComboSkillCount = 3;
 
+    /// <summary>After this many consecutive failed approaches the target counts as unreachable.</summary>
+    private const int MaxApproachFailures = 3;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A skill scoring at least this share of the best score counts as equally good, and reach decides
+    /// between them. Deliberately narrow: it is meant to level out the flat bonus of comparable spells,
+    /// not to trade away a skill which is genuinely stronger.
+    /// </summary>
+    private const float EquivalentSkillScoreShare = 0.9f;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// How many monsters an area skill is credited with at most. A pack does make one worth more than a
+    /// single-target skill, but not without bound - the extra targets are usually spread over the area,
+    /// and not all of them are actually caught.
+    /// </summary>
+    private const int MaxScoredAreaTargets = 5;
+
+    /// <summary>The distance around the current target within which monsters count as one pack.</summary>
+    private const int AreaSkillClusterRange = 3;
+
     private const short DrainLifeBaseSkillId = 214;
     private const short DrainLifeStrengthenerSkillId = 458;
     private const short DrainLifeMasterySkillId = 462;
 
+    /// <summary>How long an unreachable target is ignored before it may be considered again.</summary>
+    private static readonly TimeSpan UnreachableTargetBlacklistDuration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10);
+
     private static readonly TargetedSkillDefaultPlugin DefaultPlugin = new();
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Cache of the combat-relevant stats of monster definitions (config data, immutable at runtime),
+    /// so the safety checks of hundreds of bots don't re-scan the attribute lists every tick. Keyed by
+    /// the monster number rather than the definition instance, so a configuration reload (which builds
+    /// new <see cref="MonsterDefinition"/> instances) reuses the entries instead of orphaning them.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<short, (int Level, float AverageDamage, float Defense, float Health, float AttackRate)> MonsterStatsCache = new();
+
     private readonly OfflinePlayer _player;
     private readonly IMuHelperSettings? _config;
     private readonly MovementHandler _movementHandler;
-    private readonly Point _originPosition;
     private readonly ConditionalSkillSlot[] _conditionalSkillSlots;
 
     private IAttackable? _currentTarget;
     private int _nearbyMonsterCount;
+    private int _targetsAroundCurrent = 1;
     private int _currentComboStep;
     private int _skillCooldownTicks;
+    private int _approachFailures;
+    private ushort _unreachableTargetId;
+    private DateTime _unreachableTargetUntilUtc = DateTime.MinValue;
+    private SkillEntry? _tickBestSkill;
+    private bool _tickBestSkillComputed;
+
+    private DateTime _engageAtUtc = DateTime.MinValue;
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="CombatHandler"/> class.
@@ -46,13 +130,11 @@ public sealed class CombatHandler
     /// <param name="player">The offline player.</param>
     /// <param name="config">The MU helper settings.</param>
     /// <param name="movementHandler">The movement handler.</param>
-    /// <param name="originPosition">The original position to hunt around.</param>
-    public CombatHandler(OfflinePlayer player, IMuHelperSettings? config, MovementHandler movementHandler, Point originPosition)
+    public CombatHandler(OfflinePlayer player, IMuHelperSettings? config, MovementHandler movementHandler)
     {
         this._player = player;
         this._config = config;
         this._movementHandler = movementHandler;
-        this._originPosition = originPosition;
         this._conditionalSkillSlots = config is null ? [] :
         [
             new ConditionalSkillSlot(config.ActivationSkill1Id, config.Skill1UseTimer, config.DelayMinSkill1, config.Skill1UseCondition, config.Skill1ConditionAttacking, config.Skill1SubCondition),
@@ -70,6 +152,19 @@ public sealed class CombatHandler
     /// </summary>
     public byte HuntingRange => CalculateHuntingRange(this._config);
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the position to hunt around. Dynamic so bots can roam between hunting grounds.
+    /// </summary>
+    private Point OriginPosition => this._player.HuntingOrigin;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets a value indicating whether this session animates a server-side bot rather than the offline
+    /// session of a real player. Bots trade a bit of hunting efficiency for looking human (reaction
+    /// delay, target spread); a player's offline session must behave exactly as it did before the bots
+    /// moved into this handler.
+    /// </summary>
+    private bool IsBot => this._player.Account?.IsBot == true;
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Calculates the hunting range in tiles from the specified configuration.
     /// </summary>
@@ -85,6 +180,72 @@ public sealed class CombatHandler
         return (byte)Math.Max(DefaultRange, config.HuntingRange);
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the monster is one the bot can fight without dying, judged by the monster's
+    /// REAL combat stats instead of its nominal level: the average hit it lands (its base damage minus
+    /// the bot's PvM defense, the same subtraction the damage formula applies) must not exceed
+    /// <see cref="SafeHitHealthShare"/> of the bot's maximum health. A monster's level says nothing
+    /// about its punch - the high-end maps (Swamp of Calmness, LaCleon, the event fortresses) field
+    /// "level ~120" monsters which hit for 1000-2300 base damage, several times what regular maps'
+    /// monsters of the same level deal - so a level cap sent high-level bots in modest gear straight
+    /// into a death loop there. Judging by damage also scales naturally with equipment: better armor
+    /// raises the bot's defense and unlocks tougher maps, exactly like it does for a real player.
+    /// The bot's own offense must in turn exceed the monster's defense (<see cref="MinAttackAdvantage"/>),
+    /// so it never besieges a tank monster it can barely scratch, and the monster's level must not
+    /// exceed the bot's own (on reset servers: its reset-aware effective level, see
+    /// <see cref="BotResetHandler.GetEffectiveLevel"/>).
+    /// Shared by the combat AI and the bot navigator, so a bot never stops travelling for (or engages)
+    /// a monster it should not fight.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The bot player.</param>
+    /// <param name="monster">The monster definition.</param>
+    public static bool IsSafeTarget(Player player, MonsterDefinition monster)
+    {
+        var (monsterLevel, averageDamage, monsterDefense, monsterHealth, monsterAttackRate) = GetMonsterCombatStats(monster);
+        if (monsterLevel <= 0 || player.Attributes is not { } attributes)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Reset-aware: on servers with the reset feature a freshly reset character is nominally a
+        // low level again but keeps the strength of its resets - the effective level keeps it from
+        // being locked out of the maps it just hunted on.
+        if (monsterLevel > BotResetHandler.GetEffectiveLevel(player))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var netHit = Math.Max(0f, averageDamage - attributes[Stats.DefensePvm]) * GetExpectedHitShare(player, monsterAttackRate);
+        if (netHit > SafeHitHealthShare * Math.Max(1f, attributes[Stats.MaximumHealth]))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var attackPower = GetAttackPower(player);
+        if (attackPower <= monsterDefense * MinAttackAdvantage)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return (attackPower - monsterDefense) * GetHitBudget(player, monsterLevel) >= monsterHealth;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The number of net hits the bot may take to kill the monster (see <see cref="MaxHitsToKill"/>),
+    /// stretched by <see cref="MasterHitBudgetFactor"/> for a mastered bot fighting a monster which
+    /// actually pays it master experience (see <see cref="MasterHitBudgetFactor"/>).
+    /// </summary>
+    private static int GetHitBudget(Player player, int monsterLevel)
+    {
+        var configuration = player.GameContext.Configuration;
+        var isMastered = player.SelectedCharacter?.CharacterClass?.IsMasterClass == true
+                         && (player.Attributes?[Stats.Level] ?? 0) >= configuration.MaximumLevel;
+
+        return isMastered && monsterLevel >= configuration.MinimumMonsterLevelForMasterExperience
+            ? MaxHitsToKill * MasterHitBudgetFactor
+            : MaxHitsToKill;
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Decrements the skill cooldown counter by one tick.
     /// </summary>
@@ -101,6 +262,7 @@ public sealed class CombatHandler
     /// </summary>
     public async ValueTask PerformAttackAsync()
     {
+        var previousTarget = this._currentTarget;
         this.RefreshTarget();
 
         if (this._currentTarget is null)
@@ -108,13 +270,47 @@ public sealed class CombatHandler
             return;
         }
 
+        // A human doesn't strike the very same instant a new target appears: give each fresh target a
+        // small randomized reaction delay (the bot faces it, then engages) - the perfectly metronomic
+        // instant-strike cadence is one of the clearest bot giveaways. Only bots pay for the disguise:
+        // a player's own offline session must hunt exactly as fast as it always did.
+        if (this.IsBot)
+        {
+            if (!ReferenceEquals(previousTarget, this._currentTarget))
+            {
+                this._engageAtUtc = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMilliseconds(Rand.NextInt(250, 900));
+            }
+
+            if (DateTime.UtcNow < this._engageAtUtc)
+            {
+                this._player.Rotation = this._player.GetDirectionTo(this._currentTarget);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
         byte attackRange = this.GetEffectiveAttackRange();
         if (!this.IsTargetInAttackRange(this._currentTarget, attackRange))
         {
-            await this._movementHandler.MoveCloserToTargetAsync(this._currentTarget, attackRange).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            if (await this._movementHandler.MoveCloserToTargetAsync(this._currentTarget, attackRange).ConfigureAwait(false))
+            {
+                this._approachFailures = 0;
+            }
+            else if (++this._approachFailures >= MaxApproachFailures)
+            {
+                // The target is in (Euclidean) range but no walkable path leads to it - e.g. a monster
+                // across a wall or river. Blacklist it briefly and drop it, so the bot picks another
+                // target (or moves on) instead of standing in front of the obstacle forever.
+                this._unreachableTargetId = this._currentTarget.Id;
+                this._unreachableTargetUntilUtc = DateTime.UtcNow + UnreachableTargetBlacklistDuration;
+                this._currentTarget = null;
+                this._approachFailures = 0;
+            }
+
             return;
         }
 
+        this._approachFailures = 0;
+
         if (this._config?.UseCombo == true)
         {
             await this.ExecuteComboAttackAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
@@ -157,6 +353,90 @@ public sealed class CombatHandler
         }
     }
 
+    private static (int Level, float AverageDamage, float Defense, float Health, float AttackRate) GetMonsterCombatStats(MonsterDefinition monster)
+    {
+        return MonsterStatsCache.GetOrAdd(
+            monster.Number,
+            static (_, m) =>
+            {
+                float GetValue(AttributeDefinition attribute)
+                    => m.Attributes.FirstOrDefault(a => a.AttributeDefinition == attribute)?.Value ?? 0f;
+
+                var level = (int)GetValue(Stats.Level);
+                var averageDamage = (GetValue(Stats.MinimumPhysBaseDmg) + GetValue(Stats.MaximumPhysBaseDmg)) / 2f;
+                return (level, averageDamage, GetValue(Stats.DefenseBase), GetValue(Stats.MaximumHealth), GetValue(Stats.AttackRatePvm));
+            },
+            monster);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// How much of the monster's average hit actually lands on the bot, over time: the engine rolls
+    /// every monster swing against the bot's defense rate (see the hit chance in
+    /// <see cref="AttackableExtensions"/>), so an agility-based character tanks by DODGING, not by
+    /// soaking. Judging its safety by the raw hit alone declared every such build too squishy for
+    /// anything past the starter maps - and left the whole caster population stuck on Lorencia.
+    /// The dodge credit is capped (a bot must not bet its life on a lucky evade streak).
+    /// </summary>
+    private static float GetExpectedHitShare(Player player, float monsterAttackRate)
+    {
+        const float minimumAssumedHitChance = 0.25f;
+        if (monsterAttackRate <= 0f || player.Attributes is not { } attributes)
+        {
+            return 1f;
+        }
+
+        var defenseRate = attributes[Stats.DefenseRatePvm];
+        var hitChance = defenseRate < monsterAttackRate ? 1f - (defenseRate / monsterAttackRate) : 0.03f;
+        return Math.Clamp(hitChance, minimumAssumedHitChance, 1f);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A rough estimate of the bot's punch: its best base damage kind (physical for fighters, wizardry
+    /// for casters, curse for summoners) plus the strongest attack skill it has learned - enough to tell
+    /// apart "kills this monster at a reasonable pace" from "barely scratches it".
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Counts the monsters standing close enough to the target to be caught by an area skill aimed at it.
+    /// This is what decides whether the bot swings around itself or picks its single-target skill - the
+    /// hunting range is far too wide an area to answer that: it holds every monster of the ground.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static int CountPackAround(IAttackable? target, List<IAttackable> targets)
+    {
+        if (target is null)
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        return targets.Count(m => m.GetDistanceTo(target) <= AreaSkillClusterRange);
+    }
+
+    private static float GetAttackPower(Player player)
+    {
+        if (player.Attributes is not { } attributes)
+        {
+            return 0f;
+        }
+
+        var physical = (attributes[Stats.MinimumPhysBaseDmg] + attributes[Stats.MaximumPhysBaseDmg]) / 2f;
+
+        // The Min/Max wizardry damage is what a caster actually hits with (energy feeds it, see the
+        // class attribute relations); Stats.WizardryBaseDmg is only the bonus channel of the staff's
+        // rise - reading it made every caster look like it had no offense at all, so it never passed
+        // the checks below for anything but the starter maps and stayed there forever.
+        var wizardry = (attributes[Stats.MinimumWizBaseDmg] + attributes[Stats.MaximumWizBaseDmg]) / 2f;
+        var curse = (attributes[Stats.MinimumCurseBaseDmg] + attributes[Stats.MaximumCurseBaseDmg]) / 2f;
+        var skillDamage = 0;
+        foreach (var entry in player.SkillList?.Skills ?? [])
+        {
+            if (entry.Skill is { AttackDamage: > 0 } skill && skill.AttackDamage > skillDamage)
+            {
+                skillDamage = skill.AttackDamage;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return Math.Max(physical, Math.Max(wizardry, curse)) + skillDamage;
+    }
+
     private async ValueTask ExecuteAttackAsync(IAttackable target)
     {
         var skill = this.SelectAttackSkill();
@@ -170,7 +450,15 @@ public sealed class CombatHandler
 
     private async ValueTask ExecuteAttackAsync(IAttackable target, SkillEntry? skillEntry, bool isCombo)
     {
+        // Last line of defense for the "bot must never become an outlaw" invariant: no strike ever
+        // leaves this handler against a player who isn't a legal PvP target right now.
+        if (target is Player playerTarget && !BotPvpRules.IsLegalPvpTarget(this._player, playerTarget))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
         this._player.Rotation = this._player.GetDirectionTo(target);
+        this._player.LastAttackUtc = DateTime.UtcNow;
 
         if (skillEntry?.Skill is not { } skill)
         {
@@ -190,6 +478,26 @@ public sealed class CombatHandler
 
     private void RefreshTarget()
     {
+        // The best-skill choice is cached for the duration of one tick (it is needed for both the range
+        // check and the actual attack); a new tick starts with a fresh choice.
+        this._tickBestSkill = null;
+        this._tickBestSkillComputed = false;
+
+        // Self-defense has priority over farming: a player who recently attacked this bot becomes the
+        // target, as long as they are still viable and anywhere near. Without this the bot placidly
+        // keeps hitting monsters while a player kills it. The aggressor memory only sets the PRIORITY,
+        // though - whether the bot may actually strike is decided by BotPvpRules per attack: the grudge
+        // outlives the game's self-defense window, and striking outside of it would turn the bot into
+        // an outlaw (see BotPvpRules.IsLegalPvpTarget).
+        if (this._config?.UseSelfDefense == true
+            && this._player.RecentAggressor is { } aggressor
+            && aggressor.IsInRange(this._player.Position, this.HuntingRange * 2)
+            && BotPvpRules.IsLegalPvpTarget(this._player, aggressor))
+        {
+            this._currentTarget = aggressor;
+            return;
+        }
+
         if (this._currentTarget is { } t && !this.IsTargetStillValid(t))
         {
             this._currentTarget = null;
@@ -197,13 +505,27 @@ public sealed class CombatHandler
 
         if (this._currentTarget is null)
         {
-            var monsters = this.GetAttackableMonstersInHuntingRange().ToList();
-            this._currentTarget = monsters.MinBy(m => m.GetDistanceTo(this._player));
-            this._nearbyMonsterCount = monsters.Count;
+            var targets = this.GetAttackableTargetsInHuntingRange().ToList();
+            var candidates = targets
+                .Where(m => m.Id != this._unreachableTargetId || DateTime.UtcNow >= this._unreachableTargetUntilUtc)
+                .OrderBy(m => m.GetDistanceTo(this._player))
+                .Take(this.IsBot ? 2 : 1)
+                .ToList();
+
+            // A bot chooses randomly among the two nearest candidates instead of strictly the nearest
+            // one: with many bots on one ground, deterministic nearest-first makes them all dogpile the
+            // same monster and roam as a pack, which looks distinctly bot-like and wastes damage on
+            // overkill. A player's own offline session keeps hitting the nearest monster - it is his
+            // character's hunting efficiency, not a crowd to camouflage.
+            this._currentTarget = candidates.SelectRandom();
+            this._nearbyMonsterCount = targets.Count;
+            this._targetsAroundCurrent = CountPackAround(this._currentTarget, targets);
         }
         else
         {
-            this._nearbyMonsterCount = this.GetAttackableMonstersInHuntingRange().Count();
+            var targets = this.GetAttackableTargetsInHuntingRange().ToList();
+            this._nearbyMonsterCount = targets.Count;
+            this._targetsAroundCurrent = CountPackAround(this._currentTarget, targets);
         }
     }
 
@@ -214,11 +536,42 @@ public sealed class CombatHandler
             return [];
         }
 
-        return map.GetAttackablesInRange(this._originPosition, this.HuntingRange)
+        return map.GetAttackablesInRange(this.OriginPosition, this.HuntingRange)
             .OfType<Monster>()
             .Where(this.IsMonsterAttackable);
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The regular target pool are the attackable monsters; inside a mini game which allows player
+    /// killing (Chaos Castle) the other participants join it - there everyone is opposition, and a
+    /// bot which placidly farms monsters while being cut down would be the obvious odd one out.
+    /// </summary>
+    private IEnumerable<IAttackable> GetAttackableTargetsInHuntingRange()
+    {
+        if (this._player.CurrentMap is not { } map)
+        {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        var freeForAll = this._player.CurrentMiniGame is { AllowPlayerKilling: true };
+        return map.GetAttackablesInRange(this.OriginPosition, this.HuntingRange)
+            .Where(attackable => attackable switch
+            {
+                Monster monster => this.IsMonsterAttackable(monster),
+                Player player => freeForAll && this.IsEventRivalAttackable(player),
+                _ => false,
+            });
+    }
+
+    private bool IsEventRivalAttackable(Player target)
+    {
+        return !ReferenceEquals(target, this._player)
+               && target.IsAlive
+               && !target.IsAtSafezone()
+               && !target.IsTeleporting
+               && BotPvpRules.IsLegalPvpTarget(this._player, target);
+    }
+
     private bool IsTargetInAttackRange(IAttackable target, byte range)
     {
         return target.IsInRange(this._player.Position, range);
@@ -226,17 +579,51 @@ public sealed class CombatHandler
 
     private bool IsTargetStillValid(IAttackable target)
     {
+        // A player target must stay legal for the whole fight: the self-defense window can expire
+        // mid-fight (the player stopped hitting back and ran), and every further strike past that
+        // point would be an unprovoked attack that escalates the bot's own hero state.
+        if (target is Player playerTarget && !BotPvpRules.IsLegalPvpTarget(this._player, playerTarget))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
         return target.IsAlive
                && !target.IsAtSafezone()
                && !target.IsTeleporting
-               && target.IsInRange(this._originPosition, this.HuntingRange);
+               && target.IsInRange(this.OriginPosition, this.HuntingRange);
     }
 
     private bool IsMonsterAttackable(Monster monster)
     {
         return monster.IsAlive
                && !monster.IsAtSafezone()
-               && monster.Definition.ObjectKind == NpcObjectKind.Monster;
+               && monster.Definition.ObjectKind == NpcObjectKind.Monster
+               && this.IsWithinSafeHuntLevel(monster);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// With <see cref="IMuHelperSettings.OnlyHuntSafeMonsters"/> (server-side bots), the combat AI only
+    /// engages monsters which pass the same <see cref="IsSafeTarget"/> check the bot navigator hunts by.
+    /// Without this, a bot travelling through hostile territory picks a fight with any monster that
+    /// comes within range - including ones far too strong - and dies. Human offline sessions keep the
+    /// unrestricted behavior, since the player chose their hunting spot deliberately.
+    /// </summary>
+    private bool IsWithinSafeHuntLevel(Monster monster)
+    {
+        if (this._config?.OnlyHuntSafeMonsters != true)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (this._player.CurrentMiniGame is not null)
+        {
+            // Inside a mini game event the opposition is not the bot's choice - it fights what
+            // the event throws at it, like every other participant. Refusing "unsafe" waves
+            // would leave the bot idling in the middle of a Blood Castle.
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return IsSafeTarget(this._player, monster.Definition);
     }
 
     private async ValueTask ExecutePhysicalAttackAsync(IAttackable target)
@@ -274,6 +661,36 @@ public sealed class CombatHandler
         {
             await monster.AttackByAsync(this._player, skillEntry, isCombo).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
+
+        // A player target is hit by the area skill as well. Outside of free-for-all events ONLY the
+        // target itself (the self-defense aggressor): any bystanding player in the blast radius is
+        // deliberately spared - a bot's self-defense must never splash uninvolved players, no
+        // matter what it casts. Inside a mini game with free player killing (Chaos Castle) there
+        // are no uninvolved players, so the skill splashes the other participants like any area
+        // skill would. The legality re-check right at the strike closes the last race: the target
+        // was legal when it was picked, but the situation may have changed in the meantime.
+        IEnumerable<Player> playerTargets;
+        if (this._player.CurrentMiniGame is { AllowPlayerKilling: true })
+        {
+            playerTargets = this._player.CurrentMap?
+                    .GetAttackablesInRange(target.Position, skill.Range)
+                    .OfType<Player>()
+                    .Where(p => !ReferenceEquals(p, this._player))
+                ?? [];
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            playerTargets = target is Player playerTarget ? [playerTarget] : [];
+        }
+
+        foreach (var player in playerTargets)
+        {
+            if (player.IsAlive && !player.IsAtSafezone()
+                && BotPvpRules.IsLegalPvpTarget(this._player, player))
+            {
+                await player.AttackByAsync(this._player, skillEntry, isCombo).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     private async ValueTask ExecuteTargetedSkillAttackAsync(IAttackable target, Skill skill)
@@ -290,10 +707,12 @@ public sealed class CombatHandler
             return null;
         }
 
-        // If no skills are configured at all, don't attack.
+        // If no skills are configured at all, don't attack - unless the AI is allowed to pick a skill
+        // on its own (bots), in which case we fall through to the automatic selection below.
         if (this._config.BasicSkillId == 0
             && this._config.ActivationSkill1Id == 0
-            && this._config.ActivationSkill2Id == 0)
+            && this._config.ActivationSkill2Id == 0
+            && !this._config.AutoSelectBestSkill)
         {
             return null;
         }
@@ -316,9 +735,122 @@ public sealed class CombatHandler
             }
         }
 
+        // No explicitly configured skill fired: let the AI pick the strongest affordable learned attack
+        // skill. This scales with the character's level and mana pool, so higher-level bots naturally cast
+        // stronger spells, and drop back to a basic attack (via FallbackBasicAttack) only when out of mana.
+        if (this._config.AutoSelectBestSkill)
+        {
+            return this.SelectBestAffordableSkill();
+        }
+
         return null;
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Picks the strongest attack skill the character has learned and can currently afford (enough mana
+    /// and ability). Only attack skills (direct hit or area damage) are considered; learned skills are
+    /// always class-qualified, so this can never cast a skill the class is not entitled to.
+    /// </summary>
+    private SkillEntry? SelectBestAffordableSkill()
+    {
+        if (this._tickBestSkillComputed)
+        {
+            // Computed once per tick: both the attack-range check and the attack itself need it.
+            return this._tickBestSkill;
+        }
+
+        this._tickBestSkillComputed = true;
+        if (this._player.SkillList is not { } skillList)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        var ridesFenrir = this.RidesFenrir();
+        var candidates = new List<(SkillEntry Entry, float Score)>();
+        foreach (var entry in skillList.Skills)
+        {
+            if (entry.Skill is not { } skill
+                || !BotProgression.IsAttackSkill(skill)
+                || BotProgression.IsCastleSiegeOnly(skill)
+                || (BotProgression.RequiresPet(skill) && !ridesFenrir)
+                || skill.Range == 0
+
+                // Same trap as the buffs: a character keeps its skills across a reset but not the level
+                // which unlocked them, and the cast is refused deep inside, silently. A single-target
+                // skill picked here would simply not go off - the basic attack only steps in when NO
+                // skill was selected, not when the selected one fails.
+                || !BotProgression.MeetsRequirements(skill, attribute => this._player.Attributes?[attribute])
+                || !this.HasEnoughResources(entry))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            candidates.Add((entry, this.ScoreSkill(skill)));
+        }
+
+        if (candidates.Count == 0)
+        {
+            this._tickBestSkill = null;
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // Among skills which are worth about the same, reach decides. The flat bonus of a skill is added
+        // to the character's own damage, so at a few thousand base damage the gap between the strongest
+        // spell and the second strongest is a rounding error - while three tiles of range are three tiles
+        // whether the character is level 20 or 400. This is what stopped every wizard from fighting at
+        // arm's length with Hellfire.
+        var bestScore = candidates.Max(c => c.Score);
+        return this._tickBestSkill = candidates
+            .Where(c => c.Score >= bestScore * EquivalentSkillScoreShare)
+            .OrderByDescending(c => c.Entry.Skill!.Range)
+            .ThenByDescending(c => c.Entry.Skill!.MasterDefinition is not null)
+            .ThenByDescending(c => c.Score)
+            .First()
+            .Entry;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Estimates what one cast of the skill is worth right now: the damage of a single hit, times the
+    /// number of hits the skill performs, times the number of monsters an area skill would catch.
+    /// <see cref="Skill.AttackDamage"/> alone does not say it - it is a flat bonus added to the
+    /// character's base damage, so a skill can carry none at all and still be the strongest thing the
+    /// class owns, which is exactly the case for a Rage Fighter's four-hit skills.
+    /// </summary>
+    private float ScoreSkill(Skill skill)
+    {
+        var attributes = this._player.Attributes;
+        var baseDamage = skill.DamageType switch
+        {
+            DamageType.Wizardry => attributes?[Stats.MaximumWizBaseDmg] ?? 0,
+            DamageType.Curse => attributes?[Stats.MaximumCurseBaseDmg] ?? 0,
+
+            // Only reached when the character actually rides a Fenrir - the skill is filtered out
+            // otherwise, because this attribute is derived from the character's own stats and says
+            // nothing about whether the pet is there (see RidesFenrir).
+            DamageType.Fenrir => attributes?[Stats.FenrirBaseDmg] ?? 0,
+            _ => attributes?[Stats.MaximumPhysBaseDmg] ?? 0,
+        };
+
+        var perHit = baseDamage + skill.AttackDamage;
+        var hits = Math.Max((int)skill.NumberOfHitsPerAttack, 1);
+        var targets = BotProgression.IsAreaSkill(skill)
+            ? Math.Clamp(this._targetsAroundCurrent, 1, MaxScoredAreaTargets)
+            : 1;
+
+        return perHit * hits * targets;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the character actually rides a Fenrir, which the skills reported by
+    /// <see cref="BotProgression.RequiresPet"/> need in order to be worth anything.
+    /// </summary>
+    private bool RidesFenrir()
+        => this._player.Inventory?.GetItem(InventoryConstants.PetSlot) is
+        {
+            Durability: > 0.0,
+            Definition: { Group: FenrirItemGroup, Number: FenrirItemNumber },
+        };
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Evaluates whether the skill in the given slot should fire this tick.
     /// </summary>
@@ -514,6 +1046,15 @@ public sealed class CombatHandler
             }
         }
 
+        // Bots have no configured skill IDs but auto-select their attack skill; use the range of the skill
+        // they would actually cast now, so ranged casters attack from a distance instead of closing to melee.
+        if (this._config.AutoSelectBestSkill
+            && this.SelectBestAffordableSkill()?.Skill?.Range is { } autoRange
+            && autoRange > 0)
+        {
+            return (byte)autoRange;
+        }
+
         if (this._player.Attributes is { } attributes
             && (attributes[Stats.IsBowEquipped] > 0 || attributes[Stats.IsCrossBowEquipped] > 0))
         {

src/GameLogic/Offline/HealingHandler.cs

@@ -18,9 +18,12 @@ using MUnique.OpenMU.Interfaces;
 /// </summary>
 public sealed class HealingHandler
 {
-    private static readonly ItemConsumeAction ConsumeAction = new();
-
-    private static readonly ItemIdentifier[] HealthPotionPriority =
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The health potions the offline player drinks, best first. Also the shopping list a bot restocks
+    /// from (see <c>BotShoppingHandler</c>): buying what it does not drink, or not buying what it does,
+    /// is how a bot ends up starving next to a full merchant.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static readonly ItemIdentifier[] HealthPotionPriority =
     [
         ItemConstants.LargeHealingPotion,
         ItemConstants.MediumHealingPotion,
@@ -28,6 +31,21 @@ public sealed class HealingHandler
         ItemConstants.Apple,
     ];
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The mana potions the offline player drinks, best first. <see cref="HealthPotionPriority"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static readonly ItemIdentifier[] ManaPotionPriority =
+    [
+        ItemConstants.LargeManaPotion,
+        ItemConstants.MediumManaPotion,
+        ItemConstants.SmallManaPotion,
+    ];
+
+    /// <summary>Drink a mana potion once mana falls below this share, so casters can keep casting.</summary>
+    private const int ManaThresholdPercent = 30;
+
+    private static readonly ItemConsumeAction ConsumeAction = new();
+
     private readonly OfflinePlayer _player;
     private readonly IMuHelperSettings? _config;
 
@@ -75,7 +93,25 @@ public sealed class HealingHandler
         if (this._config!.UseHealPotion && this.IsHealthBelowThreshold(this._player, this._config.PotionThresholdPercent))
         {
             await this.UseHealthPotionAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return;
         }
+
+        if (this._config.UseManaPotion && this.IsManaBelowThreshold())
+        {
+            await this.UsePotionAsync(ManaPotionPriority).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private bool IsManaBelowThreshold()
+    {
+        if (this._player.Attributes is not { } attributes)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        double mana = attributes[Stats.CurrentMana];
+        double maxMana = attributes[Stats.MaximumMana];
+        return maxMana > 0 && (mana * 100.0 / maxMana) <= ManaThresholdPercent;
     }
 
     private async ValueTask PerformPartyHealingAsync()
@@ -126,14 +162,16 @@ public sealed class HealingHandler
         return maxHp > 0 && (hp * 100.0 / maxHp) <= thresholdPercent;
     }
 
-    private async ValueTask UseHealthPotionAsync()
+    private ValueTask UseHealthPotionAsync() => this.UsePotionAsync(HealthPotionPriority);
+
+    private async ValueTask UsePotionAsync(ItemIdentifier[] priority)
     {
         if (this._player.Inventory is null)
         {
             return;
         }
 
-        foreach (var identifier in HealthPotionPriority)
+        foreach (var identifier in priority)
         {
             var potion = this._player.Inventory.Items
                 .FirstOrDefault(i => i.Definition?.Group == identifier.Group

src/GameLogic/Offline/ItemPickupHandler.cs

@@ -117,16 +117,29 @@ public sealed class ItemPickupHandler
 
         if (this._config.PickJewel && IsJewel(item))
         {
-            return true;
+            // A human's helper takes every jewel - its owner trades, crafts or hoards them later. A bot
+            // has no later: it can only spend Bless, Soul and Life on its own gear, so a Jewel of Chaos
+            // or a stock-exceeding Soul is a backpack slot it never gets back.
+            return this._player.Account?.IsBot != true
+                   || Bots.BotJewelHandler.WantsMoreOf(this._player, item);
         }
 
-        if (this._config.PickAncient && item.ItemSetGroups.Any(s => s.AncientSetDiscriminator != 0))
+        var isAncient = item.ItemSetGroups.Any(s => s.AncientSetDiscriminator != 0);
+        var isExcellent = item.ItemOptions.Any(o => o.ItemOption?.OptionType == ItemOptionTypes.Excellent);
+        if ((this._config.PickAncient && isAncient) || (this._config.PickExcellent && isExcellent))
         {
-            return true;
+            // A human's helper hoards every excellent/ancient piece - its owner sorts the treasure
+            // out later. A bot has no later: it cannot trade, so it only takes what it can actually
+            // wear as an upgrade; everything else would silt up its backpack until the loot pickup
+            // stops.
+            return this._player.Account?.IsBot != true
+                   || Bots.BotEquipmentHandler.IsUpgradeFor(this._player, item);
         }
 
-        if (this._config.PickExcellent && item.ItemOptions.Any(o => o.ItemOption?.OptionType == ItemOptionTypes.Excellent))
+        if (this._config.PickUpgradeItems && Bots.BotEquipmentHandler.IsUpgradeFor(this._player, item))
         {
+            // The item is class-qualified gear which beats what the bot currently wears - worth picking
+            // up; the BotEquipmentHandler will equip it on one of its next passes.
             return true;
         }
 

src/GameLogic/Offline/MovementHandler.cs

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ public sealed class MovementHandler
 
     private readonly OfflinePlayer _player;
     private readonly IMuHelperSettings? _config;
-    private readonly Point _originPosition;
 
     private DateTime? _outOfRangeSince;
 
@@ -25,14 +24,17 @@ public sealed class MovementHandler
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="player">The offline player.</param>
     /// <param name="config">The MU Helper configuration.</param>
-    /// <param name="originPosition">The original spawn position.</param>
-    public MovementHandler(OfflinePlayer player, IMuHelperSettings? config, Point originPosition)
+    public MovementHandler(OfflinePlayer player, IMuHelperSettings? config)
     {
         this._player = player;
         this._config = config;
-        this._originPosition = originPosition;
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the position to hunt around. Dynamic so bots can roam between hunting grounds.
+    /// </summary>
+    private Point OriginPosition => this._player.HuntingOrigin;
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets the hunting range in tiles.
     /// </summary>
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ public sealed class MovementHandler
 
         if (this.ShouldRegroup(out var distance))
         {
-            await this.WalkToAsync(this._originPosition).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            await this.WalkToAsync(this.OriginPosition).ConfigureAwait(false);
             this._outOfRangeSince = null;
             return false;
         }
@@ -69,13 +71,43 @@ public sealed class MovementHandler
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="target">The target to move closer to.</param>
     /// <param name="range">The range to stop within.</param>
-    public async ValueTask MoveCloserToTargetAsync(IAttackable target, byte range)
+    /// <returns>True, if a walk towards the target was started; false, if no path exists or walking is not possible.</returns>
+    public async ValueTask<bool> MoveCloserToTargetAsync(IAttackable target, byte range)
     {
-        if (this._player.CurrentMap is { } map && target.IsInRange(this._originPosition, this.HuntingRange))
+        if (this._player.CurrentMap is { } map && target.IsInRange(this.OriginPosition, this.HuntingRange))
         {
-            var walkTarget = map.Terrain.GetRandomCoordinate(target.Position, range);
-            await this.WalkToAsync(walkTarget).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            var walkTarget = GetApproachPoint(map, this._player.Position, target.Position, range);
+            return await this.WalkToAsync(walkTarget).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Picks the point to walk to when closing in on a target: straight along the line towards it,
+    /// stopping at attack range. The previous behavior re-randomized a point around the target every
+    /// tick, which made the character zig-zag visibly towards its prey and re-path constantly.
+    /// Falls back to a random point near the target when the straight-line point is not walkable.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static Point GetApproachPoint(GameMap map, Point from, Point to, byte stopRange)
+    {
+        var dx = to.X - from.X;
+        var dy = to.Y - from.Y;
+        var distance = Math.Max(Math.Abs(dx), Math.Abs(dy));
+        if (distance <= stopRange)
+        {
+            return from;
+        }
+
+        var factor = (double)(distance - stopRange) / distance;
+        var x = (byte)Math.Clamp(from.X + (int)Math.Round(dx * factor), 0, 255);
+        var y = (byte)Math.Clamp(from.Y + (int)Math.Round(dy * factor), 0, 255);
+        if (map.Terrain.WalkMap[x, y] && !map.Terrain.SafezoneMap[x, y])
+        {
+            return new Point(x, y);
+        }
+
+        return map.Terrain.GetRandomCoordinate(to, stopRange);
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -120,7 +152,7 @@ public sealed class MovementHandler
 
     private bool ShouldRegroup(out double distance)
     {
-        distance = this._player.GetDistanceTo(this._originPosition);
+        distance = this._player.GetDistanceTo(this.OriginPosition);
         if (distance <= RegroupDistanceThreshold)
         {
             return false;

src/GameLogic/Offline/OfflinePlayer.cs

@@ -7,16 +7,72 @@ namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Offline;
 using MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Entities;
 using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.MuHelper;
 using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Views;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.Pathfinding;
 using MUnique.OpenMU.PlugIns;
 
 /// <summary>
 /// An offline player that continues leveling after the real client disconnects.
 /// </summary>
-public sealed class OfflinePlayer : Player
+public class OfflinePlayer : Player
 {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A player who killed this bot this many times gets no (further) revenge: walking back a third
+    /// time into the same lost fight would just be a death loop feeding the killer free kills.
+    /// </summary>
+    private const int RepeatedKillThreshold = 2;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// How long an attack by a player stays "hot" as a self-defense target, counted from the LAST hit
+    /// (every attack refreshes it). Long enough to hold a grudge: an attacker who breaks off and comes
+    /// back within this window stays the bot's priority target instead of being forgiven after
+    /// seconds - whether it may actually be struck is decided per attack by <see cref="Bots.BotPvpRules"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly TimeSpan AggressionMemory = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// How long a revenge stays armed after the respawn. One attempt only: if the bot has not reached
+    /// its death site within this time (long routes, fights on the way), it gives up and hunts normally.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly TimeSpan RevengeDuration = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(3);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// How long the bot keeps away from hunting grounds near its death site after the same player
+    /// killed it repeatedly (see <see cref="RepeatedKillThreshold"/>).
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly TimeSpan DeathSiteAvoidanceDuration = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// How long a death counts toward <see cref="RepeatedKillThreshold"/>. A kill by a player the bot
+    /// has not seen for this long counts as a fresh grudge again, not as a repeated one.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly TimeSpan DeathCountMemory = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(30);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// How often each (human) player killed this bot recently, keyed by character name. Written by the
+    /// death plugin and read by the AI ticks, hence concurrent.
+    /// </summary>
+    private readonly System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary<string, DeathRecord> _deathsByKiller = new();
+
     private OfflinePlayerMuHelper? _intelligence;
     private Task? _intelligenceDisposeTask;
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The player who most recently attacked this bot, with the time of that attack. Written from the
+    /// attack path and read from the AI tick; immutable and written atomically (a single reference
+    /// store), so the two can access it without a lock and without a torn <see cref="DateTime"/> read.
+    /// </summary>
+    private volatile Aggression? _aggression;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The pending (not yet armed, <see cref="RevengeState.ExpiresAtUtc"/> is null) or armed revenge.
+    /// The state object is immutable and the field is written atomically, so the death plugin and the
+    /// AI ticks can access it without a lock.
+    /// </summary>
+    private volatile RevengeState? _revenge;
+
+    /// <summary>See <see cref="TryGetDeathSiteToAvoid"/>; immutable and written atomically, like <see cref="_revenge"/>.</summary>
+    private volatile DeathSite? _deathSiteToAvoid;
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="OfflinePlayer"/> class.
     /// </summary>
@@ -36,6 +92,80 @@ public sealed class OfflinePlayer : Player
     /// </summary>
     public DateTime StartTimestamp { get; internal set; }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the position the intelligence hunts around. For a plain offline player this is
+    /// the spawn position and never changes. Bots update it to roam between hunting grounds.
+    /// </summary>
+    public Point HuntingOrigin { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets a value indicating whether the player should keep playing after dying and respawning.
+    /// A normal offline session ends on death; bots override this to keep running forever.
+    /// </summary>
+    public virtual bool RespawnAndContinue => false;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets actions queued from outside the AI tick (e.g. skill learning on level-up), which the
+    /// <see cref="OfflinePlayerMuHelper"/> drains at the start of each tick. This serializes such
+    /// mutations with the combat handler, so e.g. the skill list is never modified while combat is
+    /// enumerating it.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentQueue<Func<ValueTask>> PendingBotActions { get; } = new();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the player who most recently attacked this bot (self-defense target), if the aggression
+    /// is recent enough and the aggressor is still a viable target.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal Player? RecentAggressor
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            if (this._aggression is { } aggression
+                && DateTime.UtcNow - aggression.AtUtc <= AggressionMemory
+                && aggression.Aggressor.IsAlive
+                && !aggression.Aggressor.IsAtSafezone())
+            {
+                return aggression.Aggressor;
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the pending party invitation from a player, scheduled by
+    /// <see cref="Bots.BotPartyHandler"/> and executed with a human-like delay in the bot's tick.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal Bots.PendingPartyInvite? PendingPartyInvite { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the time at which the bot gets bored of its current party with a human player
+    /// and politely leaves it (managed by <see cref="Bots.BotPartyHandler"/>).
+    /// </summary>
+    internal DateTime? PartyBoredomAtUtc { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the bot is currently on a shopping trip (walking to
+    /// or trading with a merchant), maintained by <see cref="Bots.BotNavigator"/>. While on an errand
+    /// the bot declines party invitations, like a busy player would.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal bool IsOnShoppingTrip { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets a value indicating whether a revenge against a player killer is pending or armed - the
+    /// bot has unfinished business and is in no mood to group up.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal bool HasRevengeIntent => this._revenge is not null;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the time the character last struck something. It is the only honest answer to
+    /// "is this map paying off": whatever keeps a bot from fighting - monsters it may not engage,
+    /// grounds another bot empties first, a map its level opened but its body cannot handle - the
+    /// symptom is the same, and so is the remedy (see <see cref="Bots.BotNavigator"/>: move to easier
+    /// ground rather than walk between hunting grounds forever).
+    /// </summary>
+    internal DateTime LastAttackUtc { get; set; } = DateTime.UtcNow;
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Initializes the offline player by loading the account fresh from the database.
     /// </summary>
@@ -70,6 +200,8 @@ public sealed class OfflinePlayer : Player
 
             await this.ClientReadyAfterMapChangeAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
 
+            this.HuntingOrigin = this.Position;
+
             this.StartIntelligence();
 
             this.Logger.LogDebug(
@@ -90,11 +222,188 @@ public sealed class OfflinePlayer : Player
     /// <summary>
     /// Stops the offline player and removes it from the world.
     /// </summary>
-    public async ValueTask StopAsync()
+    public virtual async ValueTask StopAsync()
     {
         await this.DisconnectAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Registers a player who attacked this bot, so the combat AI can defend itself.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="aggressor">The player who attacked this bot.</param>
+    internal void RegisterAggressor(Player aggressor)
+    {
+        this._aggression = new Aggression(aggressor, DateTime.UtcNow);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Registers that a (human) player killed this bot. The first kill makes a revenge pending: after
+    /// respawning on the same map, the bot marches back to the place of its death (driven by the
+    /// <see cref="Bots.BotNavigator"/>) with re-armed aggressor memory, so it attacks the killer on
+    /// sight. A repeated kill by the same player (see <see cref="RepeatedKillThreshold"/>) cancels
+    /// revenge instead and makes the bot avoid hunting grounds near the death site for a while.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="killer">The player who killed this bot.</param>
+    internal void RegisterDeathByPlayer(Player killer)
+    {
+        if (this.CurrentMap?.Definition is not { } deathMap)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        var deathPosition = this.Position;
+        var record = this._deathsByKiller.AddOrUpdate(
+            killer.Name,
+            _ => new DeathRecord(1, now),
+            (_, existing) => now - existing.LastDeathUtc > DeathCountMemory
+                ? new DeathRecord(1, now)
+                : new DeathRecord(existing.Count + 1, now));
+
+        if (record.Count >= RepeatedKillThreshold)
+        {
+            this._revenge = null;
+            this._deathSiteToAvoid = new DeathSite(deathPosition, deathMap, now + DeathSiteAvoidanceDuration);
+            this.Logger.LogInformation(
+                "Bot '{Name}' was killed by '{Killer}' again; giving up on revenge and avoiding the area around {Position} for a while.",
+                this.Name,
+                killer.Name,
+                deathPosition);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        this._revenge = new RevengeState(killer, deathPosition, deathMap, null);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Arms a pending revenge once the bot respawned, called by the <see cref="OfflinePlayerMuHelper"/>
+    /// when a bot resumes after death. Only a respawn on the map the bot died on qualifies (from any
+    /// other map the march back would be meaningless); the aggressor memory is re-armed, so the combat
+    /// AI keeps the killer prioritized (struck only when legal, see <see cref="Bots.BotPvpRules"/>),
+    /// and the revenge gets its time-to-live.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal void ArmRevengeAfterRespawn()
+    {
+        if (this._revenge is not { ExpiresAtUtc: null } revenge)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!object.Equals(this.CurrentMap?.Definition, revenge.DeathMap))
+        {
+            this._revenge = null;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        this._revenge = revenge with { ExpiresAtUtc = DateTime.UtcNow + RevengeDuration };
+        this.RegisterAggressor(revenge.Killer);
+        this.Logger.LogInformation("Bot '{Name}' returns to avenge its death against '{Killer}'.", this.Name, revenge.Killer.Name);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the destination of an armed, still running revenge. Expires the revenge when its
+    /// time-to-live ran out or the bot is no longer on the map it died on (e.g. it warped away).
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="currentMap">The map the bot is currently on.</param>
+    /// <param name="deathSite">The place of the bot's death to march back to.</param>
+    /// <returns><c>true</c> if a revenge is active and <paramref name="deathSite"/> was set.</returns>
+    internal bool TryGetRevengeDestination(GameMapDefinition currentMap, out Point deathSite)
+    {
+        deathSite = default;
+        if (this._revenge is not { ExpiresAtUtc: { } expiresAt } revenge)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (DateTime.UtcNow > expiresAt)
+        {
+            this.ExpireRevenge("it timed out before the bot reached the death site");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!object.Equals(currentMap, revenge.DeathMap))
+        {
+            this.ExpireRevenge("the bot left the map it died on");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        deathSite = revenge.DeathPosition;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Ends an active revenge - the single attempt is spent, the bot returns to its normal routine.
+    /// The aggressor memory is deliberately left armed: if the killer is still around, the combat AI
+    /// engages it, and if it strikes again, self-defense re-arms the memory anyway.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="reason">Why the revenge ended, for the log.</param>
+    internal void ExpireRevenge(string reason)
+    {
+        if (this._revenge is { } revenge)
+        {
+            this._revenge = null;
+            this.Logger.LogInformation("Bot '{Name}' revenge against '{Killer}' ended: {Reason}.", this.Name, revenge.Killer.Name, reason);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the death site the bot should keep away from when picking a hunting ground - set after the
+    /// same player killed it repeatedly, so it stops walking back into the same lost fight.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="currentMap">The map the bot is currently on.</param>
+    /// <param name="deathSite">The place of the repeated deaths.</param>
+    /// <returns><c>true</c> if an avoidance is active on the given map and <paramref name="deathSite"/> was set.</returns>
+    internal bool TryGetDeathSiteToAvoid(GameMapDefinition currentMap, out Point deathSite)
+    {
+        deathSite = default;
+        if (this._deathSiteToAvoid is not { } site
+            || DateTime.UtcNow > site.AvoidUntilUtc
+            || !object.Equals(currentMap, site.Map))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        deathSite = site.Position;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Executes and removes all queued <see cref="PendingBotActions"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal async ValueTask DrainPendingBotActionsAsync()
+    {
+        while (this.PendingBotActions.TryDequeue(out var action))
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                await action().ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                this.Logger.LogError(ex, "Queued bot action failed for {Account}.", this.AccountLoginName);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Called when an AI tick of this player finished without an exception. Does nothing here - a bot
+    /// uses it to forget earlier failures (see <see cref="Bots.BotPlayer"/>).
+    /// </summary>
+    internal virtual void OnAiTickSucceeded()
+    {
+        // Nothing to do for a plain offline player.
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Called when an AI tick of this player threw. Does nothing here, so the human offline mode keeps
+    /// behaving exactly as before; a bot counts the failures and asks for a restart when they don't stop
+    /// (see <see cref="Bots.BotPlayer"/>).
+    /// </summary>
+    internal virtual void OnAiTickFailed()
+    {
+        // Nothing to do for a plain offline player.
+    }
+
     /// <inheritdoc />
     protected override async ValueTask InternalDisconnectAsync()
     {
@@ -132,6 +441,15 @@ public sealed class OfflinePlayer : Player
     protected override ICustomPlugInContainer<IViewPlugIn> CreateViewPlugInContainer()
         => new OfflineViewPlugInContainer(this);
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Starts the intelligence which drives this offline player. Overridden by bots to also run navigation.
+    /// </summary>
+    protected virtual void StartIntelligence()
+    {
+        this._intelligence = new OfflinePlayerMuHelper(this);
+        this._intelligence.Start();
+    }
+
     private async ValueTask AdvanceToCharacterSelectionStateAsync()
     {
         // Advance state to allow the intelligence to perform actions.
@@ -146,9 +464,24 @@ public sealed class OfflinePlayer : Player
         await this.SetSelectedCharacterAsync(character).ConfigureAwait(false);
     }
 
-    private void StartIntelligence()
-    {
-        this._intelligence = new OfflinePlayerMuHelper(this);
-        this._intelligence.Start();
-    }
+    /// <summary>
+    /// How often (and how recently) a specific player killed this bot.
+    /// </summary>
+    private sealed record DeathRecord(int Count, DateTime LastDeathUtc);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A revenge for a death by a player's hand: pending while <see cref="ExpiresAtUtc"/> is null
+    /// (the bot has not respawned yet), armed and running once it is set.
+    /// </summary>
+    private sealed record RevengeState(Player Killer, Point DeathPosition, GameMapDefinition DeathMap, DateTime? ExpiresAtUtc);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A death site the bot avoids when picking hunting grounds, after repeated deaths there.
+    /// </summary>
+    private sealed record DeathSite(Point Position, GameMapDefinition Map, DateTime AvoidUntilUtc);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The most recent aggression against this bot: who attacked and when.
+    /// </summary>
+    private sealed record Aggression(Player Aggressor, DateTime AtUtc);
 }

src/GameLogic/Offline/OfflinePlayerMuHelper.cs

@@ -46,14 +46,13 @@ public sealed class OfflinePlayerMuHelper : AsyncDisposable
     public OfflinePlayerMuHelper(OfflinePlayer player)
     {
         this._player = player;
-        var originalPosition = player.Position;
         var config = player.MuHelperSettings;
 
         this._buffHandler = new BuffHandler(player, config);
         this._healingHandler = new HealingHandler(player, config);
         this._itemPickupHandler = new ItemPickupHandler(player, config);
-        this._movementHandler = new MovementHandler(player, config, originalPosition);
-        this._combatHandler = new CombatHandler(player, config, this._movementHandler, originalPosition);
+        this._movementHandler = new MovementHandler(player, config);
+        this._combatHandler = new CombatHandler(player, config, this._movementHandler);
         this._repairHandler = new RepairHandler(player, config);
         this._zenHandler = new ZenConsumptionHandler(player);
         this._petHandler = new PetHandler(player, config);
@@ -120,10 +119,17 @@ public sealed class OfflinePlayerMuHelper : AsyncDisposable
     {
         this._player.Logger.LogDebug("Offline player '{Name}' died. Killer: {KillerName}.", this._player.Name, e.KillerName);
         this._isDead = true;
+
+        // Do not cancel the loop here: a bot needs to keep ticking so it can resume after respawning.
+        // For a normal offline session the tick stops the session on respawn, which disposes (and cancels) this helper.
     }
 
     private async Task RunLoopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
     {
+        // Randomize the loop phase, so hundreds of concurrently started players don't all tick on the
+        // same 500ms boundary - smoother server load and less robotic synchrony between them.
+        await Task.Delay(Rand.NextInt(0, 500), cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
         while (await this._timer.WaitForNextTickAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
         {
             cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
@@ -135,7 +141,12 @@ public sealed class OfflinePlayerMuHelper : AsyncDisposable
     {
         try
         {
-            await this.TickAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            // Run the whole tick under the player's persistence lock so its structural mutations
+            // (loot pickup, combat ammo/pet destruction, queued equip/jewel actions) never overlap
+            // this bot's periodic progress save, which runs on a separate timer. The tick has no
+            // internal delays, so the lock is held only for its brief duration.
+            await this._player.RunPersistenceExclusiveAsync(() => this.TickAsync(cancellationToken)).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            this._player.OnAiTickSucceeded();
         }
         catch (OperationCanceledException)
         {
@@ -144,11 +155,16 @@ public sealed class OfflinePlayerMuHelper : AsyncDisposable
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
             this._player.Logger.LogError(ex, "Error in offline player helper tick for {AccountLoginName}.", this._player.AccountLoginName);
+            this._player.OnAiTickFailed();
         }
     }
 
     private async ValueTask TickAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
     {
+        // Actions queued from outside the tick (e.g. skill learning on level-up) run here, serialized
+        // with the combat handler - so nothing mutates the skill list while combat is enumerating it.
+        await this._player.DrainPendingBotActionsAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+
         if (await this.HandleDeathAsync().ConfigureAwait(false))
         {
             return;
@@ -215,6 +231,19 @@ public sealed class OfflinePlayerMuHelper : AsyncDisposable
                 return true;
             }
 
+            if (this._player.RespawnAndContinue)
+            {
+                // Bots keep playing: reset the death state and re-anchor the hunting origin to the respawn
+                // position so the navigator picks a fresh hunting ground from where the bot came back to life.
+                // A death by a player's hand may have left a pending revenge - arm it now (the navigator
+                // then marches the bot back to its death site instead of picking a hunting ground).
+                this._isDead = false;
+                this._player.HuntingOrigin = this._player.Position;
+                this._player.ArmRevengeAfterRespawn();
+                this._player.Logger.LogInformation("Bot '{Name}' respawned; resuming.", this._player.Name);
+                return false;
+            }
+
             if (this._player.Account?.LoginName is { } loginName)
             {
                 this._player.Logger.LogInformation("Offline player died and successfully respawned. Stopping session for {0}.", loginName);

src/GameLogic/Offline/RepairHandler.cs

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ internal sealed class RepairHandler
     private readonly IMuHelperSettings? _config;
     private readonly ItemRepairAction _repairAction = new();
 
+    private bool _loggedDisabled;
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="RepairHandler"/> class.
     /// </summary>
@@ -41,7 +43,13 @@ internal sealed class RepairHandler
     {
         if (this._config is not { RepairItem: true })
         {
+            // Once per session: this states a configuration, not an event, and the tick runs twice a second.
+            if (!this._loggedDisabled)
+            {
+                this._loggedDisabled = true;
                 this._player.Logger.LogDebug("Auto-repair is disabled by MU Helper configuration for character {CharacterName}.", this._player.Name);
+            }
+
             return;
         }
 

src/GameLogic/Offline/ZenConsumptionHandler.cs

@@ -34,6 +34,14 @@ internal sealed class ZenConsumptionHandler
     /// <returns><c>true</c> if the player can continue; <c>false</c> if insufficient Zen.</returns>
     public async ValueTask<bool> DeductZenAsync()
     {
+        // Bots are exempt from the PC-Cafe fee: they don't accumulate Zen fast enough
+        // to cover it and would otherwise go bankrupt and stop. Human offline-leveling
+        // players (IsBot == false) keep paying as before.
+        if (this._player.Account?.IsBot == true)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
         if (DateTime.UtcNow - this._lastPayTimestamp < this._configuration.PayInterval)
         {
             return true;

src/GameLogic/Party.cs

@@ -201,8 +201,8 @@ public sealed class Party : AsyncDisposable
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="killedObject">The object that was killed.</param>
     /// <param name="killer">The killer who is a party member.</param>
-    /// <returns>The total experience distributed.</returns>
-    public async ValueTask<int> DistributeExperienceAfterKillAsync(IAttackable killedObject, IObservable killer)
+    /// <returns>The experience which each party member gained, with all experience rates applied.</returns>
+    public async ValueTask<IReadOnlyList<ExperienceShare>> DistributeExperienceAfterKillAsync(IAttackable killedObject, IObservable killer)
     {
         using var l = await this._distributionLock.LockAsync();
         try
@@ -220,34 +220,29 @@ public sealed class Party : AsyncDisposable
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="killed">The object that was killed.</param>
     /// <param name="killer">The killer who is a party member.</param>
-    /// <param name="amount">The amount of money to distribute.</param>
-    public async ValueTask DistributeMoneyAfterKillAsync(IAttackable killed, IPartyMember killer, uint amount)
-    {
-        using var l = await this._distributionLock.LockAsync();
-        try
+    /// <param name="shares">The part of the money which is reserved for each party member.</param>
+    public ValueTask DistributeMoneyAfterKillAsync(IAttackable killed, IPartyMember killer, IReadOnlyList<MoneyShare> shares)
     {
+        // No lock is taken here: unlike the experience distribution this no longer touches the shared
+        // _distributionList, and paying out the pre-computed shares is consistent with the lock-free
+        // pick up path in DroppedMoney.
         this._logger.LogDebug("Distributing money after killing {name}", killed.GetName());
-            this._distributionList.AddRange(
-                this._partyMembers.OfType<Player>()
-                    .Where(p => p.CurrentMap == killer.CurrentMap
-                                && !p.IsAtSafezone()
-                                && p.Attributes is { }));
-
-            if (this._distributionList.Count == 0)
-            {
-                return;
+        _ = MoneyDistribution.TryPayShares(shares, player => this.IsEligibleForMoney(player, killer));
+        return ValueTask.CompletedTask;
     }
 
-            var moneyPart = amount / this._distributionList.Count;
-            foreach (var player in this._distributionList)
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the player may receive a part of a money drop of the party.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The player.</param>
+    /// <param name="killer">The killer who is a party member.</param>
+    /// <returns><c>True</c>, if the player may receive money; Otherwise, <c>false</c>.</returns>
+    internal bool IsEligibleForMoney(Player player, IPartyMember killer)
     {
-                player.TryAddMoney((int)(moneyPart * player.Attributes![Stats.MoneyAmountRate]));
-            }
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            this._distributionList.Clear();
-        }
+        return this._partyMembers.Contains(player)
+               && player.CurrentMap == killer.CurrentMap
+               && !player.IsAtSafezone()
+               && player.Attributes is { };
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -340,7 +335,7 @@ public sealed class Party : AsyncDisposable
         base.Dispose(disposing);
     }
 
-    private static (int Total, float PerLevel) CalculatePartyExperience(List<Player> recipients, IAttackable killed)
+    private static float CalculatePartyExperiencePerLevel(List<Player> recipients, IAttackable killed)
     {
         var memberCount = recipients.Count;
         var totalLevel = recipients.Sum(p => (int)p.Attributes![Stats.TotalLevel]);
@@ -355,9 +350,8 @@ public sealed class Party : AsyncDisposable
         var randomMinMultiplier = attributes[Stats.RandomExperienceMinMultiplier];
         var randomMaxMultiplier = attributes[Stats.RandomExperienceMaxMultiplier];
         var totalExperience = CalculateTotalExperience(totalBaseExperience, randomMinMultiplier, randomMaxMultiplier);
-        var perLevel = (float)totalExperience / totalLevel;
 
-        return (totalExperience, perLevel);
+        return (float)totalExperience / totalLevel;
     }
 
     private static int CalculateTotalExperience(double totalBaseExperience, float randomMinMultiplier, float randomMaxMultiplier)
@@ -377,7 +371,7 @@ public sealed class Party : AsyncDisposable
         return (int)totalBaseExperience;
     }
 
-    private static async ValueTask AwardExperienceAsync(Player player, float perLevel, IAttackable killed)
+    private static async ValueTask<int> AwardExperienceAsync(Player player, float perLevel, IAttackable killed)
     {
         var attributes = player.Attributes!;
         var isAtMaxLevel = (short)attributes[Stats.Level] == player.GameContext.Configuration.MaximumLevel;
@@ -391,20 +385,23 @@ public sealed class Party : AsyncDisposable
                             * (attributes[Stats.MasterExperienceRate] + attributes[Stats.BonusExperienceRate]));
 
             await player.AddMasterExperienceAsync(exp, killed).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return exp;
         }
-        else if (!isAtMaxLevel)
-        {
-            var exp = (int)(perLevel
+
+        var normalExperience = (int)(perLevel
                                      * attributes[Stats.Level]
                                      * player.GameContext.ExperienceRate
                                      * (attributes[Stats.ExperienceRate] + attributes[Stats.BonusExperienceRate]));
 
-            await player.AddExperienceAsync(exp, killed).ConfigureAwait(false);
-        }
-        else
+        if (!isAtMaxLevel)
         {
-            // Player is at max level but has not completed master quest. No experience awarded.
+            await player.AddExperienceAsync(normalExperience, killed).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
+
+        // At the maximum level without the master quest no experience is awarded, but the amount is
+        // still returned: the money drop is derived from it, and a solo kill returns it as well
+        // (see Player.AddExpAfterKillAsync), so such a member must not end up without any money.
+        return normalExperience;
     }
 
     private async ValueTask ExitPartyAsync(IPartyMember member, byte index)
@@ -423,6 +420,12 @@ public sealed class Party : AsyncDisposable
             if (!shouldDispose)
             {
                 this._partyMembers = this._partyMembers.Where(m => m != member).ToArray();
+
+                // If the party master is leaving, assign the new master to the first remaining member.
+                if (this.PartyMaster == member && this._partyMembers.Length > 0)
+                {
+                    this.PartyMaster = this._partyMembers[0];
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -460,11 +463,11 @@ public sealed class Party : AsyncDisposable
         }
     }
 
-    private async ValueTask<int> InternalDistributeExperienceAfterKillAsync(IAttackable killedObject, IObservable killer)
+    private async ValueTask<IReadOnlyList<ExperienceShare>> InternalDistributeExperienceAfterKillAsync(IAttackable killedObject, IObservable killer)
     {
         if (killedObject.IsSummonedMonster)
         {
-            return 0;
+            return [];
         }
 
         using (await killer.ObserverLock.ReaderLockAsync().ConfigureAwait(false))
@@ -477,17 +480,20 @@ public sealed class Party : AsyncDisposable
 
         if (this._distributionList.Count == 0)
         {
-            return 0;
+            return [];
         }
 
-        var (total, perLevel) = CalculatePartyExperience(this._distributionList, killedObject);
+        var perLevel = CalculatePartyExperiencePerLevel(this._distributionList, killedObject);
 
+        // The shares are copied into their own list, because _distributionList is reused and cleared by the caller.
+        var shares = new List<ExperienceShare>(this._distributionList.Count);
         foreach (var player in this._distributionList)
         {
-            await AwardExperienceAsync(player, perLevel, killedObject).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            var experience = await AwardExperienceAsync(player, perLevel, killedObject).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            shares.Add(new ExperienceShare(player, experience));
         }
 
-        return total;
+        return shares;
     }
 
     private async ValueTask UpdateNearbyCountAsync()

src/GameLogic/Player.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// <copyright file="Player.cs" company="MUnique">
+// <copyright file="Player.cs" company="MUnique">
 // Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
 // </copyright>
 
@@ -54,6 +54,21 @@ public class Player : AsyncDisposable, IBucketMapObserver, IAttackable, IAttacke
     private readonly AsyncLock _moveLock = new();
     private readonly AsyncLock _experienceLock = new();
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Serializes context mutations done by this player's action handlers against the periodic and
+    /// disconnect progress saves, which run on an independent timer flow. See
+    /// <see cref="RunPersistenceExclusiveAsync{T}"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    private readonly AsyncLock _persistenceLock = new();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tracks, per asynchronous flow, whether <see cref="_persistenceLock"/> is already held, so the
+    /// lock can be re-entered (Nito's <see cref="AsyncLock"/> is not reentrant). It is an instance
+    /// field on purpose: reentrancy must be tracked per player, so a flow holding player A's lock
+    /// still acquires player B's lock (e.g. during a trade) instead of wrongly skipping it.
+    /// </summary>
+    private readonly AsyncLocal<bool> _persistenceLockHeld = new();
+
     private readonly Walker _walker;
 
     private readonly AppearanceDataAdapter _appearanceData;
@@ -203,6 +218,11 @@ public class Player : AsyncDisposable, IBucketMapObserver, IAttackable, IAttacke
     /// <inheritdoc/>
     public ushort Id { get; set; }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a custom login result to override the default when login fails.
+    /// </summary>
+    public Views.Login.LoginResult? LoginResultOverride { get; set; }
+
     /// <inheritdoc cref="IPartyMember" />
     public string Name => this.SelectedCharacter?.Name ?? string.Empty;
 
@@ -712,7 +732,7 @@ public class Player : AsyncDisposable, IBucketMapObserver, IAttackable, IAttacke
     // ADAMU-CUSTOM: Castle Siege PvP gate — true while the siege phase runs on Valley of Loren (map 30).
     private bool IsCastleSiegeBattleActive()
         => this.CurrentMap?.Definition.Number == 30
-           && PlugIns.PeriodicTasks.CastleSiegeEventPlugIn.TryGetContext(this.GameContext)?.Phase == CastleSiege.CastleSiegePhase.Siege;
+           && PlugIns.PeriodicTasks.CastleSiegeEventPlugIn.TryGetContext(this.GameContext)?.IsSiegeRunning == true;
 
     /// <inheritdoc/>
     public async ValueTask<HitInfo?> AttackByAsync(IAttacker attacker, SkillEntry? skill, bool isCombo, double damageFactor = 1.0, bool? isFinalStreakHit = null)
@@ -736,6 +756,25 @@ public class Player : AsyncDisposable, IBucketMapObserver, IAttackable, IAttacke
             return null;
         }
 
+        // ADAMU-CUSTOM: Heykel Savasi PvP rules.
+        if (this.CurrentMiniGame is HeykelSavasiContext heykelSavasi
+            && attacker is Player heykelAttacker)
+        {
+            // No player-vs-player damage before the battle actually starts (registration / 30s preparation).
+            if (heykelSavasi.State != MiniGameState.Playing)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            // Never friendly-fire within the same team.
+            var heykelVictimTeam = heykelSavasi.GetTeam(this);
+            if (heykelVictimTeam != HeykelSavasiTeam.None
+                && heykelVictimTeam == heykelSavasi.GetTeam(heykelAttacker))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
         var hitInfo = await attacker.CalculateDamageAsync(this, skill, isCombo, damageFactor).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
         if (skill?.Skill is not { } attackSkill || attackSkill.DamageType != DamageType.Fenrir)
@@ -1142,7 +1181,13 @@ public class Player : AsyncDisposable, IBucketMapObserver, IAttackable, IAttacke
         {
             // Older clients use a separate packet for the respawn, while newer don't.
             // It requires a slightly different logic.
-            this.CurrentMap = await this.GameContext.GetMapAsync(this.SelectedCharacter!.CurrentMap!.Number.ToUnsigned()).ConfigureAwait(false) ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Current map not found.");
+            // ADAMU-CUSTOM: when respawning inside a mini game (e.g. the TvT Event), stay on that game's OWN
+            // map instance - not the shared world map of the same number - otherwise the respawned player lands
+            // on an empty copy and can't see the statues or the other participants. Mirrors the newer-client
+            // path in ClientReadyAfterMapChangeAsync.
+            this.CurrentMap = this.CurrentMiniGame is { } respawnMiniGame
+                ? respawnMiniGame.Map
+                : (await this.GameContext.GetMapAsync(this.SelectedCharacter!.CurrentMap!.Number.ToUnsigned()).ConfigureAwait(false) ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Current map not found."));
             await respawnPlugIn.RespawnAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
             await this.PlayerState.TryAdvanceToAsync(GameLogic.PlayerState.EnteredWorld).ConfigureAwait(false);
             this.IsAlive = true;
@@ -1195,6 +1240,13 @@ public class Player : AsyncDisposable, IBucketMapObserver, IAttackable, IAttacke
             await this.CurrentMap.AddAsync(summon).ConfigureAwait(false);
             summon.OnSpawn();
         }
+
+        // ADAMU-CUSTOM: Heykel Savasi -> reapply the team's earned buffs after (re)spawning during battle.
+        if (this.CurrentMiniGame is HeykelSavasiContext heykelSavasiRebuff
+            && heykelSavasiRebuff.State == MiniGameState.Playing)
+        {
+            await heykelSavasiRebuff.OnPlayerRespawnedAsync(this).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -1609,25 +1661,26 @@ public class Player : AsyncDisposable, IBucketMapObserver, IAttackable, IAttacke
             var durationExtended = false;
             foreach (var powerUpDef in powerUps)
             {
-                IElement powerUp;
+                IElement powerUp = this.Attributes!.CreateElement(powerUpDef);
                 if (skillEntry.Level > 0)
                 {
-                    powerUp = this.Attributes!.CreateElement(powerUpDef);
-
                     foreach (var masterSkillEntry in GetMasterSkillEntries(skillEntry))
                     {
                         var extendsDuration = masterSkillEntry.Skill?.MasterDefinition?.ExtendsDuration ?? false;
                         if (extendsDuration && !durationExtended)
                         {
-                            durationElement = new CombinedElement(durationElement, new ConstantElement(masterSkillEntry.CalculateValue()));
-                        }
-                        else if (extendsDuration)
+                            var value = masterSkillEntry.CalculateValue();
+                            if (value < 1)
                             {
-                            continue;
+                                value *= 100;
                             }
-                        else
+
+                            durationElement = new CombinedElement(durationElement, new ConstantElement(value));
+                            durationElementPvp = new CombinedElement(durationElementPvp, new ConstantElement(value));
+                        }
+
+                        if (masterSkillEntry.Skill?.MasterDefinition?.TargetAttribute is not null)
                         {
-                            // Apply either for all, or just for the specified TargetAttribute of the master skill
                             powerUp = AppedMasterSkillPowerUp(masterSkillEntry, powerUpDef, powerUp);
                         }
                     }
@@ -1635,10 +1688,6 @@ public class Player : AsyncDisposable, IBucketMapObserver, IAttackable, IAttacke
                     // After the first iteration all possible duration extensions have been applied
                     durationExtended = true;
                 }
-                else
-                {
-                    powerUp = this.Attributes!.CreateElement(powerUpDef);
-                }
 
                 result[i] = (powerUpDef.TargetAttribute!, powerUp);
                 i++;
@@ -1657,15 +1706,12 @@ public class Player : AsyncDisposable, IBucketMapObserver, IAttackable, IAttacke
 
         IElement AppedMasterSkillPowerUp(SkillEntry masterSkillEntry, PowerUpDefinition powerUpDef, IElement powerUp)
         {
-            if (masterSkillEntry.Skill?.MasterDefinition is not { } masterSkillDefinition)
-            {
-                return powerUp;
-            }
+            var masterSkillDefinition = masterSkillEntry.Skill!.MasterDefinition!;
 
-            if (masterSkillDefinition.TargetAttribute is { } masterSkillTargetAttribute
-                && masterSkillTargetAttribute == powerUpDef.TargetAttribute)
+            if (masterSkillDefinition.TargetAttribute == powerUpDef.TargetAttribute
+                && masterSkillDefinition.Aggregation == powerUp.AggregateType)
             {
-                var additionalValue = new SimpleElement(masterSkillEntry.CalculateValue(), masterSkillEntry.Skill.MasterDefinition?.Aggregation ?? powerUp.AggregateType);
+                var additionalValue = new SimpleElement(masterSkillEntry.CalculateValue(), masterSkillDefinition.Aggregation);
                 powerUp = new CombinedElement(powerUp, additionalValue);
             }
 
@@ -1733,7 +1779,6 @@ public class Player : AsyncDisposable, IBucketMapObserver, IAttackable, IAttacke
         area.MaximumHealthOverride = (int)monster.Attributes[Stats.MaximumHealth];
         area.MaximumHealthOverride += (int)(monster.Attributes[Stats.MaximumHealth] * this.Attributes?[Stats.SummonedMonsterHealthIncrease] ?? 0);
 
-        // todo: Stats.SummonedMonsterDefenseIncrease
         this.Summon = (monster, intelligence);
         monster.Initialize();
         await gameMap.AddAsync(monster).ConfigureAwait(false);
@@ -1849,12 +1894,86 @@ public class Player : AsyncDisposable, IBucketMapObserver, IAttackable, IAttacke
     /// <returns>Success of the save operation.</returns>
     public async ValueTask<bool> SaveProgressAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
     {
-        if (!this.IsTemplatePlayer)
+        if (this.IsTemplatePlayer)
         {
-            return await this.PersistenceContext.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return true;
         }
 
-        return true;
+        return await this.RunPersistenceExclusiveAsync(
+            () => this.PersistenceContext.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken),
+            cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Runs the given operation while holding this player's persistence lock, so that context
+    /// mutations and progress saves for the player never run concurrently.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// The periodic progress save (<see cref="PlugIns.PeriodicSaveProgressPlugIn"/>) runs on an
+    /// independent timer flow. Action handlers mutate tracked entities with plain field/collection
+    /// writes (e.g. crafting toggling <c>item.ItemOptions</c>) which bypass the persistence context's
+    /// own lock; if such a mutation runs while <see cref="IContext.SaveChangesAsync"/> enumerates the
+    /// change tracker, the save throws (collection-modified / DbUpdateConcurrency) and every following
+    /// save fails too, so the whole session is lost on relog. Serializing the packet handler funnel
+    /// and the save against each other closes that window. The lock is re-entrant per asynchronous
+    /// flow, so an inline save inside an already-serialized handler does not deadlock.
+    /// <para>
+    /// Invariant: never acquire another player's persistence lock (via their
+    /// <see cref="SaveProgressAsync"/> or <see cref="RunPersistenceExclusiveAsync{T}"/>) from inside a
+    /// packet handler, which already holds this player's lock, unless a global lock order is enforced.
+    /// Today only the trade accept does a cross-player save, and it cannot form a cycle because a trade
+    /// has a single accepting side (so the A-then-B acquisition order has no concurrent B-then-A
+    /// counterpart). A second cross-player caller with the opposite order could deadlock.
+    /// </para>
+    /// </remarks>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">The result type of the operation.</typeparam>
+    /// <param name="operation">The operation to run exclusively.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">The cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>The result of the operation.</returns>
+    public async ValueTask<T> RunPersistenceExclusiveAsync<T>(Func<ValueTask<T>> operation, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        if (this._persistenceLockHeld.Value)
+        {
+            return await operation().ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+
+        using var l = await this._persistenceLock.LockAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        this._persistenceLockHeld.Value = true;
+        try
+        {
+            return await operation().ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            this._persistenceLockHeld.Value = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Runs the given operation while holding this player's persistence lock.
+    /// See <see cref="RunPersistenceExclusiveAsync{T}"/> for the rationale.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="operation">The operation to run exclusively.</param>
+    /// <param name="cancellationToken">The cancellation token.</param>
+    /// <returns>A value task which completes when the operation completed.</returns>
+    public async ValueTask RunPersistenceExclusiveAsync(Func<ValueTask> operation, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        if (this._persistenceLockHeld.Value)
+        {
+            await operation().ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        using var l = await this._persistenceLock.LockAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        this._persistenceLockHeld.Value = true;
+        try
+        {
+            await operation().ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            this._persistenceLockHeld.Value = false;
+        }
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -2316,6 +2435,14 @@ public class Player : AsyncDisposable, IBucketMapObserver, IAttackable, IAttacke
             };
         }
 
+        // ADAMU-CUSTOM: Heykel Savasi -> respawn at the player's own team base while the battle is running.
+        if (this.CurrentMiniGame is HeykelSavasiContext heykelSavasiRespawn
+            && heykelSavasiRespawn.State == MiniGameState.Playing
+            && heykelSavasiRespawn.GetTeam(this) != HeykelSavasiTeam.None)
+        {
+            return heykelSavasiRespawn.GetTeamSpawnGate(heykelSavasiRespawn.GetTeam(this));
+        }
+
         var spawnTargetMapDefinition = this.CurrentMap.Definition.SafezoneMap ?? this.CurrentMap.Definition;
         var targetMap = await this.GameContext.GetMapAsync((ushort)spawnTargetMapDefinition.Number, false).ConfigureAwait(false);
         return targetMap?.SafeZoneSpawnGate
@@ -2425,6 +2552,23 @@ public class Player : AsyncDisposable, IBucketMapObserver, IAttackable, IAttacke
         this._respawnAfterDeathCts = new CancellationTokenSource();
         await this.ForEachWorldObserverAsync<IObjectGotKilledPlugIn>(p => p.ObjectGotKilledAsync(this, killer), true).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
+        // ADAMU-CUSTOM: TvT Event -> credit the killer with an enemy-team kill for the scoreboard. Done here
+        // (not in AfterKilledPlayerAsync) because that PK-penalty path is intentionally skipped for mini-game
+        // PvP (AllowPlayerKilling == true), which would otherwise mean event kills never count.
+        if (killer is Player heykelKiller
+            && heykelKiller.CurrentMiniGame is MiniGames.HeykelSavasiContext heykelKillGame
+            && ReferenceEquals(this.CurrentMiniGame, heykelKiller.CurrentMiniGame))
+        {
+            var killerTeam = heykelKillGame.GetTeam(heykelKiller);
+            var victimTeam = heykelKillGame.GetTeam(this);
+            if (killerTeam != victimTeam
+                && killerTeam != MiniGames.HeykelSavasiTeam.None
+                && victimTeam != MiniGames.HeykelSavasiTeam.None)
+            {
+                heykelKillGame.RecordKill(heykelKiller);
+            }
+        }
+
         if (killer is Player killerAfterKilled
             && !(killerAfterKilled.GuildWarContext?.Score is { } score && score == this.GuildWarContext?.Score)
             && this.CurrentMiniGame?.AllowPlayerKilling is not true)

src/GameLogic/PlayerActions/Items/ItemStackAction.cs

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ public class ItemStackAction
             foreach (var jewel in jewels)
             {
                 await player.Inventory.RemoveItemAsync(jewel).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                await player.PersistenceContext.DeleteAsync(jewel).ConfigureAwait(false);
                 await player.InvokeViewPlugInAsync<IItemRemovedPlugIn>(p => p.RemoveItemAsync(jewel.ItemSlot)).ConfigureAwait(false);
             }
 
@@ -118,6 +119,7 @@ public class ItemStackAction
         }
 
         await player.Inventory.RemoveItemAsync(stacked).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        await player.PersistenceContext.DeleteAsync(stacked).ConfigureAwait(false);
         await player.InvokeViewPlugInAsync<IItemRemovedPlugIn>(p => p.RemoveItemAsync(slot)).ConfigureAwait(false);
         foreach (var freeSlot in freeSlots)
         {

src/GameLogic/PlayerActions/Items/MoveItemAction.cs

@@ -263,18 +263,7 @@ public class MoveItemAction
             if (itemDefinition.ItemSlot.ItemSlots.Contains(toSlot) &&
                 player.CompliesRequirements(item))
             {
-                static bool IsOneHandedOrShield(ItemDefinition definition) =>
-                    (definition.ItemSlot!.ItemSlots.Contains(RightHandSlot) && definition.ItemSlot.ItemSlots.Contains(LeftHandSlot)) || definition.Group == 6;
-
-                var rightHandItemDefinition = storage.GetItem(RightHandSlot)?.Definition!;
-
-                if ((toSlot == LeftHandSlot
-                    && itemDefinition.Width >= 2
-                    && rightHandItemDefinition != null
-                    && !rightHandItemDefinition.IsAmmunition)
-                    || (toSlot == RightHandSlot
-                    && IsOneHandedOrShield(itemDefinition)
-                    && storage.GetItem(LeftHandSlot)?.Definition!.Width >= 2))
+                if (itemDefinition.ConflictsWithEquippedHands(storage, toSlot))
                 {
                     // Attempting to equip a two-handed item to the left hand slot when a shield is in the right hand slot,
                     // or trying to equip a one-handed weapon or shield to the right hand slot when a two-handed item is in the left hand slot.

src/GameLogic/PlayerActions/Items/SellItemToNpcAction.cs

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ public class SellItemToNpcAction
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="player">The player.</param>
     /// <param name="slot">The slot.</param>
-    public async ValueTask SellItemAsync(Player player, byte slot)
+    /// <returns><c>True</c>, if the item was sold; otherwise, <c>false</c>.</returns>
+    public async ValueTask<bool> SellItemAsync(Player player, byte slot)
     {
         using var loggerScope = player.Logger.BeginScope(this.GetType());
         var item = player.Inventory?.GetItem(slot);
@@ -36,36 +37,45 @@ public class SellItemToNpcAction
         {
             player.Logger.LogWarning("Player {0} requested to sell item at slot {1}, but item wasn't found.", player, slot);
             await player.InvokeViewPlugInAsync<IItemSoldToNpcPlugIn>(p => p.ItemSoldToNpcAsync(false)).ConfigureAwait(false);
-            return;
+            return false;
         }
 
         if (player.OpenedNpc?.Definition.MerchantStore is null)
         {
             player.Logger.LogWarning("Player {0} requested to sell item at slot {1} to an npc, but no npc merchant store is currently opened.", player, slot);
             await player.InvokeViewPlugInAsync<IItemSoldToNpcPlugIn>(p => p.ItemSoldToNpcAsync(false)).ConfigureAwait(false);
-            return;
+            return false;
         }
 
         if (item.Definition is null || (item.Definition.IsBoundToCharacter && (item.Definition.Durability == 0 || item.Durability > 0)))
         {
             await player.InvokeViewPlugInAsync<IItemSoldToNpcPlugIn>(p => p.ItemSoldToNpcAsync(false)).ConfigureAwait(false);
-            return;
+            return false;
         }
 
-        await this.SellItemAsync(player, item).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        return await this.SellItemAsync(player, item).ConfigureAwait(false);
     }
 
-    private async ValueTask SellItemAsync(Player player, Item item)
+    private async ValueTask<bool> SellItemAsync(Player player, Item item)
     {
         var sellingPrice = (int)this._itemPriceCalculator.CalculateSellingPrice(item, item.Durability());
         player.Logger.LogDebug("Calculated selling price {0} for item {1}", sellingPrice, item);
-        if (player.TryAddMoney(sellingPrice))
+        if (!player.TryAddMoney(sellingPrice))
         {
+            // The money doesn't fit into the inventory anymore. Without the answer the request would
+            // stay unanswered - the client keeps waiting, and the player gets no hint why nothing
+            // happened. All other refusals above already report back this way.
+            player.Logger.LogDebug("Item {0} not sold, the money of player {1} is at its maximum.", item, player);
+            await player.InvokeViewPlugInAsync<IItemSoldToNpcPlugIn>(p => p.ItemSoldToNpcAsync(false)).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return false;
+        }
+
         player.Logger.LogDebug("Sold Item {0} for price: {1}", item, sellingPrice);
         await player.Inventory!.RemoveItemAsync(item).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        await player.PersistenceContext.DeleteAsync(item).ConfigureAwait(false);
         await player.InvokeViewPlugInAsync<IItemSoldToNpcPlugIn>(p => p.ItemSoldToNpcAsync(true)).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
         player.GameContext.PlugInManager.GetPlugInPoint<IItemSoldToMerchantPlugIn>()?.ItemSold(player, item, player.OpenedNpc!);
-        }
+        return true;
     }
 }

src/GameLogic/PlayerActions/LoginAction.cs

@@ -189,7 +189,9 @@ public class LoginAction
 
     private async ValueTask HandleAlreadyConnectedAsync(Player player, string username)
     {
-        await player.InvokeViewPlugInAsync<IShowLoginResultPlugIn>(p => p.ShowLoginResultAsync(LoginResult.AccountAlreadyConnected)).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        var result = player.LoginResultOverride ?? LoginResult.AccountAlreadyConnected;
+        player.LoginResultOverride = null;
+        await player.InvokeViewPlugInAsync<IShowLoginResultPlugIn>(p => p.ShowLoginResultAsync(result)).ConfigureAwait(false);
         if (player.GameContext is IGameServerContext gameServerContext)
         {
             await gameServerContext.EventPublisher.PlayerAlreadyLoggedInAsync(gameServerContext.Id, username).ConfigureAwait(false);

src/GameLogic/PlayerActions/MiniGames/EnterMiniGameAction.cs

@@ -99,6 +99,10 @@ public class EnterMiniGameAction
         var entrance = miniGameDefinition.Entrance ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("mini game entrance not defined");
         var miniGame = await player.GameContext.GetMiniGameAsync(miniGameDefinition, player).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
+        // Snapshot before entering: an event which disallows parties (Chaos Castle) kicks the
+        // entering player out of its party below, losing the knowledge of who was going to follow.
+        var partyBots = Bots.BotMiniGameHandler.SnapshotPartyBots(player);
+
         var enterResult = await miniGame.TryEnterAsync(player).ConfigureAwait(false);
         if (enterResult == EnterResult.Success)
         {
@@ -125,6 +129,10 @@ public class EnterMiniGameAction
             await player.RemoveSummonAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
             await player.MagicEffectList.ClearEffectsAfterDeathAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
             await player.WarpToAsync(entrance).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+            // The bots of the entering party leader follow them in (each checked against the same
+            // entry restrictions, no ticket needed - the leader's own ticket legitimizes the visit).
+            Bots.BotMiniGameHandler.BringPartyBotsAlong(player, partyBots, miniGameDefinition, miniGame);
         }
         else
         {

src/GameLogic/PlayerActions/MiniGames/HeykelSavasiJoinAction.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// <copyright file="HeykelSavasiJoinAction.cs" company="MUnique">
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+// </copyright>
+
+namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlayerActions.MiniGames;
+
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.MiniGames;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Views;
+using MUnique.OpenMU.Interfaces;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Player action which implements joining a team of the Heykel Savasi (statue war) event.
+/// </summary>
+public class HeykelSavasiJoinAction
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tries to join the given player to the given team of the Heykel Savasi event, and warps the
+    /// player to the team's base spawn gate on success.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="player">The player who wants to join.</param>
+    /// <param name="team">The team which the player wants to join.</param>
+    /// <param name="context">The currently open Heykel Savasi context.</param>
+    public async ValueTask JoinAsync(Player player, HeykelSavasiTeam team, HeykelSavasiContext context)
+    {
+        if (await context.TryJoinTeamAsync(player, team).ConfigureAwait(false))
+        {
+            await player.WarpToAsync(context.GetTeamSpawnGate(team)).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            await player.InvokeViewPlugInAsync<IShowMessagePlugIn>(p =>
+                p.ShowMessageAsync("You can't join a team right now (team balance/status).", MessageType.BlueNormal)).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/GameLogic/PlayerActions/Party/PartyRequestAction.cs

@@ -28,7 +28,12 @@ public class PartyRequestAction
 
         if (toRequest.Party != null || toRequest.LastPartyRequester != null)
         {
-            if (toRequest.Party != null && Equals(toRequest.Party.PartyMaster, toRequest))
+            // A server-side bot is asked as well when it is a plain member of its (bot) party: a living
+            // player takes precedence over the bot's own company, so it leaves that party and joins the
+            // inviter (see BotPartyHandler). Everyone else keeps the original rule - only the master of a
+            // party can answer an invitation.
+            var isBot = toRequest.Account?.IsBot == true;
+            if (toRequest.Party != null && (isBot || Equals(toRequest.Party.PartyMaster, toRequest)))
             {
                 if (await PartyRequestHandler.TryAutoAcceptPartyRequestAsync(toRequest, player).ConfigureAwait(false))
                 {

src/GameLogic/PlayerActions/Quests/ElfSoldierBuffRequestAction.cs

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-// <copyright file="ElfSoldierBuffRequestAction.cs" company="MUnique">
-// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
-// </copyright>
-
-namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.PlayerActions.Quests;
-
-using MUnique.OpenMU.AttributeSystem;
-using MUnique.OpenMU.DataModel.Attributes;
-using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Attributes;
-using MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic.Views;
-using MUnique.OpenMU.Interfaces;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Action of requesting the elf soldier buff.
-/// </summary>
-/// <remarks>
-/// Instead of hard-coding all this stuff, we could define something like a 'RequestableBuff' in the MonsterDefinition.
-/// </remarks>
-public class ElfSoldierBuffRequestAction
-{
-    private static readonly short ElfSoldierNumber = 257;
-
-    private static readonly MagicEffectDefinition BuffEffect = new SoldierBuffMagicEffectDefinition
-    {
-        InformObservers = true,
-        Name = "Elf Soldier Buff",
-        Number = 3,
-        StopByDeath = true,
-    };
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Requests the buff and adds it to the <see cref="Player.MagicEffectList"/> when the player is allowed to get it.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <param name="player">The player.</param>
-    public async ValueTask RequestBuffAsync(Player player)
-    {
-        if (player.OpenedNpc is null
-            || player.OpenedNpc.Definition.NpcWindow != NpcWindow.NpcDialog
-            || player.OpenedNpc.Definition.Number != ElfSoldierNumber)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (player.Level > 220)
-        {
-            await player.ShowLocalizedBlueMessageAsync(nameof(PlayerMessage.ElfSoldierStrongEnoughMessage)).ConfigureAwait(false);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        await player.MagicEffectList.AddEffectAsync(new MagicEffect(
-            TimeSpan.FromMinutes(60),
-            BuffEffect,
-            new MagicEffect.ElementWithTarget(new ConstantElement(50 + (player.Level / 5), AggregateType.AddFinal), Stats.DefenseFinal),
-            new MagicEffect.ElementWithTarget(new ConstantElement(45 + (player.Level / 3)), Stats.GreaterDamageBonus))).ConfigureAwait(false);
-    }
-
-    private sealed class SoldierBuffMagicEffectDefinition : MagicEffectDefinition
-    {
-        public SoldierBuffMagicEffectDefinition()
-        {
-            this.PowerUpDefinitions = new List<PowerUpDefinition>(2);
-        }
-    }
-}